Wiktionary

方

See also: 万
方 U+65B9, 方
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65B9
← 斸
[U+65B8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斺 →
[U+65BA]
⽅ U+2F45, ⽅
KANGXI RADICAL SQUARE
← ⽄
[U+2F44] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽆ →
[U+2F46]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual Edit

Traditional 方
Simplified 方
Japanese 方
Korean 方
Stroke order
 
Stroke order (alternative)
 
Stroke order
 
Stroke order
(alternative)
 

Han character Edit

See images of
Radical 70 方

方 (Kangxi radical 70, 方+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹尸 (YHS), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱丶万)

  1. Kangxi radical #70, ⽅.

Derived characters Edit

References Edit

  • KangXi: page 481, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13620
  • Dae Jaweon: page 842, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2172, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+65B9

Further reading Edit

Chinese Edit

simp. and trad.
 方

Glyph origin Edit

Historical forms of the character 方
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (方) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
縍 *paːŋ
榜 *paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ
蒡 *paːŋʔ, *braːŋ
牓 *paːŋʔ
螃 *paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ
搒 *paːŋs, *braːŋ
舫 *paːŋs, *paŋs
謗 *paːŋs
雱 *pʰaːŋ
磅 *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ
霶 *pʰaːŋ
滂 *pʰaːŋ
鎊 *pʰaːŋ
髈 *pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ
彷 *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ
趽 *baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs
房 *baːŋ, *baŋ
篣 *baːŋ, *braːŋ
騯 *baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ
傍 *baːŋ, *baːŋs
膀 *baːŋ
旁 *baːŋ
徬 *baːŋs
閍 *praːŋ
祊 *praːŋ
嗙 *praːŋ
方 *paŋ, *baŋ
汸 *paŋ
坊 *paŋ, *baŋ
邡 *paŋ, *pʰaŋs
枋 *paŋ
鈁 *paŋ
蚄 *paŋ
肪 *paŋ, *baŋ
鴋 *paŋ, *baŋ
牥 *paŋ
昉 *paŋʔ
瓬 *paŋʔ
放 *paŋʔ, *paŋs
倣 *paŋʔ
芳 *pʰaŋ
淓 *pʰaŋ
妨 *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs
紡 *pʰaŋʔ
仿 *pʰaŋʔ
髣 *pʰaŋʔ
鶭 *pʰaŋʔ
訪 *pʰaŋs
防 *baŋ, *baŋs
魴 *baŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 一 + 刀 (“sword”) – blade; tip of a blade. Original form of 芒 (OC *maːŋ, *maŋ, “awn (of cereal); tip (of blade)”); later borrowed to mean “side”. Other theories regarding the origin of this character also exist.

It is unrelated to 㫃 (“fluttering flag”), from which characters like 旗 (OC *ɡɯ, “flag”) and 旅 (OC *ɡ·raʔ, “troops”) are derived.

Etymology 1 Edit

"side; square; region"
Probably related to 旁 (OC *baːŋ), 傍 (OC *baːŋ, *baːŋs) (Schuessler, 2007).
"parallel boats"
Cognate with 舫 (OC *paːŋs, *paŋs, “boat”), 艕 (“boat”). According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *poŋ (“raft; float”); compare Burmese ဖောင် (hpaung, “raft”), Jingpho hpong (“kac”). According to Schuessler (2007), this etymon is an area word; compare Thai พ่วง (pûuang, “raft; pontoon”), Proto-Austronesian *qabaŋ (“boat”), Old Mon kɓaŋ (“ship; boat”).
"just now"; "now"
Cognate with 甫 (OC *paʔ, “just now”). Compare Jingpho hpang (“to begin”), Proto-Kuki-Chin *pran (“to begin”) (STEDT).
"method; law"
Etymology not certain. May be the same word as 方 (OC *paŋ, “side; square; region”). Cognate with 仿 (OC *pʰaŋʔ, “to imitate”). Perhaps cognate with Tibetan བྱང་བ (byang ba, “skill; experience”), Tibetan སྦྱངས (sbyangs, “trained; exercised studied”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, it may belong to Khmer ព្រាង (priəng, “to draft; to sketch”) < Khmer រាង (riəng, “shape; form; figure”). If so, it belongs to an Austroasiatic allofam which includes 狀 (OC *zraŋs, “form; appearance”). "Law; norm; standard" is a common extension of "form; shape".

Pronunciation 1 Edit

Note:
  • huŏng - literary;
  • bung - vernacular (“piece“).
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • hng - vernacular (“prescription; place”);
    • png/puiⁿ - vernacular (surname);
    • hong - literary;
    • pang - in 四方 (sì-pang).
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: bang1 / hng1 / bung1 / beng1 / huang1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pang / hng / pung / pṳng / huang
      • Sinological IPA (key): /paŋ³³/, /hŋ³³/, /puŋ³³/, /pɯŋ³³/, /huaŋ³³/
    Note:
    • bang1 - vernacular (“square; power; unit of measurement”);
    • hng1 - vernacular (“prescription”);
    • bung1/beng1 - vernacular (surname) (beng1 - Jieyang);
    • huang1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 方
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 陽 (106)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 府良切
    Baxter pjang
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pʉɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pʷiɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/piuɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/puaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/piuaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/pĭwaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/piwaŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fāng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		fong1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 方 方 方
    Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fāng fāng fāng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pjang › ‹ pjang › ‹ pjang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C-paŋ/ /*paŋ/ /*paŋ/
    English square method just, then

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 方
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 3023
    Phonetic
    component         		方
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		方
    Old
    Chinese         		/*paŋ/
    Notes 甲金文象槳即榜初文，
    下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆
    Definitions Edit

    方

    1. (obsolete) parallel; side by side
    2. (obsolete) parallel boats; raft made of bamboo
    3. (obsolete) to match; to be equal to
    4. (obsolete) to compare; to set side by side
    5. (obsolete) to differentiate; to discriminate
    6. (obsolete) to occupy; to take up
    7. (mathematics) square; rectangle; cube
      正方形  ―  zhèngfāngxíng  ―  square
      長方形／长方形  ―  chángfāngxíng  ―  rectangle
      方桌  ―  fāngzhuō  ―  square table
    8. side; aspect; party
      甲方  ―  jiǎ fāng  ―  Party A
      方面  ―  fāngmiàn  ―  aspect; side
    9. place; region; locality
      遠方／远方  ―  yuǎnfāng  ―  faraway place
      方言  ―  fāngyán  ―  dialect; regional variety
    10. orientation; direction
      東方／东方  ―  dōngfāng  ―  east
      前方  ―  qiánfāng  ―  front
    11. (obsolete) law; rule; reason
    12. method; way
      千方百計／千方百计  ―  qiānfāngbǎijì  ―  by every conceivable means
      教導有方／教导有方  ―  jiàodǎo yǒufāng  ―  to teach with the right method
    13. (obsolete) sort; category; kind
    14. (obsolete) moral principle and knowledge; learning
    15. (obsolete) earth; solid earth; ground
    16. (traditional Chinese medicine) prescription
      古方  ―  gǔfāng  ―  ancient prescription
      偏方  ―  piānfāng  ―  folk prescription
    17. (mathematics) power
      2的3次方是8。  ―  2 de 3 cìfāng shì 8.  ―  2 to the third power is 8.
    18. (mathematics) Short for 平方米 (píngfāngmǐ, “Classifier for square metre.”).
    19. (mathematics) Short for 立方米 (lìfāngmǐ, “Classifier for cubic metre.”).
    20. Classifier for square objects.
      一方手帕  ―  yī fāng shǒupà  ―  one handkerchief
      兩方圖章／两方图章  ―  liǎng fāng túzhāng  ―  two seal
    21. (literary, preceding a measurement of length to indicate area) area surrounding (something); surroundings; vicinity
    22. upright; honest; irreproachable
      方正  ―  fāngzhèng  ―  upright; righteous
      品行端方  ―  pǐnxíng duānfāng  ―  righteous
    23. just; just when; at the time when; just now; now
      方興未艾／方兴未艾  ―  fāngxìngwèi'ài  ―  to be now rising or flourishing and have not yet stopped
    24. just; only
      書到用時方恨少／书到用时方恨少  ―  shū dào yòng shí fāng hèn shào  ―  to regret not acquiring enough knowledge only when it comes time to apply it
      解決社會問題方能令市道回穩。 [MSC, trad.]
      解决社会问题方能令市道回稳。 [MSC, simp.]
      Jiějué shèhuì wèntí fāng néng lìng shìdào huíwěn. [Pinyin]
      Only after solving social issues can the market recover.
      Synonym: 才 (cái)
    25. at (a specific time)
    26. will; going to
    27. (lexicography) Short for 方言 (fāngyán, “dialect”).
    28. a surname
      方孝孺  ―  Fāng Xiàorú  ―  Fang Xiaoru (Confucian scholar-bureaucrat of the Ming Dynasty)
    Compounds Edit
    Descendants Edit
    Sino-Xenic (方):
    • → Japanese: 方(ほう) (hō)
    • → Korean: 방(方) (bang)
    • → Vietnamese: phương (方)

    Others:

    Pronunciation 2 Edit

    Rime
    Character 方
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 陽 (106)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 符方切
    Baxter bjang
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bʉɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/bʷiɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biuɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/buaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/biuaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭwaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/bʱiwaŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fáng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		fong4
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 方
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 3056
    Phonetic
    component         		方
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		房
    Old
    Chinese         		/*baŋ/
    Definitions Edit

    方

    1. Only used in 方輿／方舆 (Fángyù, “an ancient county in modern Shandong”).
    2. to disobey
    3. Alternative form of 房
    4. Alternative form of 防 (fáng)

    Etymology 2 Edit

    Rendering of a dialectal pronunciation of 慌 (huāng).

    Pronunciation Edit

    Definitions Edit

    方 (Mainland China, neologism, slang)

    1. Pronunciation spelling of 慌 (huāng).
      我方了！  ―  Wǒ fāng le!  ―  I panic!
    2. Pronunciation spelling of 慌 (huāng).
      好方！  ―  Hǎo fāng!  ―  So panicky!

    Etymology 3 Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 方 – see 仿 (“to imitate; to resemble; to be similar; etc.”).
    (This character, 方, is a variant form of 仿.)

    Etymology 4 Edit

    Pronunciation Edit

    Definitions Edit

    方

    1. Used in 方羊 and 方洋.
    2. Used in 方皇.
    3. Alternative form of 旁

    Etymology 5 Edit

    Pronunciation Edit

    Definitions Edit

    方

    1. Only used in 方良.

    Etymology 6 Edit

    Borrowed from English phon.

    Pronunciation Edit

    Definitions Edit

    方

    1. phon (unit of apparent loudness)

    References Edit

    Japanese Edit

    Kanji Edit

    方

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. direction
    2. person
    3. alternative
    4. (algebra, geometry) square

    Readings Edit

    Compounds Edit

    Derived terms

    Etymology 1 Edit

    Kanji in this term
    方
    ほう
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 方 (MC bjang|pjang).

    Pronunciation Edit

    Noun Edit

    方(ほう) • (hō) ←はう (fau)?

    1. direction, way, side
      鬼(おに)さんこちら、手(て)の鳴(な)る方(ほう)へ
      oni-san kochira, te no naru hō e
      hey, "it", over here, to (the direction of) the clapping of the hands (phrase said in tag)
    2. more so (preceded by ～の, often followed by ～が)
      この時計(とけい)の方(ほう)がそっちより高(たか)いです。
      Kono tokei no hō ga sotchi yori takai desu.
      This watch is more expensive than that one.

    Etymology 2 Edit

    Kanji in this term
    方
    かた
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation Edit

    Noun Edit

    方(かた) • (kata) 

    1. (polite) person
      あの方(かた)。
      Ano kata.
      That person. (polite)
      あの方(かた)はどなたですか。
      Ano kata wa donata desu ka.
      Who is that gentleman? (formal)
    Synonyms Edit

    Suffix Edit

    方(かた) • (-kata) 

    1. way, method (of doing)
      書(か)き方(かた)
      kakikata
      way of writing something; how to write something
      使(つか)い方(かた)
      tsukaikata
      way of using something; how to use something
    See also Edit

    Etymology 3 Edit

    pe > ɸe > we > e.

    Suffix Edit

    方(え) • (-e) ←へ (fe)?

    1. a suffix expressing location, direction, or time
    Derived terms Edit

    Etymology 4 Edit

    Kanji in this term
    方
    さま
    Grade: 2
    irregular

    From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of さ (sa, “that”, pronominal indicating a person, place, thing, or direction in the middle distance) +‎ ま (ma, “likeness, way, similarity”, suffix indicating a quality).[3]

    Alternative forms Edit

    Pronunciation Edit

    Noun Edit

    方(さま) • (sama) 

    1. a person's appearance (as of body, or style, or face, etc.)
    2. the state or situation of a thing
    3. the general trend, tenor, or feel of a thing
    4. one's social station, status, or quality
    5. the way or means of doing something, how one does something
    6. the reason or circumstances for something

    References Edit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    Korean Edit

    Etymology Edit

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation Edit

    Hanja Edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    方 (eumhun 모 방 (mo bang))

    1. Hanja form? of 방 (“direction”).

    Compounds Edit

    Compounds

    Vietnamese Edit

    Han character Edit

    方: Hán Việt readings: phương (府(phủ)良(lương)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
    方: Nôm readings: phương[1][2][3], vuông[1][3][4], phăng[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of phương (“way; direction; means; method”).

    References Edit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Hồ (1976).
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