反

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

反 (radical 29, 又+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹水 (HE), four-corner 7124₇ or 7224₇, composition ⿸⺁又(G) or ⿸厂又(TJK))

Derived charactersEdit

仮, 坂, 岅, 㤆, 扳, 汳, 返, 阪, 昄, 板, 炍, 版, 𦙀, 瓪, 畈, 皈, 眅, 叛, 𢆕, 粄, 𥾵, 舨, 䛀, 𦤇, 販(贩), 𧿨, 䡊, 𠭤, 鈑(钣), 飯(饭), 魬, 㽹

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 165, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3127
Dae Jaweon: page 375, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 391, character 3
Unihan data for U+53CD

ChineseEdit

trad.		反
simp. ^#		反
alternative forms		仮

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 反
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (反) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
扳	praːn, pʰraːn
板	*praːnʔ
版	*praːnʔ
瓪	praːnʔ, paːnʔ
昄	praːnʔ, braːnʔ, *paːnʔ
鈑	*praːnʔ
蝂	*praːnʔ
眅	pʰraːn, pʰraːnʔ
阪	braːnʔ, panʔ
魬	*braːnʔ
粄	*paːnʔ
反	panʔ, pʰan
返	*panʔ
坂	*panʔ
畈	*pans
販	*pans
汳	*pʰans
飯	bonʔ, bons

EtymologyEdit

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *par (“to trade; to buy; to sell”), from which Tibetan ཕར (phar, “interest (on money); exchange”) is derived.

Cognate with 販 (OC *pans, “to trade”), which is an exoactive of 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan, “to return, lit. to make someone return”) (Schuessler, 2007).

番 (OC *pʰan, “a turn; a time”) is the iterative of 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan).

Pronunciation 1Edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fǎn (fan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): faan²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fán
Min Dong (BUC): bēng / huāng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): péng / púiⁿ / pán / páiⁿ / hoán

(Teochew, Peng'im): boin² / huang²
Wu (Wiktionary): fe (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: fǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˇ
  - Wade–Giles: fan³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faan
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǎn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: faan²
  - Yale: fáan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: faan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: fan²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fäːn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fán
  - Hakka Romanization System: fan`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fan³
  - Sinological IPA: /fan³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bēng / huāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛiŋ³³/, /huaŋ³³/

Note:

bēng - vernacular;
huāng - literary.

Min Nan

(Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: péng
- Tâi-lô: píng
- Phofsit Daibuun: peang
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /piɪŋ⁵³/
(Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: púiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: puínn
- Phofsit Daibuun: pvuie
- IPA (Quanzhou): /puĩ⁵⁵⁴/
(Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pán
- Tâi-lô: pán
- Phofsit Daibuun: parn
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pan⁵³/
(Hokkien: Kinmen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: páiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: páinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: pvae
- IPA (Kinmen): /pãɪ⁵³/
(Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoán
- Tâi-lô: huán
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoarn
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /huan⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

péng/púiⁿ/pán/páiⁿ - vernacular;
hoán - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: boin² / huang²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: póiⁿ / huáng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /põĩ⁵²/, /huaŋ⁵²/

Note:

boin2 - vernacular;
huang2 - literary.

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: fe (T2)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /fe̞³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /pʉɐn^X/

Rime
Character	反
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	府遠切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉɐn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷiɐn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/piuɐn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puan^X/
Li Rong	/piuɐn^X/
Wang Li	/pĭwɐn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯wɐn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fǎn

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤranʔ/, /*Cə.panʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*panʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	反	反
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fǎn	fǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ bæn^X ›	‹ pjon^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁranʔ/	/*Cə.panʔ/
English	dignified, grand	reverse (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	反
Reading #	1/2
No.	2968
Phonetic component	反
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	反
Old Chinese	/*panʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

反

reverse; opposite; contrary; anti-
反法西斯 ― fǎnfǎxīsī ― antifascist
to repeat
to revenge
to revolt
to reflect (on one's actions)
to infer, analogize
to oppose
instead
(chemistry) trans-
順反異構 / 顺反异构 ― shùn-fǎn yìgòu ― cis-trans isomerism

反-2-丁烯 ― fǎn-èr-dīngxī ― trans-2-butene

Antonym: 順／顺 (shùn)
Alternative form of 返 (fǎn, “to return; to move back”).
Alternative form of 返 (fǎn, “to return; to give back”).
A surname.

Pronunciation 2Edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fǎn (fan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): faan¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: fǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˇ
  - Wade–Giles: fan³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faan
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǎn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: faan¹
  - Yale: fāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: faan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fäːn⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /pʰʉɐn/

Rime
Character	反
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	孚袁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuan/
Li Rong	/pʰiuɐn/
Wang Li	/pʰĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fān