encerrar

Portuguese

Etymology

From en- +‎ cerrar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.seˈha(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.seˈha(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.seˈha(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.seˈha(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.seˈʁa(ɾ)/ [ẽ.seˈha(ɾ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.seˈʁa(ɾ)/ [ĩ.seˈha(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.seˈχa(χ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.seˈχa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.seˈʁa(ɻ)/ [ẽ.seˈha(ɻ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.seˈʁa(ɻ)/ [ĩ.seˈha(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.sɨˈʁaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.sɨˈʁaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.sɨˈʁa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: en‧cer‧rar

Verb

encerrar (first-person singular present encerro, first-person singular preterite encerrei, past participle encerrado)

1. to contain
2. to complete, finish
3. (computing) to shut down

Conjugation

    Conjugation of encerrar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	encerrar
Personal	encerrar	encerrares	encerrar	encerrarmos	encerrardes	encerrarem
Gerund
	encerrando
Past participle
Masculine	encerrado			encerrados
Feminine	encerrada			encerradas
Indicative
Present	encerro	encerras	encerra	encerramos	encerrais	encerram
Imperfect	encerrava	encerravas	encerrava	encerrávamos	encerráveis	encerravam
Preterite	encerrei	encerraste	encerrou	encerramos1, encerrámos2	encerrastes	encerraram
Pluperfect	encerrara	encerraras	encerrara	encerráramos	encerráreis	encerraram
Future	encerrarei	encerrarás	encerrará	encerraremos	encerrareis	encerrarão
Conditional	encerraria	encerrarias	encerraria	encerraríamos	encerraríeis	encerrariam
Subjunctive
Present	encerre	encerres	encerre	encerremos	encerreis	encerrem
Imperfect	encerrasse	encerrasses	encerrasse	encerrássemos	encerrásseis	encerrassem
Future	encerrar	encerrares	encerrar	encerrarmos	encerrardes	encerrarem
Imperative
Affirmative		encerra	encerre	encerremos	encerrai	encerrem
Negative (não)		não encerres	não encerre	não encerremos	não encerreis	não encerrem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

From en- +‎ cerrar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /enθeˈraɾ/ [ẽn̟.θeˈraɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /enseˈraɾ/ [ẽn.seˈraɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: en‧ce‧rrar

Verb

encerrar (first-person singular present encierro, first-person singular preterite encerré, past participle encerrado)

1. to lock up, to coop up

   Synonym: recluir

2. to lock away, put away, to imprison, to nail (in a prison or mental hospital)
3. to enclose, to confine, to immure
4. to contain, to hold, to include, to encapsulate, to entail
5. (games) to stalemate
6. (typography) to separate (between brackets, commas)
7. (reflexive) to take over; occupy (a building)
8. (reflexive) to shut oneself up, to withdraw, to shut away oneself, to shut off oneself, to lock up or lock down oneself, to close off oneself
9. (reflexive) to shy away

Conjugation

    Conjugation of encerrar (e-ie alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			encerrar
gerund			encerrando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		encerrado		encerrada
		plural		encerrados		encerradas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	encierro	encierrastú encerrásvos	encierra	encerramos	encerráis	encierran
	imperfect	encerraba	encerrabas	encerraba	encerrábamos	encerrabais	encerraban
	preterite	encerré	encerraste	encerró	encerramos	encerrasteis	encerraron
	future	encerraré	encerrarás	encerrará	encerraremos	encerraréis	encerrarán
	conditional	encerraría	encerrarías	encerraría	encerraríamos	encerraríais	encerrarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	encierre	encierrestú encerrésvos2	encierre	encerremos	encerréis	encierren
	imperfect (ra)	encerrara	encerraras	encerrara	encerráramos	encerrarais	encerraran
	imperfect (se)	encerrase	encerrases	encerrase	encerrásemos	encerraseis	encerrasen
	future1	encerrare	encerrares	encerrare	encerráremos	encerrareis	encerraren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		encierratú encerrávos	encierre	encerremos	encerrad	encierren
	negative		no encierres	no encierre	no encerremos	no encerréis	no encierren

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of encerrar (e-ie alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive encerrar
	dative	encerrarme	encerrarte	encerrarle, encerrarse	encerrarnos	encerraros	encerrarles, encerrarse
	accusative	encerrarme	encerrarte	encerrarlo, encerrarla, encerrarse	encerrarnos	encerraros	encerrarlos, encerrarlas, encerrarse
with gerund encerrando
	dative	encerrándome	encerrándote	encerrándole, encerrándose	encerrándonos	encerrándoos	encerrándoles, encerrándose
	accusative	encerrándome	encerrándote	encerrándolo, encerrándola, encerrándose	encerrándonos	encerrándoos	encerrándolos, encerrándolas, encerrándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative encierra
	dative	enciérrame	enciérrate	enciérrale	enciérranos	not used	enciérrales
	accusative	enciérrame	enciérrate	enciérralo, enciérrala	enciérranos	not used	enciérralos, enciérralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative encerrá
	dative	encerrame	encerrate	encerrale	encerranos	not used	encerrales
	accusative	encerrame	encerrate	encerralo, encerrala	encerranos	not used	encerralos, encerralas
with formal second-person singular imperative encierre
	dative	enciérreme	not used	enciérrele, enciérrese	enciérrenos	not used	enciérreles
	accusative	enciérreme	not used	enciérrelo, enciérrela, enciérrese	enciérrenos	not used	enciérrelos, enciérrelas
with first-person plural imperative encerremos
	dative	not used	encerrémoste	encerrémosle	encerrémonos	encerrémoos	encerrémosles
	accusative	not used	encerrémoste	encerrémoslo, encerrémosla	encerrémonos	encerrémoos	encerrémoslos, encerrémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative encerrad
	dative	encerradme	not used	encerradle	encerradnos	encerraos	encerradles
	accusative	encerradme	not used	encerradlo, encerradla	encerradnos	encerraos	encerradlos, encerradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative encierren
	dative	enciérrenme	not used	enciérrenle	enciérrennos	not used	enciérrenles, enciérrense
	accusative	enciérrenme	not used	enciérrenlo, enciérrenla	enciérrennos	not used	enciérrenlos, enciérrenlas, enciérrense

Derived terms

• encerramiento
• encerrona
• encierro

 

See also

• encerar

Further reading

• “encerrar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014