復
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
復 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹人人日水 (HOOAE), four-corner 28247, composition ⿰彳复)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 369, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10183
- Dae Jaweon: page 695, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 834, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5FA9
ChineseEdit
trad. | 復 | |
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simp. | 复* | |
alternative forms | 伏 |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 復 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *buɡs, *buɡ): semantic 彳 (“walk”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ, “repeat”).
Walk back and forth.
EtymologyEdit
Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-p(j)up, whence Tibetan འབུབ་པ ('bub pa, “turned over or upside down”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *pup (“to turn over; to search for”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007).
Within Chinese, cognate with 複 (OC *puɡ, “lined (garment); double”), 覆 (OC *pʰuɡs, “to cover”), 覆 (OC *pʰuɡ, “to turn over”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
復
- to return
- to recover; to resume
- to revenge; to avenge
- to reply
- alt. forms: 覆 (fù)
- 24th hexagram of the I Ching
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 復
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Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
復
- (literary or Min Dong) again
- 復發/复发 ― fùfā ― to relapse; to recur
- 死灰復燃/死灰复燃 ― sǐhuīfùrán ― to resurge (literally, “dead embers relight”)
- 雨逿一匝復逿一匝 [Min Dong, trad.]
- From: 2002, 李榮 (Li Rong), chief editor, 《現代漢語方言大詞典》 [Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects], Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Publishing House, →ISBN, page 890
- huô dâung siŏh cák bô dâung siŏh cák / [huɔ²⁴² tɑuŋ²⁴² suoʔ⁵ t͡sɑʔ²⁴ pou²⁴² tɑuŋ²⁴² suoʔ⁵ t͡sɑʔ²⁴] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
- It rains again and again
雨𰺲一匝复𰺲一匝 [Min Dong, simp.]
SynonymsEdit
Variety | Location | Words |
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Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 又 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 又 |
Taiwan | 又 | |
Jinan | 又 | |
Xi'an | 又 | |
Wuhan | 又 | |
Chengdu | 又 | |
Guilin | 又 | |
Yangzhou | 又 | |
Hefei | 又 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 又, 又試 |
Hong Kong | 又, 又試 | |
Yangjiang | 又 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 又 |
Hakka | Meixian | 又 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 又 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 又, 已 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 復 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣 |
Quanzhou | 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣 | |
Zhangzhou | 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣 | |
Taipei | 閣 GT, 閣再 GT, 又閣 GT | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 閣, 閣再, 又閣 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 閣, 閣再 | |
Chaozhou | 又, 又再 | |
Shantou | 又 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 亦 |
Wenzhou | 亦 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 又 |
Shuangfeng | 又 | |
Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “復”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
復
ReadingsEdit
DefinitionsEdit
Kanji in this term |
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復 |
また Grade: 5 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 復 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 復, is an alternative (literary) spelling of the above term.) |
KoreanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Chinese 復 (MC bɨuk̚).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 뽁〮 (Yale: ppwók) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 도로 (Yale: twolwo) | 복 (Yale: pwok) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [po̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [복]
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Chinese 復 (MC bɨuH).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 뿌ᇢ〮 (Yale: ppwúw) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 다시 (Yale: tasi) | 부 (Yale: pwu) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pu(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [부(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
復: Hán Nôm readings: phục, phức, Phục
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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