barm

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /bɑːm/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /bɑɹm/
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)m

Etymology 1

From Middle English barm, barme, berm, bearm, from Old English bearm (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-West Germanic *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear”). Cognate with German Barm (“lap; bosom”).

Noun

barm (plural barms)

1. (obsolete outside dialects) bosom, lap.

Derived terms

• Abraham's barm

Etymology 2

From Middle English berme, berm, from Old English beorma, from Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast; barm”); related to the dialectal Low German Bärm (“yeast”), from Middle Low German barm, berm. The cake sense is possibly a shortened form of barmcake, which would be made with yeast as described in that sense, or possibly it is from the Irish bairín breac, a type of bread.

Noun

barm (countable and uncountable, plural barms)

1. Foam rising upon beer or other malt liquors when fermenting, used as leaven in brewing and making bread; yeast.
   • c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], line 25:

     [A]nd sometimes make the drink to bear no barm.

   • 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 620:

     In 1577 yeast, called barm, is bought at 9d. the pail.

   • 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

     And he chaffed the women as he served them their ha'porths of barm.

     Penguin 2006, p. 65

2. A small, round, flat individual loaf or roll of bread.

Derived terms

• bacon barm
• barmbrack
• barmy
• chip barm

Translations

foam rising upon beer, etc., when fermenting

• Finnish: vaahto (fi)
• French: mousse (fr) f
• Irish: giosta m

small, round, flat individual loaf or roll of bread

Etymology 3

From Middle English bermen, from the noun (see above).

Verb

barm (third-person singular simple present barms, present participle barming, simple past and past participle barmed)

1. To spurge; foam

See also

• bap
• bun
• roll
• muffin
• barmy
• barmpot

Anagrams

• AMBR, Bram

Albanian

Alternative forms

• barmë

Etymology

A masculine variant of barmë

Noun

barm m

1. bast

Related terms

• bardhë
• berk

Cimbrian

Etymology

From Middle High German warm, from Old High German warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz (“warm”). Cognate with German warm, Dutch warm, English warm, Icelandic varmur.

Adjective

barm (comparative bérmor, superlative dar bérmorste)

1. (Luserna, Sette Comuni) warm, hot

   Hòite machetz barm. ― It's hot today.

Declension

Positive forms of barm

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		èar ist barm	zi ist barm	is ist barm	ze zèint barm
with definite article	nominative	dar barme	de barma	's barme	de barmen
	accusative	in barmen	de barma	's barme	de barmen
	dative	me barmen	dar barmen	me barmen	in barmen
with indefinite article	nominative	an barmar	an barma	an barmes	(khòone) barmen
	accusative	an barmen	an barma	an barmes	(khòone) barmen
	dative	aname barmen	anara barmen	aname barmen	(khòonen) barmen
without article	nominative				barme
	accusative				barme
	dative				barmen

Comparative forms of barm

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		èar ist bérmor	zi ist bérmor	is ist bérmor	ze zèint bérmor
with definite article	nominative	dar bérmore	de bérmora	's bérmore	de bérmorn
	accusative	in bérmorn	de bérmora	's bérmore	de bérmorn
	dative	me bérmorn	dar bérmorn	me bérmorn	in bérmorn
with indefinite article	nominative	an bérmorar	an bérmora	an bérmors	(khòone) bérmorn
	accusative	an bérmorn	an bérmora	an bérmors	(khòone) bérmorn
	dative	aname bérmorn	anara bérmorn	aname bérmorn	(khòonen) bérmorn
without article	nominative				bérmore
	accusative				bérmore
	dative				bérmorn

Superlative forms of barm

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		èar ist dar bérmorste	zi ist dar bérmorsta	is ist dar bérmorste	ze zèint dar bérmorste
with definite article	nominative	dar bérmorste	de bérmorsta	's bérmorste	de bérmorsten
	accusative	in bérmorsten	de bérmorsta	's bérmorste	de bérmorsten
	dative	me bérmorsten	dar bérmorsten	me bérmorsten	in bérmorsten
with indefinite article	nominative	an bérmorstar	an bérmorsta	an bérmorstes	(khòone) bérmorsten
	accusative	an bérmorsten	an bérmorsta	an bérmorstes	(khòone) bérmorsten
	dative	aname bérmorsten	anara bérmorsten	aname bérmorsten	(khòonen) bérmorsten
without article	nominative				bérmorste
	accusative				bérmorste
	dative				bérmorsten

References

• “barm” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse baðmr (“bosom”).

Noun

barm c (singular definite barmen, plural indefinite barme)

1. bosom

Inflection

Declension of barm

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	barm	barmen	barme	barmene
genitive	barms	barmens	barmes	barmenes

Etymology 2

From Old Norse barmr (“rim”).

Noun

barm c (singular definite barmen, plural indefinite barme)

1. (nautical, archaic) a corner of a sail

Inflection

Declension of barm

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	barm	barmen	barme	barmene
genitive	barms	barmens	barmes	barmenes

Gothic

Romanization

barm

1. Romanization of 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌼

Icelandic

Noun

barm

1. indefinite accusative singular of barmur

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English bearm, from Proto-West Germanic *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz.

Alternative forms

• barme, bearm, berm, berme

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /barm/, /bɛrm/

Noun

barm (plural barmes)

1. The lap (The portion of one's legs that lies flat while sitting)
   • Late 14th century: And with that word this faucon gan to crie / And swowned eft in Canacees barm. — Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Squire's Tale’, Canterbury Tales
2. chest, torso, abdomen
   • Late 14th century: [...] kisse hire child er that it deyde / And in hir barm this litel child she leyde. — Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Clerk's Tale’, Canterbury Tales
3. belly, stomach
4. (rare) A flat surface that serves as a resting-place.

Descendants

• English: barm
• Scots: berme, berm, barm

References

• “barm, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-06.

Etymology 2

Noun

barm

1. Alternative form of berme (“yeast”)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse baðmr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑrm/

Noun

barm m (definite singular barmen, indefinite plural barmar, definite plural barmane)

1. a bosom

References

• “barm” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish barmber, from Old Norse baðmr (“bosom”).

Noun

barm c

1. bosom

Declension

Declension of barm
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	barm	barmen	barmar	barmarna
Genitive	barms	barmens	barmars	barmarnas

References

• barm in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• barm in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• barm in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)