差
|
Translingual
editJapanese | 差 |
---|---|
Simplified | 差 |
Traditional | 差 |
Alternative forms
editNote that the character in simplified Chinese has 9 strokes. Simplified from 差 (𦍌丿 → ⺶)
Han character
edit差 (Kangxi radical 48, 工+7 in traditional Chinese, 工+6 in simplified Chinese, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese, 9 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 廿手一 (TQM), four-corner 80211, composition ⿱𦍌⿰丿工(HTJK) or ⿸⺶工(GV))
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 326, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8732
- Dae Jaweon: page 629, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 413, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5DEE
Chinese
edittrad. | 差 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 差 | |
alternative forms | 荖 𢀩 𢀠 𢀞 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 差 | ||
---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
左 | *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls |
佐 | *ʔsaːls |
袏 | *ʔslaːls |
蹉 | *sʰlaːl |
瑳 | *sʰlaːl, *sʰlaːlʔ |
搓 | *sʰlaːl |
磋 | *sʰlaːl |
溠 | *sʰlaːl, *sraːl, *ʔsraːls |
傞 | *sʰlaːl, *slaːl |
醝 | *zlaːl |
瘥 | *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *sʰreːls |
鹺 | *zlaːl |
嵯 | *zlaːl, *sʰral |
嵳 | *zlaːl |
蒫 | *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *ʔslɯl |
艖 | *zlaːl, *sʰraːl |
齹 | *zlaːl, *sʰral, *zral |
縒 | *slaːlʔ, *sʰral, *sʰlaːɡ |
褨 | *slaːlʔ |
嗟 | *ʔsljal |
差 | *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral |
鎈 | *sʰraːl |
槎 | *zraːl, *zraːlʔ |
髊 | *zlals |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 來 (“wheat”) + 𠂇 (“left hand”) – to hull wheat by rubbing grains inside hands. Original form of 搓 (OC *sʰlaːl, “to rub with hands; to scrub; to twist”).
工 or 口 was later added under 𠂇 to form 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls, “left”), which is also this character's phonetic component.
Pronunciation 1
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): chă
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsho
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cha
- Wade–Giles: chʻa1
- Yale: chā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cha
- Palladius: ча (ča)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chà
- Wade–Giles: chʻa4
- Yale: chà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chah
- Palladius: ча (ča)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- chā - literary (“to differ; mistake; (maths) difference; barely”);
- chà - colloquial (“to differ; wrong; inferior; to be short of; to owe”).
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caa1
- Yale: chā
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaa1
- Guangdong Romanization: ca1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ca1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰa³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâ
- Hakka Romanization System: caˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ca1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chă
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰa⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsrhae, tsrhea
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsʰraj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːls/, /*sʰreːl/
Definitions
edit差
- to differ from; to be different; dissimilar; incongruous
- wrong; incorrect; erroneous
- inferior; poor; substandard
- difference; discrepancy
- mistake; wrongdoing
- (mathematics) difference
- to be short of; to fall short of
- to owe
- rather; barely; nearly; almost
- 11th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "divergence" (𝌐)
Synonyms
edit- (wrong):
- (inferior):
- 不善 (bùshàn)
- 不好
- 不妙 (bùmiào)
- 不怎麼樣/不怎么样 (bùzěnmeyàng)
- 不濟/不济 (bùjì)
- 不腆 (bùtiǎn) (Classical Chinese, self-deprecatory)
- 了丁 (Min Nan)
- 低下 (dīxià)
- 低劣 (dīliè)
- 低路 (Min Nan)
- 劣 (literary, or in compounds)
- 垃圾 (lājī) (colloquial)
- 屎 (Cantonese)
- 差勁/差劲 (chàjìn) (colloquial)
- 差氣/差气 (Hokkien)
- 拙劣 (zhuōliè)
- 推扳 (1the-pe) (Shanghainese)
- 梢跤 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 梢跤軟蹄/梢跤软蹄 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 梢蹬 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 欠佳 (qiànjiā)
- 水皮 (seoi2 pei4) (Cantonese)
- 潮 (cháo) (colloquial, of quality or technique)
- 無良/无良 (wúliáng) (formal)
- 破 (pò) (colloquial)
- 跤梢 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 蹩腳/蹩脚 (biéjiǎo)
- 鄙劣 (bǐliè) (literary)
Compounds
edit- 一丈差九尺 (yīzhàngchājiǔchǐ)
- 一字不差
- 一差二誤/一差二误 (yīchā'èrwù)
- 一差二錯/一差二错 (yīchā'èrcuò)
- 一差半錯/一差半错 (yīchābàncuò)
- 一念之差 (yīniànzhīchā)
- 三差五錯/三差五错
- 三差兩錯/三差两错
- 不差
- 不差不錯/不差不错
- 不差什麼/不差什么
- 不差毫釐
- 不差毫髮/不差毫发
- 不差累黍 (bùchālěishǔ)
- 個別差異/个别差异
- 偏差 (piānchā)
- 偏差理論/偏差理论
- 偏差者
- 偏差行為/偏差行为
- 光差
- 光行差
- 兩性差異/两性差异
- 公差
- 出差錯/出差错
- 分毫不差
- 千差萬別/千差万别 (qiānchā-wànbié)
- 千差萬差,來人不差/千差万差,来人不差
- 反差 (fǎnchā)
- 周年視差/周年视差
- 外合裡差/外合里差
- 天差地別/天差地别 (tiānchādìbié)
- 天差地遠/天差地远 (tiānchādìyuǎn)
- 失之毫釐,差之千里
- 失之毫釐,差以千里
- 官差吏差,來人不差/官差吏差,来人不差
- 少差
- 差一點兒/差一点儿
- 差三錯四/差三错四
- 差不上下
- 差不多 (chàbuduō)
- 差不離/差不离 (chàbùlí)
- 差之毫釐,失之千里
- 差之毫釐,繆以千里
- 差事
- 差人
- 差以毫釐,失之千里 (chāyǐháolí, shīzhīqiānlǐ)
- 差以豪釐,謬以千里
- 差價/差价 (chājià)
- 差分 (chāfēn)
- 差別/差别 (chābié)
- 差別待遇/差别待遇
- 差勁/差劲 (chàjìn)
- 差動滑車/差动滑车
- 差半車麥秸/差半车麦秸
- 差可 (chākě)
- 差失 (chāshī)
- 差強人意/差强人意
- 差忒
- 差惡/差恶
- 差數/差数 (chāshù)
- 差次
- 差池
- 差爭/差争
- 差異/差异 (chāyì)
- 差異法/差异法
- 差眼
- 差等 (cīděng)
- 差聲兒/差声儿
- 差若豪釐,繆以千里
- 差號/差号
- 差越
- 差距 (chājù)
- 差迭
- 差速齒輪/差速齿轮
- 差遲/差迟
- 差配兒/差配儿
- 差錯/差错 (chācuò)
- 差額/差额 (chā'é)
- 差額選舉/差额选举 (chā'é xuǎnjǔ)
- 差點兒/差点儿 (chàdiǎnr)
- 差點沒/差点没 (chàdiǎn méi)
- 平均時差/平均时差
- 時差/时差 (shíchā)
- 時間差攻擊/时间差攻击
- 東差西誤/东差西误
- 歲差/岁差 (suìchā)
- 毫釐之差
- 毫髮不差/毫发不差
- 海洋溫差發電/海洋温差发电
- 溫差/温差 (wēnchā)
- 潮差 (cháochā)
- 爭差/争差
- 相差 (xiāngchà)
- 相差無幾/相差无几
- 視差/视差 (shìchā)
- 萬別千差/万别千差
- 秒差距 (miǎochājù)
- 等差 (děngchà)
- 等差級數/等差级数
- 絲毫不差/丝毫不差
- 色差 (sèchā)
- 落差 (luòchā)
- 言差語錯/言差语错
- 話差/话差
- 誤差/误差 (wùchā)
- 語意差別量表/语意差别量表
- 貧富差距/贫富差距 (pínfù chājù)
- 貿易差額/贸易差额
- 貿易逆差/贸易逆差
- 貿易順差/贸易顺差 (màoyì shùnchā)
- 踏差 (ta̍h-chha) (Min Nan)
- 逆差 (nìchā)
- 陰差陽錯/阴差阳错 (yīnchāyángcuò)
- 陰錯陽差/阴错阳差
- 隔三差五 (gésānchàwǔ)
- 雙差/双差
- 順差/顺差 (shùnchā)
Pronunciation 2
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): caai1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhâi
- Eastern Min (BUC): chă̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsha
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄞ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chai
- Wade–Giles: chʻai1
- Yale: chāi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chai
- Palladius: чай (čaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цэ (ce, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caai1
- Yale: chāai
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai1
- Guangdong Romanization: cai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâi
- Hakka Romanization System: caiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cai1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chă̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
- Tâi-lô: tshe
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhee
- Tâi-lô: tshee
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- chhe/chhee - vernacular;
- chhai - literary.
- Middle Chinese: tsrheaj
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]raj/, /*[tsʰ](ˤ)raj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːl/
Definitions
edit差
- to dispatch; to assign; to send on an errand
- to select; to choose
- (historical) runner; courier; envoy; messenger
- (historical) corvée
- errand; task
Compounds
edit- 丁差
- 交差 (jiāochāi)
- 信差 (xìnchāi)
- 公差 (gōngchāi)
- 兼差 (jiānchāi)
- 出公差
- 出大差
- 出差 (chūchāi)
- 出差費/出差费
- 出紅差/出红差
- 到差
- 報差/报差
- 大差
- 夫差 (Fūchāi)
- 官差 (guānchāi)
- 專差/专差
- 小差事兒/小差事儿
- 差事
- 差人
- 差使
- 差佬
- 差委
- 差婆
- 差官
- 差役 (chāiyì)
- 差批
- 差排
- 差撥/差拨
- 差旅費/差旅费 (chāilǚfèi)
- 差法
- 差發/差发
- 差票
- 差置
- 差輪/差轮
- 差遣 (chāiqiǎn)
- 差錢/差钱
- 差除
- 帶俸差操/带俸差操
- 得差
- 打差
- 承差
- 押差
- 搪差使
- 撤差 (chèchāi)
- 放富差貧/放富差贫
- 欽差/钦差 (qīnchāi)
- 欽差大臣/钦差大臣 (qīnchāidàchén)
- 當差/当差 (dāngchāi)
- 當差的/当差的
- 白差使
- 皁差/皂差
- 皇帝不差餓兵/皇帝不差饿兵
- 神差鬼使
- 科差
- 緊差緊做/紧差紧做
- 考差
- 聽差/听差
- 苦差事
- 解差
- 調差/调差
- 貓兒頭差事/猫儿头差事
- 賣富差貧/卖富差贫
- 辦差/办差 (bànchāi)
- 郵差/邮差 (yóuchāi)
- 銷差/销差
- 開小差/开小差 (kāi xiǎochāi)
- 開差/开差
- 面子上的差使
- 鬼使神差
- 點差/点差
Pronunciation 3
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ci1
- Eastern Min (BUC): chĭ
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhir / chhu / chhi / chha / chhe
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tshy
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄘ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cih
- Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ1
- Yale: tsz̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsy
- Palladius: цы (cy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ci1
- Yale: chī
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsi1
- Guangdong Romanization: qi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhir
- Tâi-lô: tshir
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhu
- Tâi-lô: tshu
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhw
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sʰu⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhi
- Tâi-lô: tshi
- Phofsit Daibuun: chy
- IPA (Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chha
- Tâi-lô: tsha
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhaf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰa³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
- Tâi-lô: tshe
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsrhje
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsʰraj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰral/
Definitions
edit差
Compounds
editPronunciation 4
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄛ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cuo
- Wade–Giles: tsʻo1
- Yale: tswō
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuo
- Palladius: цо (co)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: co1
- Yale: chō
- Cantonese Pinyin: tso1
- Guangdong Romanization: co1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
edit差
Compounds
editPronunciation 5
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chài
- Wade–Giles: chʻai4
- Yale: chài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chay
- Palladius: чай (čaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caai3
- Yale: chaai
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai3
- Guangdong Romanization: cai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: tsrheaH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰreːls/
Definitions
edit差
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
editFrom Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhae); compare Mandarin 差 (chā):
From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrheaj); compare Mandarin 差 (chà):
From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhje); compare Mandarin 差 (cī):
From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhea); compare Mandarin 差 (chāi):
From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrheaH); compare Mandarin 差 (chài):
From native Japanese roots:
- Kun: さす (sasu, 差す, Jōyō); あやまつ (ayamatsu, 差つ); いえる (ieru, 差える); たがう (tagau, 差う); つかわす (tsukawasu, 差わす); やや (yaya)
Compounds
editEtymology
editKanji in this term |
---|
差 |
さ Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhje|tsrhea|tsrheaj|tsrhae|tsrheaH).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (generally) difference
- (arithmetic) difference
See also
editReferences
editKorean
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhea|tsrhae|tsrheaH).
Recorded as Middle Korean 차 (cha)訓 (Yale: cha) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
- “difference; to distinguish”
- From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhea, “to differ”).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 챙 (Yale: chay) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- “to select; to assign; to dispatch”
- From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhae, “to select”).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 창 (Yale: cha) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- “to recover from an illness”
- From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrheaH, “to recover from an illness”).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 챙〮 (Yale: cháy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰa̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [차]
Hanja
edit- hanja form? of 차 (“difference; to distinguish”)
- hanja form? of 차 (“to select; to assign; to dispatch”)
- hanja form? of 차 (“to recover from an illness”)
- 쾌차 (快差) ― kwaecha ― complete recovery from an illness
Compounds
edit- 차이 (差異, chai)
- 차별 (差別, chabyeol)
- 차등 (差等, chadeung)
- 차익 (差益, chaik)
- 차액 (差額, chaaek)
- 차도 (差度, chado)
- 격차 (隔差, gyeokcha)
- 낙차 (落差, nakcha)
- 오차 (誤差, ocha)
- 시차 (時差, sicha)
- 차출 (差出, chachul)
- 차입 (差入, chaip)
- 쾌차 (快差, kwaecha)
- 차분 (差分, chabun)
- 편차 (偏差, pyeoncha)
- 차감 (差減, chagam)
- 차사 (差使, chasa)
- 차비 (差備, chabi)
- 경차 (經差, gyeongcha)
- 개인차 (個人差, gaeincha)
- 세대차 (世代差, sedaecha)
Etymology 2
editFrom Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhje, “uneven”).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 칑 (Yale: chuy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 치 (chi)訓 (Yale: chi) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰi]
- Phonetic hangul: [치]
Hanja
edit差 (eumhun 어긋날 치 (eogeunnal chi))
Compounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit差: Hán Nôm readings: sai, sái, si, sươi, sau, sây, soa
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading せ
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading あやま・つ
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