柑

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

柑 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木廿一 (DTM), four-corner 4497₀, composition ⿰木甘)

Derived charactersEdit

𦴑, 䈤

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 519, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14619
Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1177, character 3
Unihan data for U+67D1

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		柑
alternative forms		甘

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (甘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
紺	*kɯːms
姏	*mɡaːm
嵌	sɡaːmʔ, kʰraːm
甘	*kaːm
柑	*kaːm
苷	*kaːm
泔	*kaːm
坩	kaːm, kʰaːm
蚶	ɢaːm, ɢaːm
酣	*ɢaːm
甝	*ɢaːm
魽	*ɢaːm
邯	ɡaːm, ɡaːm
鉗	*ɡram
箝	*ɡram
黚	ɡram, ɡrɯm
拑	*ɡram

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaːm): semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).

Etymology 1Edit

Either the same etymon as 甘 (OC *kaːm, “sweet”) (Wang, 1982), or, in light of the citrus fruit's southern origin, possibly connected with Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *lŋaam (Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹
Min Dong (BUC): găng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kam / kaⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): gan¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gan
  - Wade–Giles: kan¹
  - Yale: gān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
  - Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gam¹
  - Yale: gām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kam
  - Tâi-lô: kam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /kam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kã³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kã⁴⁴/

Note:

kam - literary;
kaⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gan¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kaⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kã³³/

Middle Chinese: /kɑm/

Rime
Character	柑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古三切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑm/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑm/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kam/
Li Rong	/kɑm/
Wang Li	/kɑm/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kaːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柑
Reading #	1/1
No.	3653
Phonetic component	甘
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	甘
Old Chinese	/*kaːm/
Notes	甘轉註分化

DefinitionsEdit

柑

CompoundsEdit

佛手柑 (fóshǒugān)
刺柑
柑仔 (kâm-é)
柑子 (gānzi)
柑果 (gānguǒ)
柑桔

柑橘 (gānjú)
柑香酒
栟柑
椪柑 (pènggān)
橘柑

油柑 (yóugān)
蜜柑 (mìgān)
金柑 (jīngān)
傳柑／传柑
雙柑斗酒／双柑斗酒

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (柑):

→ Japanese: 柑(かん) (kan)
→ Vietnamese: cam (柑)

Etymology 2Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 柑 – see 拑 (“to grab; to pinch; to cling; to grip tightly; to clamp, tie down or pin down”). (This character, 柑, is an obsolete form of 拑.)

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

柑

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: かん (kan)^{←かん (kan, historical)}^{←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
Kan-on: かん (kan)^{←かん (kan, historical)}^{←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
Kun: みかん (mikan, 柑)

EtymologyEdit

Kanji in this term
柑
かん Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 柑 (MC kɑm).

PronunciationEdit

On’yomi

IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

AffixEdit

柑(かん) • (kan)

citrus fruit

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

椪(ぽん)柑(かん) (ponkan, “ponkan”)
蜜(み)柑(かん) (mikan, “mandarin orange”)

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

柑 • (gam, geom) (hangeul 감, 검, revised gam, geom, McCune–Reischauer kam, kŏm, Yale kam, kem)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

柑: Hán Nôm readings: cam, cùm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.