復

See also: 复 and 覆
復 U+5FA9, 復
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FA9
← 徨
[U+5FA8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 循 →
[U+5FAA]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

復 (radical 60, 彳+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹人人日水 (HOOAE), four-corner 28247, composition ⿰彳复)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 369, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10183
  • Dae Jaweon: page 695, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 834, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5FA9

ChineseEdit

trad. 復
simp. 复*

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 復
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
           
Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愎 *brɯɡ
鍑 *puɡs, *puɡ
覆 *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復 *buɡs, *buɡ
椱 *buɡs, *buɡ
複 *buɡs, *puɡ
馥 *brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹 *puɡ
輹 *puɡ, *buɡ
蝮 *pʰuɡ
蕧 *pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复 *buɡ
鰒 *buɡ
澓 *buɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *buɡs, *buɡ): semantic 彳 (“walk”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ, “repeat”).

Walk back and forth.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • bô - vernacular, for "again";
  • hók - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • hog8 - literary;
    • huin3 - vernacular.
    Rime
    Character 復 復
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 並 (3) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 尤 (136) 屋 (4)
    Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) III III
    Fanqie 扶富切 房六切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bɨuH/ /bɨuk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/biuH/ /biuk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biəuH/ /biuk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/buwH/ /buwk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/biuH/ /biuk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭəuH/ /bĭuk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/bʱi̯ə̯uH/ /bʱi̯uk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fòu fú
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 復 復
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fù fù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bjuwH › ‹ bjuwk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[N]-pruk-s/ /*m-p(r)uk/
    English again return

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 復 復
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 3537 3550
    Phonetic
    component         		复 复
    Rime
    group         		奧 覺
    Rime
    subdivision         		1 1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		復 伏
    Old
    Chinese         		/*buɡs/ /*buɡ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    復

    1. to return
    2. to repeat
    3. repeatedly
    4. 24th hexagram of the I Ching

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 復

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    復

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. restore
    2. return to
    3. revert
    4. resume

    ReadingsEdit

    DefinitionsEdit

    Kanji in this term
    復
    また
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 復 – see the following entry.
    【また】
    [adverb] again, as well
    [conjunction] and, also
    Alternative spellings
    又, 亦, 復
    (This term, 復, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    KoreanEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    From Middle Chinese 復 (MC bɨuk̚).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 뽁〮 (Yale: ppwók)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 도로 (Yale: twolwo) 복 (Yale: pwok)

    PronunciationEdit

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    復 (eumhun 돌아올 복 (doraol bok))

    1. Hanja form? of 복 (“return”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 2Edit

    From Middle Chinese 復 (MC bɨuH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 뿌ᇢ〮 (Yale: ppwúw)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 다시 (Yale: tasi) 부 (Yale: pwu)

    PronunciationEdit

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pu(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangeul: [부(ː)]
      • Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.

    HanjaEdit

    復 (eumhun 다시 부 (dasi bu))

    1. Hanja form? of 부 (“again”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    復: Hán Nôm readings: phục, phức, Phục

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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