horizon

Contents

English

Etymology

From Old French orizon, via Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /həˈɹaɪzən/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Noun

horizon (plural horizons)

1. The visible horizontal line or point (in all directions) that appears to connect the Earth to the sky.

   A tall building was visible on the horizon.

2. The range or limit of one's knowledge, experience or interest.

   Some students take a gap year after finishing high school to broaden their horizons.

3. The range or limit of any dimension in which one exists.
   • 2003, Miguel de Beistegui, Thinking with Heidegger: Displacements, →ISBN, page 157:

     Only mortality, this irreducible and primordial horizon, that very horizon which, in Being and Time, Heidegger so compellingly revealed as the unsurpassable and defining possibility, remains.

4. (geology) A specific layer of soil or strata
5. (archaeology, chiefly US) A cultural sub-period or level within a more encompassing time period.
6. Any level line or surface.

Synonyms

• (line separating Earth and sky): skysill, skyline

Derived terms

• archaeological horizon
• artificial horizon
• event horizon
• radar horizon

Related terms

• horizontal

Translations

line that appears to separate the Earth from the sky

• Afrikaans: horison
• Albanian: horizont (sq) m
• Arabic: أُفُق‎ m (ʾufuq) (plural: آفاق‎ (ar) m pl (ʾāfāq))
• Armenian: հորիզոն (hy) (horizon)
• Aromanian: ndzari f
• Asturian: horizonte m
• Aymara: chhaqachhaqa
• Azerbaijani: üfüq (az)
• Bashkir: офоҡ (ofoq)
• Belarusian: гарызо́нт m (haryzónt)
• Bengali: দিগন্ত (digôntô)
• Bulgarian: хоризо́нт (bg) m (horizónt)
• Burmese: မိုးကုပ်စက်ဝိုင်း (my) (mui:kupcak-wuing:)
• Catalan: horitzó (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 地平線 (zh), 地平线 (zh) (dìpíngxiàn), 天際 (zh), 天际 (zh) (tiānjì), 天邊 (zh), 天边 (zh) (tiānbiān)

• Czech: obzor (cs) m, horizont (cs) m
• Danish: horisont (da) c
• Dutch: horizon (nl) m, horizont (nl) m, einder (nl) m, kim (nl) f
• Esperanto: horizonto
• Estonian: silmapiir, horisont
• Faroese: sjónarringur m, havsbrúgv f, havsbrún f, væðing f, himinjaðari m
• Finnish: horisontti (fi), taivaanranta (fi)
• French: horizon (fr) m
• Galician: horizonte m
• Georgian: ჰორიზონტი (horizonṭi)
• German: Horizont (de)
• Greek: ορίζοντας (el) m (orízontas)
• Hebrew: אופק \ אֹפֶק‎ (he) m (ófek)
• Hindi: क्षितिज (hi) m (kṣitij)
• Hungarian: horizont (hu)
• Icelandic: sjóndeildarhringur (is) m, sjónbaugur m
• Ido: horizonto (io)
• Indonesian: horison, kaki langit (id)
• Irish: spéire f
• Italian: orizzonte (it)
• Japanese: 地平線 (ちへいせん, chiheisen), 水平線 (すいへいせん, suiheisen) (at water area)
• Kazakh: көкжиек (kökjïek)
• Khmer: ជើងមេឃ (cəəŋ meek), នភាបាទ (neaʔpʰiebaat)
• Korean: 지평선 (ko) (jipyeongseon), 수평선 (ko) (supyeongseon) (at water area)
• Kurdish:

  Sorani: ئاسۆ‎ (aso)

• Kyrgyz: горизонт (ky) (gorizont)
• Lao: ຂອບຟ້າ (khǭp fā), ຟາກຟ້າ (fāk fā)
• Latin: fīniens m, horizōn m

• Latvian: horizonts m
• Lithuanian: horizontas m
• Low German:

  German Low German: Kimm f, Kimming f

• Macedonian: хоризонт m (horizont)
• Malay: kaki langit, ufuk
• Maori: huapae, paerangi, taharangi, tahatū o te rangi, paewai o te moana, tāhapatū o te rangi, tauriparipa, tāepaepatanga o te rangi, paewai o te rangi, taha o te rangi, paewhenua (over land)
• Marathi: क्षितिज m (kṣitij)
• Mongolian: тэнгэрийн хаяа (tengerijn hajaa)
• Nahuatl: ahuemaniliztli
• Navajo: yákʼaashbąąh
• Norwegian: horisont (no) m, blåne
• Pashto: افق‎ (ps) (ufúq)
• Persian: افق‎ (fa) (ofoq)
• Polish: horyzont (pl) m, widnokrąg (pl) m, nieboskłon (pl) m
• Portuguese: horizonte (pt) m
• Quechua: pachapanta, winkumuyu
• Romanian: orizont (ro) n, orizonturi n pl, zare (ro) f, zariște (ro) f
• Russian: горизо́нт (ru) m (gorizónt), небоскло́н (ru) m (nebosklón)
• Sanskrit: क्षितिज (sa) n (kṣitija)
• Scottish Gaelic: fàire f
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: хоризонт m

  Roman: horizont (sh) m

• Sinhalese: ක්ෂිතිජය (kṣitijaya)
• Slovak: horizont m, obzor m
• Slovene: obzorje n
• Spanish: horizonte (es) m
• Swedish: horisont (sv) c
• Tagalog: abot-tanaw, kagiliran
• Tajik: уфуқ (ufuq)
• Tamil: கீழ்வானம் (ta) (kīḻvāṉam)
• Tatar: офык (tt) (ofıq)
• Thai: ขอบฟ้า (th) (kɔ̀ɔp-fáa)
• Turkish: ufuk (tr)
• Turkmen: gözýetim
• Ukrainian: горизо́нт m (horyzónt)
• Urdu: افق‎ (ur) (ufuq)
• Uyghur: ئۇپۇق‎ (upuq)
• Uzbek: ufq (uz)
• Vietnamese: chân trời (vi)
• Volapük: horit (vo)
• Welsh: gorwel (cy), gorwelion (cy) m pl
• Yiddish: האָריזאָנט‎ m (horizont)

a specific layer of soil or strata

• Bulgarian: хоризонт (bg) m (horizont)

• Tagalog: kagiliran

See also

• vertical

Further reading

• horizon on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

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Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɦoː.ri.zɔn/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

horizon m (plural horizonten or horizonnen)

1. horizon

   Synonyms: kim, einder

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”).

Pronunciation

• ^{(mute h)} IPA^(key): /ɔ.ʁi.zɔ̃/

• Audio (France, Paris)

  (file)

• Homophone: horizons
• Hyphenation: ho‧ri‧zon

Noun

horizon m (plural horizons)

1. horizon

Derived terms

• bleu horizon
• horizon rationnel
• horizon sensible
• horizonner
• horizontal

Further reading

• “horizon” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈho.ri.zoːn/, [ˈhɔ.rɪ.zoːn]

Noun

horizōn m (genitive horizontos or horizontis); third

1. horizon

Inflection

Third declension, Greek type, nominative singular in -ōn. Alternative genitive singular and plural and accusative plural may be attested or may be reconstructed by lexicographers due to horizōn having been imported from the Ancient Greek masculine present active participle.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	horizōn	horizontēs
Genitive	horizontis horizontos	horizontum horizontium
Dative	horizontī	horizontibus
Accusative	horizonta	horizontēs horizontās
Ablative	horizonte	horizontibus
Vocative	horizōn	horizontēs

Descendants

• Catalan: horitzó
• Dutch: horizon
• English: horizon
• French: horizon
• German: Horizont

• Italian: orizzonte
• Portuguese: horizonte
• Romanian: orizont
• Spanish: horizonte

References

• horizon in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• horizon in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette