悔悟

Chinese

		regret	comprehend
trad. (悔悟)		悔	悟
simp. #(悔悟)		悔	悟
alternative forms		悔寤

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huǐwù

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˇ ㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fui³ ng⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hóe-ngō͘ / hóe-gō͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huǐwù
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˇ ㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huěiwù
    • Wade–Giles: hui³-wu⁴
    • Yale: hwěi-wù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hoeiwuh
    • Palladius: хуэйу (xueju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fui³ ng⁶
    • Yale: fui ngh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fui³ ng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: fui³ ng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuːi̯³³ ŋ̍²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóe-ngō͘
    • Tâi-lô: hué-ngōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoefngo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hue⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ŋɔ̃²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ŋɔ̃³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ŋɔ̃³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóe-gō͘
    • Tâi-lô: hué-gōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoefgo
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡɔ²²/

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• Middle Chinese: xwojX|xwojH nguH

Rime
Character	悔	悔	悟
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	曉 (32)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)	灰 (42)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	呼罪切	荒内切	五故切
Baxter	xwojX	xwojH	nguH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huʌiX/	/huʌiH/	/ŋuoH/
Pan Wuyun	/huoiX/	/huoiH/	/ŋuoH/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɒiX/	/xuɒiH/	/ŋoH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwəjX/	/hwəjH/	/ŋɔH/
Li Rong	/xuᴀiX/	/xuᴀiH/	/ŋoH/
Wang Li	/xuɒiX/	/xuɒiH/	/ŋuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuɑ̆iX/	/xuɑ̆iH/	/ŋuoH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huǐ	huì	wù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fui2	fui3	ng6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤəʔ  ŋˤa-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hmɯːʔ|hmɯːs  ŋaːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	悔	悟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huǐ	wù
Middle Chinese	‹ xwojX ›	‹ nguH ›
Old Chinese	/*m̥ˁəʔ/	/*ŋˁa-s/
English	regret, repent	awake, realize
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悔	悔	悟
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	9318	9319	13152
Phonetic component	母	母	五
Rime group	之	之	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	賄		誤
Old Chinese	/*hmɯːʔ/	/*hmɯːs/	/*ŋaːs/

Verb

悔悟

1. repent (to feel sorrow or regret for what one has done or omitted to do)

Synonyms

• 回頭／回头 (huítóu) (figuratively)
• 悔 (huǐ) (literary, or in compounds)
• 悔恨 (huǐhèn)
• 悔過／悔过 (huǐguò)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (悔悟):

• → Japanese: 悔(かい)悟(ご) (kaigo)
• → Korean: 회오(悔悟) (hoe'o)

See also

• 悔改 (huǐgǎi)
• 改悔 (gǎihuǐ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
悔	悟
かい Grade: S	ご Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
悔悟 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) か​いご [káꜜìgò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠iɡo̞]

Noun

悔(かい)悟(ご) • (kaigo) ^{←くわいご (kwaigo)?}

1. remorse; repentance

Verb

悔(かい)悟(ご)する • (kaigo suru) suru (stem 悔(かい)悟(ご)し (kaigo shi), past 悔(かい)悟(ご)した (kaigo shita))

1. to repent, feel remorse

Conjugation

Conjugation of "悔悟する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	悔悟し	かいごし	kaigo shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	悔悟し	かいごし	kaigo shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	悔悟する	かいごする	kaigo suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	悔悟する	かいごする	kaigo suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	悔悟すれ	かいごすれ	kaigo sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	悔悟せよ¹ 悔悟しろ²	かいごせよ¹ かいごしろ²	kaigo seyo¹ kaigo shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	悔悟される	かいごされる	kaigo sareru
Causative	悔悟させる 悔悟さす	かいごさせる かいごさす	kaigo saseru kaigo sasu
Potential	悔悟できる	かいごできる	kaigo dekiru
Volitional	悔悟しよう	かいごしよう	kaigo shiyō
Negative	悔悟しない	かいごしない	kaigo shinai
Negative continuative	悔悟せず	かいごせず	kaigo sezu
Formal	悔悟します	かいごします	kaigo shimasu
Perfective	悔悟した	かいごした	kaigo shita
Conjunctive	悔悟して	かいごして	kaigo shite
Hypothetical conditional	悔悟すれば	かいごすれば	kaigo sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative