diurnal

See also: diürnal

English

WOTD – 2 December 2008

Etymology

From Latin diurnālis, from diēs (“day”). Doublet of journal.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /daɪˈɜːnəl/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /daɪˈɝ.nəl/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nəl

Adjective

diurnal (comparative more diurnal, superlative most diurnal)

1. Happening or occurring during daylight, or primarily active during that time.

   Most birds are diurnal.

   • 1972, Laurence Monroe Klauber, Rattlesnakes: Their Habits, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind, Volume 1‎^[1]:

     However, in general, lizards are more diurnal than rattlers, which may be one of the reasons why young rattlers are more diurnal than adults.

   • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene v]:

     Ere twice the horses of the sun shall bring / Their fiery torcher his diurnal ring.

2. (botany) Said of a flower that is open, or releasing its perfume during daylight hours, but not at night.
3. Having a daily cycle that is completed every 24 hours, usually referring to tasks, processes, tides, or sunrise to sunset; circadian.
4. (uncommon) Done once every day; daily, quotidian.
5. (archaic) Published daily.

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:diurnal.

Synonyms

• (having a daily cycle): circadian (biology)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “happening or active during the day”): nocturnal, nightly
• (antonym(s) of “active or open during the day”): nocturnal

Coordinate terms

• (active or open during the day): crepuscular (active during twilight; dawn or dusk)
• (active or open during the day): matutinal (active during dawn)
• (active or open during the day): vespertine (active during dusk)
• (active or open during the day): diel (having a 24-hour period, regardless of day or night)

Derived terms

• bidiurnal
• diurnal aberration
• diurnal active photolocation
• diurnal arc
• diurnalist
• diurnality
• diurnally
• diurnal motion
• diurnalness
• equidiurnal
• intradiurnal
• nondiurnal
• semidiurnal
• sesquidiurnal
• terdiurnal
• tridiurnal
• undiurnal

Translations

happening during daylight; primarily active during the day

• Arabic: نَهَارِيّ (nahāriyy)
• Azerbaijani: gündəlik (az)
• Belarusian: дзённы (dzjónny)
• Bulgarian: дне́вен (dnéven)
• Catalan: diürn (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 日間的 / 日间的 (zh) (rìjiān de)

• Czech: denní (cs) c
• Dutch: dagactief
• Esperanto: taga (eo)
• Finnish: päivä- (fi), päiväaikainen (fi), päiväaktiivinen, diurnaalinen
• French: diurne (fr)
• Galician: diurno m
• German: tagaktiv (de)
• Greek: ημερήσιος (el) (imerísios)

  Ancient: ἡμερινός (hēmerinós)

• Hungarian: nappali (hu)
• Icelandic: dagdýr
• Irish: laethúil
• Italian: diurno (it)
• Japanese: 昼間の (ja) (ひるまの, hiruma no), 日中の (ja) (にっちゅうの, nitchū no)
• Korean: 날의 (ko) (narui), 하루의 (ko) (haruui), 하루 동안의 (haru dong'anui)
• Latin: diurnus
• Macedonian: дневен (dneven)
• Maori: moepō
• Persian: روزانه (fa) (ruzâne)
• Polish: dzienny (pl)
• Portuguese: diurno (pt)
• Russian: дневно́й (ru) (dnevnój)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: дне̑внӣ

  Roman: dnȇvnī (sh)

• Slovak: denný (sk)
• Slovene: dneven
• Spanish: diurno (es)
• Swedish: dags-
• Tajik: рӯзона (tg) (rüzona)
• Turkish: gündüzcül, gündüz hareketli olan
• Ukrainian: де́нний (dénnyj)
• Uzbek: kunduzgi (uz)
• Welsh: dyddiol (cy)
• West Frisian: ^{(please verify)} dei- (fy)

botany; of flowers open or releasing perfume during the day

• Catalan: diürn (ca)
• Finnish: päiväksi kukkansa avaava
• French: diurne (fr)
• Portuguese: diurno (pt)
• Ukrainian: де́нний (dénnyj)

having a daily cycle

• Finnish: päivittäinen (fi), vuorokautinen (fi), vuorokausi- (fi)
• French: journalier (fr)
• Greek: ημερήσιος (el) m (imerísios)
• Persian: روزانه (fa) (ruzâne)
• Portuguese: diário (pt)
• Slovak: každodenný
• Slovene: dneven, (biological) cirkadiaden
• Ukrainian: добови́й (dobovýj)

done once every day

• Belarusian: штодзё́нны (štodzjónny)
• Bulgarian: ежедне́вен (bg) (ežednéven), всекидне́вен (bg) (vsekidnéven)
• Czech: denní (cs) c
• Dutch: dagelijks (nl)
• Finnish: päivittäinen (fi), jokapäiväinen (fi)
• French: journalier (fr), quotidien (fr)
• German: täglich (de)
• Greek: ημερήσιος (el) (imerísios)
• Hungarian: napi (hu)
• Persian: روزی یک بار (ruzi yek bâr)
• Portuguese: diário (pt)
• Russian: ежедне́вный (ru) (ježednévnyj)
• Slovak: denný (sk), každodenný
• Slovene: dneven
• Turkish: günlük (tr), gün be gün
• Ukrainian: щоде́нний (ščodénnyj)
• West Frisian: deisk, deistich

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Swedish: (as 24-hr period, including nighttime) ^{(please verify)} dygn (sv)

Noun

diurnal (plural diurnals)

1. A flower that opens only in the day.
2. (Catholicism) A book containing canonical offices performed during the day, hence not matins.
3. (archaic) A diary or journal.
   • 1663, Samuel Butler, Hudibras, part 1, canto 2:

     He was by birth, some authors write, / A Russian, some a Muscovite, / And 'mong the Cossacks had been bred, / Of whom we in diurnals read.

4. (archaic) A daily news publication.

Translations

flower that opens during the day

book of canonical offices

• Catalan: diürnal m
• Hungarian: diurnálé
• Italian: diurno (it), diurnale
• Portuguese: diurno (pt) m
• Slovene: dnevnik (sl) m

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /djyʁ.nal/

Noun

diurnal m (plural diurnaux)

1. diurnal (book)

Further reading

• “diurnal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French diurnal or Latin diurnalis. By surface analysis, diurn +‎ -al. Doublet of jurnal.

Adjective

diurnal m or n (feminine singular diurnală, masculine plural diurnali, feminine and neuter plural diurnale)

1. diurnal

Declension

Declension of diurnal

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	diurnal		diurnală		diurnali	diurnale
	definite	diurnalul		diurnala		diurnalii	diurnalele
genitive- dative	indefinite	diurnal		diurnale		diurnali	diurnale
	definite	diurnalului		diurnalei		diurnalilor	diurnalelor

Noun

diurnal n (plural diurnale)

1. diurnal

Declension

Declension of diurnal

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	diurnal	diurnalul		diurnale	diurnalele
genitive-dative	diurnal	diurnalului		diurnale	diurnalelor
vocative	diurnalule			diurnalelor