杈

杈 U+6748, 杈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6748 ← 杇 [U+6747] CJK Unified Ideographs 杉 → [U+6749]

Translingual

Han character

杈 (radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木水戈 (DEI), four-corner 4794₀, composition ⿰木叉)

1. branch of a tree

References

• KangXi: page 511, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14451
• Dae Jaweon: page 895, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1163, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6748

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		杈
alternative forms		叉 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (叉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
叉	*sʰraːl, *sʰreːl
杈	*sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːls
靫	*sʰraːl, *sʰreːl
汊	*sʰraːls
衩	*sʰraːls, *sʰreːls
扠	*hr'eːl
釵	*sʰreːl
芆	*sʰreːl
訍	*sʰreːls

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chā (cha¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caa¹, caa³
• Min Nan (POJ): chha / chhe / chhee

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: chā
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻa1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cha
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cha
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: caa¹, caa³
    • Yale: chā, cha
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaa¹, tsaa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ca¹, ca³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰäː⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰäː³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chha
    • Tâi-lô: tsha
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhaf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰa³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
    • Tâi-lô: tshe
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhee
    • Tâi-lô: tshee
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/

Note:

• chha - literary;
• chhe/chhee - vernacular.

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃʰˠa/, /t͡ʃʰˠɛ^H/

Rime
Character	杈	杈
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	初加切	楚懈切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠa/	/t͡ʃʰˠɛH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚa/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨ/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨjH/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰɛH/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰaiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰa/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chā	chài

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːl/, /*sʰraːls/, /*sʰreːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杈	杈	杈
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	1176	1179	1187
Phonetic component	叉	叉	叉
Rime group	歌	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	叉		差
Old Chinese	/*sʰraːl/	/*sʰraːls/	/*sʰreːls/

Definitions

杈

1. pitchfork

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chà, chā

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚˋ, ㄔㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caa¹, caa³
• Jin (Wiktionary): ca³
• Min Nan (POJ): chha / chhe / chhee

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: chà
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˋ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻa4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chah
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chà
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: chā
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻa1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cha
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cha
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: caa¹, caa³
    • Yale: chā, cha
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaa¹, tsaa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ca¹, ca³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰäː⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰäː³³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ca³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰa⁴⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chha
    • Tâi-lô: tsha
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhaf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰa³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
    • Tâi-lô: tshe
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhee
    • Tâi-lô: tshee
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/

Note:

• chha - literary;
• chhe/chhee - vernacular.

---

• Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃʰˠa/, /t͡ʃʰˠɛ^H/

Rime
Character	杈	杈
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	初加切	楚懈切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠa/	/t͡ʃʰˠɛH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚa/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨ/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨjH/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰɛH/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰaiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰa/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chā	chài

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːl/, /*sʰraːls/, /*sʰreːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杈	杈	杈
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	1176	1179	1187
Phonetic component	叉	叉	叉
Rime group	歌	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	叉		差
Old Chinese	/*sʰraːl/	/*sʰraːls/	/*sʰreːls/

Definitions

杈

1. fork of a tree

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Japanese

Kanji

杈

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. fork of a tree
2. pitchfork

Readings

• On (unclassified): さ (sa); しゃ (sha); さい (sai)
• Kun: えだ (eda)

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Korean

Hanja

杈 (eum 차 (cha))

1. 가지: branch

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Vietnamese

Han character

杈: Hán Nôm readings: soa, xà, xoa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation