方
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TranslingualEdit
Traditional | 方 |
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Simplified | 方 |
Japanese | 方 |
Korean | 方 |
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order (alternative) | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order (alternative) | |||
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Han characterEdit
方 (Kangxi radical 70, 方+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹尸 (YHS), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱丶万)
- Kangxi radical #70, ⽅.
Derived charactersEdit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/方
- 仿, 𪟀, 㕫, 坊, 妨, 𢁸, 𢎷, 彷, 㤃, 㧍, 汸, 防, 䢍, 𢨲, 昉, 枋, 𬊀, 牥, 𤤁, 肪, 祊, 𭽍, 眆, 𬒂, 䄱, 𫁊, 𫋳, 𭁌, 𪭫, 𮇉, 紡(纺), 舫, 蚄, 訪(访), 𫎒, 趽, 鈁(钫), 𭠈, 𩖫, 𩚠, 𩨣, 𩲠, 魴(鲂), 䲱, 𪕃, 𬬐
- 𠛍, 邡, 放, 𪴩, 𣬵, 瓬, 𨾔, 𩲌, 鴋, 𣁅, 𧘩, 㝑, 芳, 房, 昘, 𬙙, 𥫳, 雱, 髣, 臱, 𢦷, 閍(𨸂), 𡇅, 圀, 堃, 敖, 敫, 𣪧, 𦴪, 𨘋, 㡢, 矈
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 481, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13620
- Dae Jaweon: page 842, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2172, character 1
- Unihan data for U+65B9
Further readingEdit
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
方 |
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Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 方 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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縍 | *paːŋ |
榜 | *paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ |
蒡 | *paːŋʔ, *braːŋ |
牓 | *paːŋʔ |
螃 | *paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ |
搒 | *paːŋs, *braːŋ |
舫 | *paːŋs, *paŋs |
謗 | *paːŋs |
雱 | *pʰaːŋ |
磅 | *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ |
霶 | *pʰaːŋ |
滂 | *pʰaːŋ |
鎊 | *pʰaːŋ |
髈 | *pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ |
彷 | *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ |
趽 | *baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs |
房 | *baːŋ, *baŋ |
篣 | *baːŋ, *braːŋ |
騯 | *baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ |
傍 | *baːŋ, *baːŋs |
膀 | *baːŋ |
旁 | *baːŋ |
徬 | *baːŋs |
閍 | *praːŋ |
祊 | *praːŋ |
嗙 | *praːŋ |
方 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
汸 | *paŋ |
坊 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
邡 | *paŋ, *pʰaŋs |
枋 | *paŋ |
鈁 | *paŋ |
蚄 | *paŋ |
肪 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
鴋 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
牥 | *paŋ |
昉 | *paŋʔ |
瓬 | *paŋʔ |
放 | *paŋʔ, *paŋs |
倣 | *paŋʔ |
芳 | *pʰaŋ |
淓 | *pʰaŋ |
妨 | *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs |
紡 | *pʰaŋʔ |
仿 | *pʰaŋʔ |
髣 | *pʰaŋʔ |
鶭 | *pʰaŋʔ |
訪 | *pʰaŋs |
防 | *baŋ, *baŋs |
魴 | *baŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意): 一 + 刀 (“sword”) – blade; tip of a blade. Original form of 芒 (OC *maːŋ, *maŋ, “awn (of cereal); tip (of blade)”); later borrowed to mean “side”. Other theories regarding the origin of this character also exist.
It is unrelated to 㫃 (“fluttering flag”), from which characters like 旗 (OC *ɡɯ, “flag”) and 旅 (OC *ɡ·raʔ, “troops”) are derived.
Etymology 1Edit
- "side; square; region"
- Probably related to 旁 (OC *baːŋ), 傍 (OC *baːŋ, *baːŋs) (Schuessler, 2007).
- "parallel boats"
- Cognate with 舫 (OC *paːŋs, *paŋs, “boat”), 艕 (“boat”). According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *poŋ (“raft; float”); compare Burmese ဖောင် (hpaung, “raft”), Jingpho hpong (“kac”). According to Schuessler (2007), this etymon is an area word; compare Thai พ่วง (pûuang, “raft; pontoon”), Proto-Austronesian *qabaŋ (“boat”), Old Mon kɓaŋ (“ship; boat”).
- "just now"; "now"
- Cognate with 甫 (OC *paʔ, “just now”). Compare Jingpho hpang (phaŋ³³, “to begin”), Proto-Kuki-Chin *pran (“to begin”) (STEDT).
- "method; law"
- Etymology not certain. May be the same word as 方 (OC *paŋ, “side; square; region”). Cognate with 仿 (OC *pʰaŋʔ, “to imitate”). Perhaps cognate with Tibetan བྱང་བ (byang ba, “skill; experience”), Tibetan སྦྱངས (sbyangs, “trained; exercised studied”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, it may belong to Khmer ព្រាង (priəng, “to draft; to sketch”) < Khmer រាង (riəng, “shape; form; figure”). If so, it belongs to an Austroasiatic allofam which includes 狀 (OC *zraŋs, “form; appearance”). "Law; norm; standard" is a common extension of "form; shape".
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
方
- (obsolete) parallel; side by side
- (obsolete) parallel boats; raft made of bamboo
- (obsolete) to match; to be equal to
- (obsolete) to compare; to set side by side
- (obsolete) to differentiate; to discriminate
- (obsolete) to occupy; to take up
- (mathematics) square; rectangle; cube
- side; aspect; party
- place; region; locality
- orientation; direction
- (obsolete) law; rule; reason
- method; way
- (obsolete) sort; category; kind
- (obsolete) moral principle and knowledge; learning
- (obsolete) earth; solid earth; ground
- (traditional Chinese medicine) prescription
- (mathematics) power
- (mathematics) Short for 平方米 (píngfāngmǐ, “Classifier for square metre.”).
- (mathematics) Short for 立方米 (lìfāngmǐ, “Classifier for cubic metre.”).
- Classifier for square objects.
- (literary, preceding a measurement of length to indicate area) area surrounding (something); surroundings; vicinity
- upright; honest; irreproachable
- just; just when; at the time when; just now; now
- 為人子,方少時,親師友,習禮儀。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: Three Character Classic, circa 13th century CE
- Wéi rénzǐ, fāng shàoshí, qīn shīyǒu, xí lǐyí. [Pinyin]
- He who is the son of a man, when he is young, should attach himself to his teachers and friends, and practise ceremonial usages.
为人子,方少时,亲师友,习礼仪。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]- 國家方危,諸侯方貳,將以襲敵人,不亦難乎? [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Guójiā fāng wēi, zhūhóu fāng èr, jiāng yǐ xí dírén, bùyì nán hū? [Pinyin]
- The State is now in a perilous condition, and the other States are now disaffected towards it; shall we not find it a difficult enterprise to invade an enemy in such circumstances?
国家方危,诸侯方贰,将以袭敌人,不亦难乎? [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 趙方西憂秦,南憂楚,其力不能禁我。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Zhào fāng xī yōu Qín, nán yōu Chǔ, qí lì bùnéng jìn wǒ. [Pinyin]
- Zhao is now worrying about Qin in the west and Chu in the south; it cannot restrain us with its strength.
赵方西忧秦,南忧楚,其力不能禁我。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 對於文化問題,我是門外漢,想研究一下,也方在開始。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1940, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《新民主主義論》 (On New Democracy), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
- Duìyú wénhuà wèntí, wǒ shì ménwàihàn, xiǎng yánjiū yīxià, yě fāng zài kāishǐ. [Pinyin]
- I am a layman in matters of culture; I would like to study them, but have only just begun to do so.
对于文化问题,我是门外汉,想研究一下,也方在开始。 [MSC, simp.]
- just; only
- 書到用時方恨少/书到用时方恨少 ― shū dào yòng shí fāng hèn shào ― to regret not acquiring enough knowledge only when it comes time to apply it
- at (a specific time)
- will; going to
- (dictionaries) Short for 方言 (fāngyán, “dialect”).
- a surname
- 方孝孺 ― Fāng Xiàorú ― Fang Xiaoru (Confucian scholar-bureaucrat of the Ming Dynasty)
CompoundsEdit
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DescendantsEdit
Others:
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
方
- Only used in 方輿/方舆 (Fángyù, “an ancient county in modern Shandong”).
- to disobey
- Alternative form of 房 (fáng).
- Alternative form of 防 (fáng).
Etymology 2Edit
Rendering of a dialectal pronunciation of 慌 (huāng).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
方 (Mainland China, neologism, slang)
- Pronunciation spelling of 慌 (huāng).
- Pronunciation spelling of 慌 (huāng).
- 好方! ― Hǎo fāng! ― So panicky!
Etymology 3Edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 方 – see 仿 (“to imitate; to resemble; to be similar; etc.”). (This character, 方, is a variant form of 仿.) |
Etymology 4Edit
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
方
Etymology 5Edit
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
方
- Only used in 方良.
Etymology 6Edit
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
方
- phon (unit of apparent loudness)
ReferencesEdit
- “方”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: ほう (hō, Jōyō)←はう (fau, historical)
- Kan-on: ほう (hō, Jōyō)←はう (fau, historical)
- Kun: かた (kata, 方, Jōyō)
- Nanori: まさ (masa)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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方 |
ほう Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 方 (MC bʉɐŋ, pʉɐŋ).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- direction, way, side
- more so (preceded by ~の, often followed by ~が)
- この時計の方がそっちより高いです。
- Kono tokei no hō ga sotchi yori takai desu.
- This watch is more expensive than that one.
- この時計の方がそっちより高いです。
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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方 |
かた Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- (polite) person
- あの方。
- Ano kata.
- That person. (polite)
- あの方はどなたですか。
- Ano kata wa donata desu ka.
- Who is that gentleman? (formal)
- あの方。
SynonymsEdit
- (plain) 人 (hito)
SuffixEdit
- way, method (of doing)
- 書き方
- kakikata
- way of writing something; how to write something
- 使い方
- tsukaikata
- way of using something; how to use something
- 書き方
See alsoEdit
Etymology 3Edit
pe > ɸe > we > e.
SuffixEdit
- a suffix expressing location, direction, or time
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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方 |
さま Grade: 2 |
irregular |
From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of さ (sa, “that”, pronominal indicating a person, place, thing, or direction in the middle distance) + ま (ma, “likeness, way, similarity”, suffix indicating a quality).[3]
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a person's appearance (as of body, or style, or face, etc.)
- the state or situation of a thing
- the general trend, tenor, or feel of a thing
- one's social station, status, or quality
- the way or means of doing something, how one does something
- the reason or circumstances for something
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [방]
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 방향 (方向, banghyang)
- 방법 (方法, bangbeop)
- 방식 (方式, bangsik)
- 사방 (四方, sabang)
- 금방 (今方, geumbang)
- 서방 (西方, seobang)
- 전방 (前方, jeonbang)
- 방위 (方位, bang'wi)
- 방면 (方面, bangmyeon)
- 상대방 (相對方, sangdaebang)
- 처방 (處方, cheobang)
- 방침 (方針, bangchim)
- 방안 (方案, bang'an)
- 변방 (邊方, byeonbang)
- 방도 (方道, bangdo)
- 후방 (後方, hubang)
- 방편 (方便, bangpyeon)
- 동방 (東方, dongbang)
- 방책 (方策, bangchaek)
- 근방 (近方, geunbang)
- 북방 (北方, bukbang)
- 동남방 (東南方, dongnambang)
- 사방 (巳方, sabang)
- 지방 (地方, jibang)
- 한방약 (韓方藥, hanbang'yak)
- 방편 (方便, bangpyeon)
- 임시방편 (臨時方便, imsibangpyeon)
- 남방 (南方, nambang)
- 방정식 (方程式, bangjeongsik)
- 간방 (艮方, ganbang)
- 서방극락 (西方極樂, seobanggeungnak)
- 쌍방 (雙方, ssangbang)
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
方: Hán Việt readings: phương (
方: Nôm readings: phương[1][2][3], vuông[1][3][4], phăng[1]