U+5229, 利
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5229

[U+5228]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+522A]
U+F9DD, 利
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9DD

[U+F9DC]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F9DE]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 18, +5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中弓 (HDLN), four-corner 22900, composition )

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 138, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1932
  • Dae Jaweon: page 313, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 329, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5229

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意): (grain) + (knife) – to reap grain () with a knife ().

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ri:t (to reap, scrape, shave, cut, sever) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007); cognate to Mizo rîit (to scrap with a hoe), Western Gurung [script needed] (wriqba, to scratch), Burmese ရိတ် (rit, to cut, reap, mow shave).

Pronunciation 1 edit


Note: lê - sense “sharp” only.
Note:
  • lāi - vernacular;
  • lī - literary.
Note:
  • li6 - literary;
  • lai7 - vernacular.
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (37)
    Final () (15)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter lijH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /liɪH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /liH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ljɪH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /liH/
    Li
    Rong
    /liH/
    Wang
    Li
    /liH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /liH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    lei6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ lijH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*C.ri[t]-s/
    English sharp; profit

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7898
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*rids/

    Definitions edit

    1. benefit; advantage
    2. profit
      多銷多销  ―  duōxiāo  ―  small profits but quick returns
    3. (finance) interest
        ―  gāodài  ―  usury; high-interest loan
    4. to benefit; to be beneficial to
    5. favourable; successful
    6. sharp; sharp-edged
    7. a surname
      [Cantonese]  ―  lei6 hei1 san6 [Jyutping]  ―  Lee Hysan (Hong Kong opium merchant)

    Synonyms edit

    Descendants edit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (ri)
    • Korean: /(利) (ri/i)
    • Vietnamese: lợi ()

    Others:

    Pronunciation 2 edit


    Definitions edit

    1. Used in 利市 (“red packets”).
    2. (Cantonese) Used in 老利 (lou5 lai6-2).

    Compounds edit

    Further reading edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. profit, benefit

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Etymology edit

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese (lijH, profit).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    () (ri

    1. profit, benefit, advantage

    Antonyms edit

    Verb edit

    ()する (ri surusuru (stem () (ri shi), past ()した (ri shita))

    1. to benefit

    Conjugation edit

    References edit

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 이로울 (iroul ri), South Korea 이로울 (iroul i))

    1. Hanja form? of (benefit).

    Compounds edit

    Old Korean edit

    Alternative forms edit

    • (*-i) (gugyeol abbreviation)
    • (*-i)
    • (*-i) (semantically adapted phonogram, potential variant)

    Particle edit

    (*-i)

    1. and (connecting particle for nouns)
      • mid-6th century, Wooden Tablet #221 from Seongsan Sanseong, Haman:
        人嗚
        many people [lit. people and people] lamented
      • c. 965, 均如 (Gyunyeo), “隨喜功德歌 (Suhuigongdeok-ga)”, in 均如傳 (Gyunyeo-jeon):
        衆生毛叱所只
        so that there is no [more] "Buddha and the sentient beings"
      • 10th century, Interpretive jeomto gugyeol glosses to Volume 20 of the Jinbon Avatamsaka Sutra:
        一切諸佛菩薩
        Each and every Buddha and bodhisattva

    Usage notes edit

    (*-i) was used to denote particularly intimate connections between nouns, compared to (*-kwa) which had a more general use. The particle was totally extinct by the fifteenth century, and has no known Middle Korean reflex.

    The sixth-century attestation given above is the reading of the tablet by linguist Lee Seungjae, who is the only person so far to have interpreted the text. It is possible that future interpreters will analyze differently.

    See also edit

    • (*-kwa, and; with, comitative case marker)

    References edit

    • 박진호 (Bak Jin-ho) (2007), “Hyangga haedok-gwa gugeo munbeopsa [Hyangga interpretations and the history of Korean grammar]”, in Gugeohak, volume 51, pages 313–338
    • 이승재 (Lee Seungjae) (2017) Mokgan-e girokdoen Godae Han'gugeo [The Old Korean Language Inscribed on Wooden Tablets)], Ilchogak, →ISBN

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Việt readings: lợi[1][2][3]
    : Nôm readings: lời[1][2][3][4], lợi[1][2][3], rời[1][2], rơi[1], ráy[1], [3], rị, lệ

    1. chữ Hán form of lợi (profit).
    2. Nôm form of lời (profit; interest).

    References edit