至那

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (至那)		至	那

Etymology

From Sanskrit चीन (cīna).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Zhìnà

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄋㄚˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Zhìnà
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄋㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Jhìhnà
    • Wade–Giles: Chih⁴-na⁴
    • Yale: Jr̀-nà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jyhnah
    • Palladius: Чжина (Čžina)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyijH na

Rime
Character	至	那
Reading #	1/1	1/3
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	脂利切	諾何切
Baxter	tsyijH	na
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪH/	/nɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiH/	/nɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjɪH/	/nɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciH/	/na/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiH/	/nɑ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕiH/	/nɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕiH/	/nɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì	nuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi3	no4

Proper noun

至那

1. (obsolete, Buddhism) Alternative form of 支那 (Zhīnà, “China”)

Usage notes

Unlike 支那 (Zhīnà), this term is neutral and no longer in use.

Synonyms

• 中 (abbreviation)
• 中原 (Zhōngyuán)
• 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó)
• 中華／中华 (Zhōnghuá)
• 九州 (Jiǔzhōu)
• 唐山 (Tángshān)
• 域中 (yùzhōng) (literary, figurative)
• 天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
• 天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
• 支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
• 桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
• 猜拿 (Cāiná) (transliteration of English China)
• 神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
• 種花家／种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
• 脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)
• 至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
• 華／华 (abbreviation)
• 華夏／华夏 (Huáxià)
• 諸夏／诸夏 (Zhūxià)
• 諸華／诸华 (Zhūhuá)
• 赤縣／赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
• 赤縣神州／赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)
• 震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)

 

Derived terms

• 摩訶至那／摩诃至那

 

Related terms

• 震旦 (Zhèndàn)

References

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “支那” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].