酣

酣 U+9163, 酣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9163 ← 酢 [U+9162] CJK Unified Ideographs 酤 → [U+9164]

Translingual

Han character

酣 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一田廿一 (MWTM), four-corner 1467₀, composition ⿰酉甘)

1. rapturous, rapturously, soundly and comfortably
2. (in connection with the drinking of alcohol) intoxicated, tipsy, drunk
3. enjoying intoxicants

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1282, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39825
• Dae Jaweon: page 1782, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3577, character 9
• Unihan data for U+9163

Chinese

trad.		酣
simp. #		酣

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 酣
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
紺	*kɯːms
姏	*mɡaːm
嵌	*sɡaːmʔ, *kʰraːm
甘	*kaːm
柑	*kaːm
苷	*kaːm
泔	*kaːm
坩	*kaːm, *kʰaːm
蚶	*ɢaːm, *ɢaːm
酣	*ɢaːm
甝	*ɢaːm
魽	*ɢaːm
邯	*ɡaːm, *ɡaːm
鉗	*ɡram
箝	*ɡram
黚	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
拑	*ɡram

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢaːm) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hān (han¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hâm
• Northern Min (KCR): háng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ham

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hān
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: han
    • Wade–Giles: han¹
    • Yale: hān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: han
    • Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ham⁴
    • Yale: hàhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hâm
    • Hakka Romanization System: ham^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ham¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ham²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: háng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaŋ⁵⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ham
    • Tâi-lô: ham
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hafm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ham³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ham⁴⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 酣
Mandarin	Beijing	/xan⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/xan⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/xan²¹/
	Jinan	/xã²¹³/
	Qingdao	/xã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xan²⁴/
	Xi'an	/xã²¹/
	Xining	/xã⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xan⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/xɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/xan⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/xan⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/xan⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/xan⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/xã̠⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/xaŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/xæ̃²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xæ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/xæ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/hø⁵³/
	Suzhou	/hø⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/hẽ̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/hø³³/
Hui	Shexian	/xɛ⁴⁴/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/xan³³/
	Xiangtan	/han³³/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian
	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰiɑm⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐm²¹/
	Nanning	/hɐm²¹/
	Hong Kong	/hɐm²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ham³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/haŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xaŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ham³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kam²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ham

Rime
Character	酣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡甘切
Baxter	ham
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑm/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦam/
Li Rong	/ɣɑm/
Wang Li	/ɣɑm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤam/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢaːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	酣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hān
Middle Chinese	‹ ham ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁam/
English	half-drunk
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	酣
Reading #	1/1
No.	3659
Phonetic component	甘
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	酣
Old Chinese	/*ɢaːm/

Definitions

酣

1. to drink alcohol to one's heart's content
2. to enjoy drinking alcohol
3. in a carefree manner; to the fullest and joyfully

   酣飲／酣饮  ―  hānyǐn  ―  to drink to one's heart's content

   酣笑  ―  hānxiào  ―  to laugh to the fullest

4. (of a fight) intense; fierce

   酣鬥／酣斗  ―  hāndòu  ―  to fight intensely

   • 時反蔣戰爭方酣，蘇俄有意觀望。 [MSC, trad.]
     时反蒋战争方酣，苏俄有意观望。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1979, 郭廷以 (Kuo Ting-yee), 《近代中國史綱》 (A Short History of Modern China)

     Shí fǎn Jiǎng zhànzhēng fāng hān, Sū'é yǒuyì guānwàng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds

• 半酣 (bànhān)
• 酒酣 (jiǔhān)
• 酣戰／酣战 (hānzhàn)
• 酣暢／酣畅 (hānchàng)
• 酣睡 (hānshuì, “fast asleep”)
• 酣醉 (hānzuì)
• 酣鬥／酣斗 (hāndòu)

 

Japanese

Kanji

酣

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: がん (gan)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)
• On: こん (kon)
• Kun: たけなわ (takenawa)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
酣
たけなわ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 酣 – see the following entry.

【たけなわ】 [noun] heights; full swing Alternative spelling 闌

(This term, 酣, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

酣 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

酣: Hán Nôm readings: hàm, ham