初
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
初 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 中尸竹 (LSH), four-corner 37220, composition ⿰衤刀)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 137, character 33
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1911
- Dae Jaweon: page 310, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 327, character 22
- Unihan data for U+521D
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
初 | |
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alternative forms |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 初 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意): 衤 (“clothes”) + 刀 (“knife; to cut”) – start making clothes by cutting the cloth.
The various 𢀰-shaped glyphs are or are evolved from Zetian characters.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
初
- initial; inceptive
- 初夏 ― chūxià ― early summer
- first
- original
- 初衷 ― chūzhōng ― one’s initial intention; original idea
- elementary; basic
- beginning; start
- just
CompoundsEdit
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JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: そ (so)
- Kan-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)
- Kun: はじめ (hajime, 初め, Jōyō); はじめて (hajimete, 初めて, Jōyō); はつ (hatsu, 初, Jōyō); うい (ui, 初, Jōyō)←うひ (ufi, historical); そめる (someru, 初める, Jōyō); うぶ (ubu, 初)
- Nanori: し (shi); もと (moto)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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初 |
はつ Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
⟨patu⟩ → /ɸat͡su/ → /hat͡su/
From Old Japanese.
Possible cognates include 始め (hajime, “beginning”) and 端 (ha, “edge of something”).
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
- a first, start, a beginning
- Antonym: 末 (sue)
- (slang) first sexual relations, one's first time
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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初 |
うい Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
/uɸi/ → /uwi/ → /ui/
Possibly cognate with 上 (ue, “above”) or classical verb 生ふ (ou, “to grow”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
PrefixEdit
- the first...
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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初 |
うぶ Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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初心 |
From stem up- cognate with ui (historical uhi) above. Cause of the shift in voicing is uncertain. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
初 • (ubu) -na (adnominal 初な (ubu na), adverbial 初に (ubu ni))
InflectionEdit
Stem forms | |||
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Imperfective (未然形) | 初だろ | うぶだろ | ubu daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 初で | うぶで | ubu de |
Terminal (終止形) | 初だ | うぶだ | ubu da |
Attributive (連体形) | 初な | うぶな | ubu na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 初なら | うぶなら | ubu nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 初であれ | うぶであれ | ubu de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 初ではない 初じゃない |
うぶではない うぶじゃない |
ubu de wa nai ubu ja nai |
Informal past | 初だった | うぶだった | ubu datta |
Informal negative past | 初ではなかった 初じゃなかった |
うぶではなかった うぶじゃなかった |
ubu de wa nakatta ubu ja nakatta |
Formal | 初です | うぶです | ubu desu |
Formal negative | 初ではありません 初じゃありません |
うぶではありません うぶじゃありません |
ubu de wa arimasen ubu ja arimasen |
Formal past | 初でした | うぶでした | ubu deshita |
Formal negative past | 初ではありませんでした 初じゃありませんでした |
うぶではありませんでした うぶじゃありませんでした |
ubu de wa arimasen deshita ubu ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 初で | うぶで | ubu de |
Conditional | 初なら(ば) | うぶなら(ば) | ubu nara (ba) |
Provisional | 初だったら | うぶだったら | ubu dattara |
Volitional | 初だろう | うぶだろう | ubu darō |
Adverbial | 初に | うぶに | ubu ni |
Degree | 初さ | うぶさ | ubusa |
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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初 |
しょ Grade: 4 |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 初 (MC t͡ʃʰɨʌ).
AffixEdit
Derived termsEdit
- 初夏 (shoka)
- 初学 (shogaku)
- 初期 (shoki)
- 初級 (shokyū)
- 初月 (shogetsu)
- 初見 (shoken)
- 初婚 (shokon)
- 初春 (shoshun)
- 初秋 (shoshū)
- 初心 (shoshin)
- 初速度 (shosokudo)
- 初代 (shodai)
- 初対面 (shotaimen)
- 初冬 (shotō)
- 初頭 (shotō)
- 初七日 (shonanuka), 初七日 (shonanoka)
- 初乳 (shonyū)
- 初任 (shonin)
- 初歩 (shoho)
- 最初 (saisho)
- 太初 (taisho)
- 当初 (tōsho)
- 年初 (nensho)
Etymology 5Edit
Kanji in this term |
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初 |
そ(め) > ぞ(め) Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 初 – see 初め. (This term, 初, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
(The following entry is uncreated: 初め.)
Etymology 6Edit
Kanji in this term |
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初 |
はじ(め) Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
Nominalization of 始め (hajime, “beginning, first”).
Proper nounEdit
- a male given name
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
初 (eumhun 처음 초 (cheo'eum cho))
CompoundsEdit
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *patu.
Cognate with Japanese 初 (hatsu-).
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
初 (hiragana はち, rōmaji hachi-)
Derived termsEdit
Old JapaneseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Japonic *patu.
Possible cognates include 始め (pazime, “beginning”), 僅か (patuka, “faint”), and 端 (pa, “edge of something”).
PrefixEdit
初 (patu-) (kana はつ)
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Japanese: 初 (hatsu-)
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
初: Hán Việt readings: sơ (
初: Nôm readings: xưa[1][2][3][4][5], sơ[1][2][3][5], xơ[1][2][3], thơ[1][3][4], sờ[1]
- chữ Hán form of sơ (“in the initial stage; primary; elementary”).
- Nôm form of xưa (“old; ancient; a long time ago”).