悠

悠 U+60A0, 悠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60A0 ← 悟 [U+609F] CJK Unified Ideographs 悡 → [U+60A1]

Translingual

Han character

悠 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人大心 (OKP), four-corner 2833₄, composition ⿱攸心)

Derived characters

• 滺

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 388, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10681
• Dae Jaweon: page 720, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2300, character 15
• Unihan data for U+60A0

Chinese

trad.		悠
simp. #		悠

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (攸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
絛	*l̥ʰɯːw
窱	*ʔl'ɯːwʔ, *l̥ʰɯːws
蓧	*l̥ʰɯːw, *l'ɯːwɢ
條	*l'ɯːw
鋚	*l'ɯːw
鞗	*l'ɯːw
樤	*l'ɯːw
鰷	*l'ɯːw
莜	*l'ɯːws
翛	*slɯːw, *hljɯwɢ
筱	*slɯːwʔ
篠	*slɯːwʔ
修	*slɯw
脩	*slɯw
樇	*slɯw
滫	*slɯwʔ
悠	*lɯw
攸	*lɯw
浟	*lɯw
蓨	*l̥ʰɯːwɢ
滌	*l'ɯːwɢ
儵	*hljɯwɢ
倐	*hljɯwɢ
倏	*hljɯwɢ
虪	*hljɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 心 (“heart; mind”)

Etymology

Uncertain. Compare with Burmese ယော်ယမ်း (yauyam:, “to yearn for a distant thing”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yōu (you¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yû
• Eastern Min (BUC): iù
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iu / iû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hiun¹ / hiu¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹ieu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yōu
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: you
    • Wade–Giles: yu¹
    • Yale: yōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iou
    • Palladius: ю (ju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jau⁴
    • Yale: yàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
    • Hakka Romanization System: iu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯u²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieu⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu / iû
    • Tâi-lô: iu / iû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iw, iuu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iu⁴⁴/, /iu²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iu³³/, /iu²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu⁴⁴/, /iu¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iu⁴⁴/, /iu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴/, /iu²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiun¹ / hiu¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ / hiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩũ³³/, /hiu³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹ieu
    • MiniDict: ieu^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɤ⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yuw

Rime
Character	悠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以周切
Baxter	yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/jiu/
Shao Rongfen	/iəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juw/
Li Rong	/iu/
Wang Li	/jĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*liw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	悠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōu
Middle Chinese	‹ yuw ›
Old Chinese	/*liw/
English	long-brooding
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悠
Reading #	1/1
No.	15479
Phonetic component	攸
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	猷
Old Chinese	/*lɯw/

Definitions

悠

1. remote; distant
2. leisurely

   悠遊字在／悠游字在  ―  Yōuyóu Zìzài  ―  An animated series, also known as The Wonderful World of Chinese Characters

3. to swing

Compounds

• 悠久 (yōujiǔ)
• 悠停
• 悠哉 (yōuzāi)
• 悠哉悠哉 (yōuzāiyōuzāi)
• 悠忽
• 悠思
• 悠悠 (yōuyōu)
• 悠悠忽忽
• 悠悠盪盪／悠悠荡荡
• 悠揚／悠扬 (yōuyáng)
• 悠然 (yōurán)
• 悠著
• 悠蕩／悠荡 (yōudàng)
• 悠謬／悠谬
• 悠遊／悠游
• 悠遠／悠远 (yōuyuǎn)
• 悠邈
• 悠長／悠长 (yōucháng)
• 悠閒／悠闲 (yōuxián)
• 悠闇／悠暗
• 悠陽／悠阳
• 悠颺／悠飏
• 慢悠悠 (mànyōuyōu)
• 晃悠
• 晃晃悠悠 (huànghuangyōuyōu)
• 篤悠悠／笃悠悠
• 蕩悠悠／荡悠悠
• 蕩蕩悠悠／荡荡悠悠
• 謬悠／谬悠
• 謬悠之說／谬悠之说
• 顫悠／颤悠
• 顫悠悠／颤悠悠
• 飄悠／飘悠

 

References

• “悠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

悠

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. permanence

Readings

• Go-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)^{←いう (iu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)^{←いう (iu, historical)}
• Kun: とおい (tōi, 悠い); はるか (haruka, 悠か)
• Nanori: ちか (chika); ちかし (chikashi); はるか (haruka); ひさ (hisa); ひさし (hisashi); ゆ (yu)

Proper noun

悠(ゆう) • (Yū) 

1. a male given name

Proper noun

悠(はるか) • (Haruka) 

1. a female given name

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ju]
• Phonetic hangul: [유]

Hanja

Wikisource

悠 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

悠: Hán Nôm readings: du, đu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.