利

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

利 (radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中弓 (HDLN), four-corner 2290₀, composition ⿰禾刂)

Derived charactersEdit

痢悧梨

DescendantsEdit

り
リ

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 138, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1932
Dae Jaweon: page 313, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 329, character 2
Unihan data for U+5229

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		利

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 利
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
犂
黎	*riːl
莉	riːl, r'il, *r'i
黧	*riːl
鯬	riːl, ril
筣	riːl, ri
蔾	riːl, ril
藜	*riːl
邌	*riːl
瓈	*riːl
鵹	*rel
棃	*ril
梨	*ril
蟍	*ril
蜊	*ril
鑗	*ril
利	*rids
痢	*rids
浰	*riːns

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 禾 (“grain”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to reap grain (禾) with a knife (刀).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ri:t (“to reap, scrape, shave, cut, sever”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007); cognate to Mizo rîit (“to scrap with a hoe”), Western Gurung [script needed] (wriqba, “to scratch”), Burmese ရိတ် (rit, “to cut, reap, mow shave”)

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lei⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): li
Min Dong (BUC): lé / lê
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lāi / lī

(Teochew, Peng'im): li⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): li (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: lih⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lei⁶
  - Yale: leih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: léi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lei̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li
  - Hakka Romanization System: li
  - Hagfa Pinyim: li⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lé / lê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛi²¹³/, /l̃ɛi²⁴²/

Note: lê - sense “sharp” only.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lāi / lī
  - Tâi-lô: lāi / lī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lai, li
  - IPA (Xiamen): /laɪ²²/, /li²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /laɪ⁴¹/, /li⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /laɪ²²/, /li²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /laɪ³³/, /li³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /laɪ³³/, /li³³/

Note:

lāi - vernacular;
lī - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: li⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lĭ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: li (T3)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²³/

Middle Chinese: /liɪ^H/▼

Rime
Character	利
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力至切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/li^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ljɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/li^H/
Li Rong	/li^H/
Wang Li	/li^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/li^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ri[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*rids/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	利
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ lij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ri[t]-s/
English	sharp; profit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	利
Reading #	1/1
No.	7898
Phonetic component	利
Rime group	至
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	利
Old Chinese	/*rids/

DefinitionsEdit

利

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 利

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
Kan-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
Kun: きく (kiku, 利く, Jōyō); よい (yoi, 利い); するどい (surudoi, 利い); とし (toshi, 利し)

CompoundsEdit

砂 (じゃ)利 (り) (jari, “gravel; child”), 砂 (ざ)利 (り) (zari, “gravel”)
利 (り)益 (えき) (rieki)
利 (り)害 (がい) (rigai)
利 (り)権 (けん) (riken)
利 (り)己 (こ) (riko)
利 (り)口 (こう) (rikō)
利 (り)子 (し) (rishi, “interest”)
利 (り)鞘 (ざや) (rizaya, “profit margin”)
利 (り)息 (そく) (risoku, “interest”)
利 (り)発 (はつ) (rihatsu)
利 (り)便 (べん) (riben)
利 (り)便 (べん)性 (せい) (ribensei)

EtymologyEdit

Kanji in this term
利
り Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 利 (lij^H, “profit”).

PronunciationEdit

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) り [ríꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [ɾʲi]

NounEdit

利 (hiragana り, rōmaji ri)

profit, benefit, advantage

AntonymsEdit

害 (がい) (gai, “damage”)

ReferencesEdit

^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

利 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

利: Hán Việt readings: lợi^[1]^[2]^[3]
利: Nôm readings: lời^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4], lợi^[1]^[2]^[3], rời^[1]^[2], rơi^[1], ráy^[1], lì^[3]

Hán tự form of lợi (“profit”).
Nôm form of lời (“profit; interest”).

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Trần (2004).
^ Hồ (1976).

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[tdcndg-3] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-4] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-5] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Trần (2004).

[btcn-6] Hồ (1976).

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

利

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

Derived charactersEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

DefinitionsEdit

CompoundsEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

AntonymsEdit

ReferencesEdit

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

ReferencesEdit