杉

See also: 衫

杉 U+6749, 杉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6749 ← 杈 [U+6748] CJK Unified Ideographs 杊 → [U+674A]

Translingual

Han character

杉 (radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木竹竹竹 (DHHH), four-corner 4292₂, composition ⿰木彡)

References

• KangXi: page 511, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14452
• Dae Jaweon: page 895, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1161, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6749

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		杉
alternative forms		檆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (彡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
杉	*sreːm
彡	*sroːm, *slom
衫	*sroːm
髟	*priw, *piw, *sroːm
釤	*sraːms
䑣	*l̥ʰun
彤	*l'uːŋ
浵	*l'uːŋ
肜	*luŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sreːm): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shān, shā (shan¹, sha¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ, ㄕㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caam³, saam¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chham
• Jin (Wiktionary): san¹
• Min Bei (KCR): sáng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): sam

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sam¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): se (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: shān
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ
    • Wade–Giles: shan1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shan
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: shā
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ
    • Wade–Giles: sha1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sha
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: caam³, saam¹
    • Yale: chaam, sāam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam³, saam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cam³, sam¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰäːm³³/, /säːm⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chham
    • Hakka Romanization System: cam
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cam⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰam⁵⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: san¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /sæ̃¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sam
    • Tâi-lô: sam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: safm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sam³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sam⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sam¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sam
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sam³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: se (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /se̞⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʃˠɛm/

Rime
Character	杉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	所咸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛm/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæm/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃɐm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨm/
Li Rong	/ʃɐm/
Wang Li	/ʃɐm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sreːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杉
Reading #	1/1
No.	11042
Phonetic component	彡
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	攕
Old Chinese	/*sreːm/
Notes	同檆，三國後俗體

Definitions

杉

1. various species of pine and fir
2. used in transliteration

Compounds

• 冷杉 (lěngshān)
• 杉嶺／杉岭
• 杉木
• 杉林 (Shānlín)
• 杉林溪
• 杉篙

• 杉關／杉关
• 柳杉
• 水杉 (shuǐshān)
• 油杉
• 洛杉磯／洛杉矶 (Luòshānjī)
• 紅杉／红杉

• 紅杉軍／红杉军
• 紫杉 (zǐshān)
• 貝殼杉／贝壳杉
• 鐵杉／铁杉
• 雲杉／云杉 (yúnshān)

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Japanese

Kanji

杉

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: せん (sen)^{←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: さん (san)^{←さん (san, historical)←さむ (samu, ancient)}
• Kun: すぎ (sugi, 杉, Jōyō)

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) すぎ [sùgí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [sɨᵝɡʲi]

Noun

杉(すぎ) • (sugi) 

1. a Japanese cedar; a cryptomeria

Proper noun

杉(すぎ) • (Sugi) 

1. A surname​.

Suffix

杉(すぎ) • (-sugi) 

1. (Internet slang, dated) Alternative spelling of すぎ (“excessively, form of すぎる”)

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Korean

Hanja

杉 • (sam) (hangeul 삼, revised sam, McCune–Reischauer sam, Yale sam)

1. (삼나무): Japanese cedar (cryptomeria)

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Vietnamese

Han character

杉: Hán Nôm readings: sam, trinh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation