周
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TranslingualEdit
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Alternative formsEdit
- In certain typefaces and/or at small font sizes, the edges of the 土 component touch the enclosing 冂 component, producing a resemblance to the radical 用.
Han characterEdit
周 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月土口 (BGR), four-corner 77220, composition ⿵⺆𠮷(GTJV) or ⿵⺆⿻一古 or ⿵⺆⿱𰀁口(HK))
Derived charactersEdit
- 倜, 凋, 調(调), 啁, 徟, 淍, 惆, 婤, 綢(绸), 琱, 椆, 晭, 賙(赒), 禂, 碉, 睭, 稠, 皗, 裯, 蜩, 輖(𫐏), 錭, 鯛(鲷), 騆, 䓟, 㓮, 郮, 彫, 翢, 雕, 鵰(𫛲), 奝, 霌, 週, 𥮐, 𥺝, 𦈺, 𦩍, 𡕐
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 181, character 36
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3441
- Dae Jaweon: page 400, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 606, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5468
ChineseEdit
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 周 | |||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | ||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script |
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Etymology 1Edit
| trad. | 周 | |
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| simp. # | 周 | |
| alternative forms | 𠄗 𠕛 𠣘 淍 | |
- to encircle, to circle, to surround, everywhere, curve (in the road)
- Unclear. Possibly connected with Tibetan [script needed] (gču-ba) ~ [script needed] (lču-ba, “screw”), [script needed] (gčud-ba) ~ [script needed] (lčub-ba, “turn, twist, plait, braid”), or Thai ดิ้ว (dîu, “club, stick; strips of rattan or bamboo bent in a circle to which ribs of a cage are fastened”) or Khmer ជួត (cuət, “to wind; to wrap around; to wear a turban”) (Schuessler, 2007)
- to help
- Unclear. Maybe same word as 周 (zhōu, “to surround”) as words for "help, aid" often derive from the notion "next to, or around, a person" (for analogies, 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist < to be on one's left-side”) from 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, “left”) and 佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to assist < to be on one's right-side”) from 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ)) (Schuessler, 2007).
- Alternatively, note Khmer ជួយ (cuəy, “to help, assist; to support; to rescue, save”) (ibid.). Even so, also note Thai ช่วย (chûai), which in turn is from Middle Chinese 助 (MC d͡ʒɨʌH)); if Khmer ជួយ (cuəy) and Thai ช่วย (chûai) were related, then Khmer ជួយ (cuəy) cannot be related to Old Chinese 周 (OC *tjɯw).
- dynasty's name
- Attested in the Huayuanzhang East Oracle Bone Inscription HYZ 327.1 (transliterated and translated by Schwartz, 2019[1])
- 周入亖 [Pre-Classical Chinese] ― Zhōu rù sì [Pinyin] ― Zhou contributes four
- A 周方白 (Zhōufāng bó, “Elder of Zhou region”), likely King Wen of Zhou, was mentioned in Oracle Bone Inscriptions H11:82 and H11:84 (Lin, 1995)[2]
- Hargett (2021)[3] states that 商 (Shāng) and 周 (Zhōu) derived from names of "places that the rulers and people of those eras regarded as their homeland or cultic centers"; the 周方 (Zhōufāng, “Zhou region”) was among "areas or regions along the frontier borders of Shang, traditionally regarded as enemy territory".
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
周
- to circle, to encircle
- circle, circumference, periphery
- everywhere
- 自西徂東、周爰執事。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zì xī cú dōng, zhōu yuán zhíshì. [Pinyin]
- From the west to the east, everywhere he was at work.
自西徂东、周爰执事。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- curve (in a road)
- 有杕之杜，生于道周。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǒu dì zhī dù, shēng yú dàozhōu. [Pinyin]
- There's a solitary birchleaf pear tree, that grows on the road's curve.
- complete; thorough; scrupulous; meticulous
- 子曰：「君子周而不比，小人比而不周。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
- Zǐyuē: “Jūnzǐ zhōu ér bùbǐ, xiǎorén bǐ ér bùzhōu.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said: "The gentleman is inclusive and not partial; the villain is partial and not inclusive."
子曰：“君子周而不比，小人比而不周。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to help (e.g. financially)
- 靡人不周、無不能止。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Mǐ rén bù zhōu, wú bùnéng zhǐ. [Pinyin]
- There is no one who has not helped [the people]; They have not refrained on the ground of being unable.
靡人不周、无不能止。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (historical) (～朝) Zhou Dynasty
- a surname
- 周恩來／周恩来 ― Zhōu Ēnlái ― Zhou Enlai / Chou En-Lai (the first Premier of the People's Republic of China)
DescendantsEdit
See alsoEdit
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 周
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ReferencesEdit
- ^ Schwartz, A. (2019) The Oracle Bone Inscriptions from Huayuanzhuang East: Translated with an Introduction and Commentary, Boston, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, DOI:, →ISBN
- ^ Lin, Sen-Shou. 1995. “Problems in the Studies of Zhou Oracle-Bone Scripts.” Retrospective Theses and Dissertations, 1919-2007. T, University of British Columbia. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.14288/1.0098998.
- ^ Hargett, James (2021), “Anchors of Stability: Place-Names in Early China”, in Mair, Victor, editor, Sino-Platonic Papers, issue 312
Etymology 2Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 周 – see 週 (“week; circumference; etc.”). (This character, 周, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 週.) |
Notes:
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Usage notesEdit
This variant form is the name of the second tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌇), as listed in the ancient text.
ReferencesEdit
- “周”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00559
JapaneseEdit
| Shinjitai | 周 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
周 周or 周+ ︀?
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| 周󠄀 周+ 󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 周󠄃 周+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
KanjiEdit
周
(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 周)
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: しゅ (shu)←しゆ (syu, historical); す (su)
- Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)←しう (siu, historical)
- Kun: まわり (mawari, 周り, Jōyō)←まはり (mafari, historical); あまねく (amaneku, 周く); あまねし (amaneshi, 周し); めぐる (meguru, 周る)
- Nanori: あまね (amane); あまねし (amaneshi); いたる (itaru); かた (kata); かぬ (kanu); かね (kane); ただ (tada); ちか (chika); ちかし (chikashi); なり (nari); のり (nori); ひろし (hiroshi); まこと (makoto)
CompoundsEdit
EtymologyEdit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 周 |
| しゅう Grade: 4 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 周 (MC t͡ɕɨu).
PronunciationEdit
CounterEdit
Proper nounEdit
Proper nounEdit
- a male given name
Proper nounEdit
- a male given name
- 西周
- Nishi Amane
- Nishi Amane (Meiji period philosopher)
- 西周
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
CompoundsEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
周: Hán Việt readings: chu[1][2], châu[3]
周: Nôm readings: chu[1][4][5], châu[1][5]
Usage notesEdit
Chu is the original Hán-Việt reading of this character and related ones according to Thiều Chửu. However, naming taboos for Nguyễn Phúc Chu (阮福淍) led to the reading Châu being used instead for this character, especially in the south of Vietnam, based on a tradition of u/âu sound swaps. Currently, both readings are in use. [6]
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
- ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
- ^ Nguyễn (2014).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Trần (2004).
- ^ Thiếu Khanh (2019-07-07), “Những từ “kỵ húy” của người Nam bộ”, in Nhạc Xưa Thời Báo[2]