ゆ
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Japanese edit
Stroke order | |||
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Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 由 in the cursive sōsho style.
Syllable edit
- The hiragana syllable ゆ (yu). Its equivalent in katakana is ユ (yu). It is the thirty-seventh syllable in the gojūon order; its position is や行う段 (ya-gyō u-dan, “row ya, section u”).
See also edit
- (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こ𛄲 (𛄲)ご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, 𛀆, ゆゅ, 𛀁, よょ, らら゚, りり゚, るる゚, れれ゚, ろろ゚, わゎわ゙, ゐ𛅐 (𛅐)ゐ゙, 𛄟 (𛄟), ゑ𛅑 (𛅑)ゑ゙, を𛅒 (𛅒)を゙, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ
Etymology 2 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of ゆ – see the following entries. | ||
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(This term, ゆ, is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as ゆ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as ゆ.) |
(The following entries are uncreated: 遊, 由, 油, 喩, 愉, 諭, 輸, 癒, 諛.)
Etymology 3 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of ゆ – see the following entries. | ||
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(This term, ゆ, is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as ゆ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as ゆ.) |
Etymology 4 edit
From Old Japanese.
Suffix edit
- (Classical Japanese) attaches to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of verbs
- expresses passiveness
- expresses possibility
- expresses natural, spontaneous occurrence
Conjugation edit
Stem forms | |||
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Irrealis (未然形) | え | え | -e |
Continuative (連用形) | え | え | -e |
Terminal (終止形) | ゆ | ゆ | -yu |
Attributive (連体形) | ゆる | ゆる | -yuru |
Realis (已然形) | ゆれ | ゆれ | -yure |
Imperative (命令形) | えよ | えよ | -eyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | えず | えず | -ezu |
Contrasting conjunction | ゆれど | ゆれど | -yuredo |
Causal conjunction | ゆれば | ゆれば | -yureba |
Conditional conjunction | えば | えば | -eba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | えき | えき | -eki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | えけり | えけり | -ekeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | えつ | えつ | -etu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | えぬ | えぬ | -enu |
Perfect-continuative tense | えたり | えたり | -etari |
Volitional | えむ | えむ | -emu |
Derived terms edit
Okinawan edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *wo, from Proto-Japonic *wo.
Cognate with standard Japanese を (wo).
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
ゆ (yu)
- (archaic, literary, with transitive verb) accusative case particle
- 誰ゆ恨みとぅてぃ鳴ちゅが浜千鳥。
- Taru-yu uramituti nachuga hamachiduri.
- Who do you hate when you sing, the plover on the beach?
- 誰ゆ恨みとぅてぃ鳴ちゅが浜千鳥。
- (archaic, literary, with intransitive verb) away from, off
- (archaic, literary, with intransitive verb) along, following a specified route, track, orbit, etc.
Usage notes edit
In modern Okinawan parlance this accusative particle is simply omitted from direct objects and the like, turning the language into a marked nominative language.
References edit
Old Japanese edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative spelling |
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所 |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix edit
ゆ (-yu)
- attaches to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of verbs
- expresses passiveness
- expresses possibility
- expresses natural, spontaneous occurrence
Usage notes edit
- The alternative kanji spelling of this verb suffix derives from Middle Chinese 所 (ʃɨʌX), a prefix attached to verbs to form noun phrases, indicating the patient of the verb, similar to a passive participle. In writing, this is used prefixally as in Chinese, by adding it before the kanji of the verb. The resulting compound is read as the irrealis stem of the verb plus the terminal ゆ (yu) or attributive ゆる (yuru), depending on the grammar required by the syntax. Examples are 所謂 (ipayuru), 所念 (omopoyu), 所見 (mi1yu), 所聞 (ki1ko2yu), 所知 (sirayu).
Conjugation edit
Stem forms | |||
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Irrealis (未然形) | 𛀁 | 𛀁 | -ye |
Continuative (連用形) | 𛀁 | 𛀁 | -ye |
Terminal (終止形) | ゆ | ゆ | -yu |
Attributive (連体形) | ゆる | ゆる | -yuru |
Realis (已然形) | ゆれ | ゆれ | -yure |
Imperative (命令形) | 𛀁よ | 𛀁よ | -yeyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 𛀁ず | 𛀁ず | -yezu |
Contrasting conjunction | ゆれど | ゆれど | -yuredo |
Causal conjunction | ゆれば | ゆれば | -yureba |
Conditional conjunction | 𛀁ば | 𛀁ば | -yeba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 𛀁き | 𛀁き | -yeki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 𛀁けり | 𛀁けり | -yekeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 𛀁つ | 𛀁つ | -yetu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 𛀁ぬ | 𛀁ぬ | -yenu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 𛀁たり | 𛀁たり | -yetari |
Volitional | 𛀁む | 𛀁む | -yemu |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Particle edit
ゆ (yu)
Derived terms edit
- ゆり (yuri)
Descendants edit
- Japanese: より (yori)
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
ゆ (yu)
- 湯: hot water, hot spring