Wiktionary

反

反 U+53CD, 反
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53CD
← 双
[U+53CC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 収 →
[U+53CE]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

反 (radical 29, 又+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹水 (HE), four-corner 71247 or 72247, composition ⿸⺁又(G) or ⿸厂又(TJK))

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 165, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3127
  • Dae Jaweon: page 375, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 391, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+53CD

ChineseEdit

trad. 反
simp. # 反
alternative forms 仮

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 反
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (反) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扳 *praːn, *pʰraːn
板 *praːnʔ
版 *praːnʔ
瓪 *praːnʔ, *paːnʔ
昄 *praːnʔ, *braːnʔ, *paːnʔ
鈑 *praːnʔ
蝂 *praːnʔ
眅 *pʰraːn, *pʰraːnʔ
阪 *braːnʔ, *panʔ
魬 *braːnʔ
粄 *paːnʔ
反 *panʔ, *pʰan
返 *panʔ
坂 *panʔ
畈 *pans
販 *pans
汳 *pʰans
飯 *bonʔ, *bons

EtymologyEdit

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *par (“to trade; to buy; to sell”), from which Tibetan ཕར (phar, “interest (on money); exchange”) is derived.

Cognate with 販 (OC *pans, “to trade”), which is an exoactive of 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan, “to return, lit. to make someone return”) (Schuessler, 2007).

番 (OC *pʰan, “a turn; a time”) is the iterative of 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan).

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note:
  • bēng - vernacular;
  • huāng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • péng/púiⁿ/pán/páiⁿ - vernacular;
    • hoán - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: boin2 / bain2 / huang2 / huêng2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: póiⁿ / páiⁿ / huáng / huéng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /põĩ⁵²/, /pãĩ⁵²/, /huaŋ⁵²/, /hueŋ⁵²/
    Note:
    • boin2 - vernacular (Chaozhou, Chenghai, Raoping);
    • bain2 - vernacular (Chaoyang, Jieyang, Shantou);
    • huang2/huêng2 - literary (huêng2 - Chaozhou).
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 反
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 府遠切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pʉɐnX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pʷiɐnX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/piuɐnX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/puanX/
    Li
    Rong         		/piuɐnX/
    Wang
    Li         		/pĭwɐnX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pi̯wɐnX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fǎn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		faan2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 反 反
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fǎn fǎn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bænX › ‹ pjonX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[b]ˁranʔ/ /*Cə.panʔ/
    English dignified, grand reverse (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 反
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 2968
    Phonetic
    component         		反
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		反
    Old
    Chinese         		/*panʔ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    反

    1. reverse; opposite; contrary; anti-
      反法西斯  ―  fǎnfǎxīsī  ―  antifascist
    2. to repeat
    3. to revenge
    4. to revolt
    5. to reflect (on one's actions)
    6. to infer, analogize
    7. to oppose
    8. instead
    9. (chemistry) trans-
      順反異構 / 顺反异构  ―  shùn-fǎn yìgòu  ―  cis-trans isomerism
      反-2-丁烯  ―  fǎn-èr-dīngxī  ―  trans-2-butene
      Antonym: 順／顺 (shùn)
    10. (Min Nan) to leaf through; to scan
    11. Alternative form of 返 (fǎn, “to return; to give back”).
    12. A surname​.

    Pronunciation 2Edit

    Rime
    Character 反
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 孚袁切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pʰʉɐn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pʰʷiɐn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pʰiuɐn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/pʰuan/
    Li
    Rong         		/pʰiuɐn/
    Wang
    Li         		/pʰĭwɐn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pʰi̯wɐn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		faan1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 反
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 2974
    Phonetic
    component         		反
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		飜
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pʰan/

    DefinitionsEdit

    反

    1. to redress
    2. to pour
    3. (phonetics) Short for 反切 (fǎnqiè, “fanqie”).
    4. to flip over

    Pronunciation 3Edit

    DefinitionsEdit

    反

    1. Used in 反反.
    2. Alternative form of 販／贩 (fàn).

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 反

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic (反):
    • → Japanese: 反(はん) (han)
    • → Korean: 반 (反, ban)
    • → Vietnamese: phản (反)

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    反

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. anti-

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    PrefixEdit

    反(はん) • (han-) 

    1. anti-

    KoreanEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    From Middle Chinese 反 (MC pʉɐnX).

    Historical readings

    PronunciationEdit

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [반(ː)]
      • Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    反 (eumhun 되돌릴 반 (doedollil ban))

    1. Hanja form? of 반 (“reverse; anti-”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 2Edit

    From Middle Chinese 反 (MC pʰʉɐn).

    Historical readings

    PronunciationEdit

    HanjaEdit

    反 (eumhun 뒤집을 번 (dwijibeul beon))

    1. (literary) Hanja form? of 번 (“to flip over”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 3Edit

    Related to Middle Chinese 販 (MC pʉɐnH).

    HanjaEdit

    反 (eumhun 팔 판 (pal pan))

    1. Alternative form of 販 (“Hanja form? of 판 (“to sell”).”)

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    反: Hán Nôm readings: phản, phiên

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