Wiktionary

初

初 U+521D, 初
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-521D
← 刜
[U+521C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 刞 →
[U+521E]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

初 (radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 中尸竹 (LSH), four-corner 37220, composition ⿰衤刀)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 137, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1911
  • Dae Jaweon: page 310, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 327, character 22
  • Unihan data for U+521D

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 初
alternative forms
 
𥘉
𥝢
𠜆
𫢈
𢀯
𢀰
𡔈
䥚
𠫎
𣦂

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 初
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 衤 (“clothes”) + 刀 (“knife; to cut”) – start making clothes by cutting the cloth.

The various 𢀰-shaped glyphs are or are evolved from Zetian characters.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • chhoe/chhe - vernacular;
  • chho͘ - literary.
  • Wu
    Rime
    Character 初
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 初 (19)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 楚居切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡ʃʰɨʌ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʈ͡ʂʰiɔ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡ʃʰiɔ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡ʃʰiɔ/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡ʃʰĭo/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯wo/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		chū
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 初
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		chū
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tsrhjo ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ts]ʰra/
    English beginning

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 初
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 1589
    Phonetic
    component         		初
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		初
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sʰra/

    DefinitionsEdit

    初

    1. initial; inceptive
    2. original; first; primary
    3. elementary; basic
    4. beginning; start
    5. initially; originally

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 初

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    初

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. beginning, start, first

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived termsEdit

    See alsoEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    初
    うい
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese.

    upi > uɸi > uwi > ui.

    NounEdit

    初(うい) • (ui)  (historical kana うひ)

    1. the first; a start

    PrefixEdit

    初(うい) • (ui-)  (historical kana うひ)

    1. first

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    初
    はつ
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū completed 759 CE.[1] In turn, from Proto-Japonic *patu.

    Presumably related to 初め (hajime, “beginning”), 端 (ha, “edge of something”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    初(はつ) • (hatsu) 

    1. the first, a start, the beginning
      今年(ことし)初(はつ)のコンサート
      kotoshi hatsu no konsāto
      the first concert of this year
      Antonym: 末 (sue) (last, end)
    2. first sexual relations, one's first time

    PrefixEdit

    初(はつ) • (hatsu-) 

    1. first

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    初
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    From 始め (hajime, “beginning, first”).

    Proper nounEdit

    初(はじめ) • (Hajime) 

    1. A male given name

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    初 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    初: Hán Việt readings: sơ (楚(sở)徂(tồ)切(thiết))[3][4][5]
    初: Nôm readings: xưa[3][4][5][6][7], sơ[3][4][5][7], xơ[3][4][5], thơ[3][5][6], sờ[3]

    1. Hán tự form of sơ (“in the initial stage; primary; elementary”).
    2. Nôm form of xưa (“old; ancient; a long time ago”).

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4516), text here
    2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Nguyễn (2014).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Trần (2004).
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hồ (1976).
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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