Wiktionary

kim

See also: Kim, kìm, kiṃ, kim-, and ким-

Afrikaans

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Etymology

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From Dutch kim, from Middle Dutch kimme.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kim (plural kimme)

  1. horizon
    Synonym: horison

Ainu

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kim (Kana spelling キム)

  1. mountain

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Western Old Japanese: [script needed] (kî)

References

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Azerbaijani

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Etymology

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Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).[1] Cognate with Turkish kim, Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who”), etc.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [cim]
  • Audio (Baku):(file)

Pronoun

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kim (definite accusative kimi, plural kimlər)

  1. who

Declension

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    Declension of kim
singular plural
nominative kim
 kimlər
definite accusative kimi
 kimləri
dative kimə
 kimlərə
locative kimdə
 kimlərdə
ablative kimdən
 kimlərdən
definite genitive kimin
 kimlərin
    Possessive forms of kim
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) kimim kimlərim
sənin (“your”) kimin kimlərin
onun (“his/her/its”) kimi kimləri
bizim (“our”) kimimiz kimlərimiz
sizin (“your”) kiminiz kimləriniz
onların (“their”) kimi or kimləri kimləri
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) kimimi kimlərimi
sənin (“your”) kimini kimlərini
onun (“his/her/its”) kimini kimlərini
bizim (“our”) kimimizi kimlərimizi
sizin (“your”) kiminizi kimlərinizi
onların (“their”) kimini or kimlərini kimlərini
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) kimimə kimlərimə
sənin (“your”) kiminə kimlərinə
onun (“his/her/its”) kiminə kimlərinə
bizim (“our”) kimimizə kimlərimizə
sizin (“your”) kiminizə kimlərinizə
onların (“their”) kiminə or kimlərinə kimlərinə
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) kimimdə kimlərimdə
sənin (“your”) kimində kimlərində
onun (“his/her/its”) kimində kimlərində
bizim (“our”) kimimizdə kimlərimizdə
sizin (“your”) kiminizdə kimlərinizdə
onların (“their”) kimində or kimlərində kimlərində
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) kimimdən kimlərimdən
sənin (“your”) kimindən kimlərindən
onun (“his/her/its”) kimindən kimlərindən
bizim (“our”) kimimizdən kimlərimizdən
sizin (“your”) kiminizdən kimlərinizdən
onların (“their”) kimindən or kimlərindən kimlərindən
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) kimimin kimlərimin
sənin (“your”) kiminin kimlərinin
onun (“his/her/its”) kiminin kimlərinin
bizim (“our”) kimimizin kimlərimizin
sizin (“your”) kiminizin kimlərinizin
onların (“their”) kiminin or kimlərinin kimlərinin

Derived terms

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See also

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Azerbaijani interrogative pro-forms
English Azerbaijani
what nə, (dialectal) nəmənə
who kim
which hansı
which (in a numbered series) neçənci
who (by occupation) nəçi
who (by origin) haralı
where (which place) hara, hayan, (colloquial) hanı, (dialectal) həncəri
where (at which place) harada, hayanda
whither (to which place) hara, haraya, hayana
whence (from which place) haradan, hayandan
when nə vaxt, nə zaman, haçan, (colloquial) havaxt
why niyə, nə üçün, neyçün
how necə, nətər, nə təhər, (archaic) nə tövr, nə cür, (dialectal) həncəri
how much nə qədər
how many neçə

References

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  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kem, *Ka-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Crimean Tatar

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Etymology

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Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).

Pronoun

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kim

  1. who, whom

Declension

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Declension of kim
nominative kim
genitive kimniñ
dative kimge
accusative kimni
locative kimde
ablative kimden

References

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  • Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎[1], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

Danish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kiːm/, [kʰiːˀm]

Noun

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kim c or n (singular definite kimen or kimet, plural indefinite kim, plural definite kimene)

  1. germ
  2. seeds pl

Dutch

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Etymology

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From Middle Dutch kimme. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kim f (plural kimmen, diminutive kimmetje n)

  1. horizon

Synonyms

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Anagrams

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Eskayan

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Pronoun

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kim

  1. we; us (1st person plural exclusive absolutive form)

Hokkien

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For pronunciation and definitions of kim – see 金 (“copper; metal; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 金).

Hungarian

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Etymology

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ki (“who”) +‎ -m (“my, of mine”, possessive suffix)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈkim]
  • Hyphenation: kim

Pronoun

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kim

  1. first-person singular single-possession possessive of ki
    Kim vagy te nekem? - Én nem Kim vagyok, hanem a bácsikád. ― Who of mine are you? - I'm not Kim but your uncle.

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative kim —
accusative kimet —
dative kimnek —
instrumental kimmel —
causal-final kimért —
translative kimmé —
terminative kimig —
essive-formal kimként —
essive-modal — —
inessive kimben —
superessive kimen —
adessive kimnél —
illative kimbe —
sublative kimre —
allative kimhez —
elative kimből —
delative kimről —
ablative kimtől —
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		kimé —
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		kiméi —

Karaim

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Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Relate to Crimean Tatar kim ,Karachay-Balkar ким (kim) ,Kumyk ким (kim) , Urum ким (kim) ,Tofa ӄум (qum), Tuvan кым (kım), etc.

Pronoun

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kim

  1. who

References

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kim

Khalaj

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Perso-Arabic کیم

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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kim (oblique, plural stem)

  1. Alternative form of kêm (“who”).

References

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  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1988) Grammatik des Chaladsch [Grammar of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, →OCLC

Livonian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *kümmen. Akin to Finnish kymmenen.

Numeral

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kim

  1. ten

Usage notes

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In names of tens kim takes on the form kimdõ – declension type 118 – sieldõ. In vīžkimdõ both compound components are declineable, e.g., in genitive vīdkimdõ.

Declension

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Declension of kim (126)
singular (ikšlug) plural (pǟgiņlug)
nominative (nominatīv) kim kimmõd
genitive (genitīv) kim kimmõd
partitive (partitīv) kimmõ kimmidi
dative (datīv) kimmõn kimmõdõn
instrumental (instrumentāl) kimmõks kimmõdõks
illative (illatīv) kimmõ kimmiž
inessive (inesīv) kims
kimsõ 		kimmis
elative (elatīv) kimst
kimstõ 		kimmist
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Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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kim

  1. instrumental of chto
  2. locative of chto

Middle Vietnamese

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Etymology

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From Proto-Vietic *kiːm, from Chinese 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums).

Noun

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kim

  1. needle

Descendants

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  • Vietnamese: kim

References

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Muong

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Etymology

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From Proto-Vietic *kiːm, from Chinese 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums). Cognate with Vietnamese kim.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kim

  1. (Mường Bi) needle

References

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  • Nguyễn Văn Khang, Bùi Chỉ, Hoàng Văn Hành (2002) Từ điển Mường - Việt (Muong - Vietnamese dictionary), Nhà xuất bản Văn hoá Dân tộc Hà Nội

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Noun

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kim m (definite singular kimen, indefinite plural kimar, definite plural kimane)

  1. Alternative form of kime

Polish

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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kim

  1. instrumental of kto
  2. locative of kto

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from German Kümmel, from Latin cuminum, from Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kȉm m (Cyrillic spelling ки̏м)

  1. caraway (Persian cumin)
Declension
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Declension of kim
singular plural
nominative kim kimovi
genitive kima kimova
dative kimu kimovima
accusative kim kimove
vocative kime kimovi
locative kimu kimovima
instrumental kimom kimovima

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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kȋm (Cyrillic spelling ки̑м)

  1. (with) whom (instrumental)
Declension
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Declension of kim
singular/plural
nominative tkȍ, kȍ
genitive kȍg, kòga
dative kȍm, kòmu, kòme
accusative kȍg. kòga
vocative —
locative kòm, kòme
instrumental kȋm, kíme

Turkish

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Etymology

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From Ottoman Turkish كیم (kim, “who”), from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who”), Karakhanid كِمْ (kim, “who”).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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kim

  1. who

Declension

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Inflection
Nominative kim
Definite accusative kimi
Singular Plural
Nominative kim kimler
Definite accusative kimi kimleri
Dative kime kimlere
Locative kimde kimlerde
Ablative kimden kimlerden
Genitive kimin kimlerin

Derived terms

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Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Sino-Vietnamese word from 金 (“metal; gold”).

This reading is irregular, the expected reading would be *câm; cf. cấm < 禁 (MC kimH), cầm < 琴 (MC gim). ⟨-im⟩ is a very rare rime in Sino-Vietnamese proper, with this and the homophonous kim < 今 (MC kim) being the only examples.

It is possible that the usage of kim as the Sino-Vietnamese reading for 金 (MC kim) and 今 (MC kim) was to avoid homophony with câm (“mute”), although it is difficult to be sure. The much less common 衿 (MC kim) (that basically has no usage in Vietnamese) is considered to have the expected reading câm.

Also possibly compare Korean 금 (geum) and 김 (gim), the former is the expected Sino-Korean reading of 金 (MC kim) while the latter found chiefly as a surname.

Noun

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kim

  1. (rare, only in compounds) metal
    ánh kim
    metallic shininess
  2. Metal, one of the Wu Xing
    Thổ sinh kim. Kim sinh thuỷ.
    Hoả khắc kim. Kim khắc mộc.
    Earth bears Metal. Metal enriches Water.
    Fire melts Metal. Metal chops Wood.
Derived terms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Middle Vietnamese kim, from Proto-Vietic *kiːm. Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 針 (“needle”, SV: châm). Cognate to Muong kim.

Noun

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(classifier cây) kim

  1. a needle
  2. (of a clock/watch) a hand
Derived terms
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See also

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Volapük

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Pronoun

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kim

  1. who (nominative)

Inflection

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White Hmong

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 貴 (kʉiH, “expensive”)

Adjective

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kim

  1. expensive
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Etymology 2

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From Mandarin 跪 (guì) ("to kneel").

Verb

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kim

  1. to kneel on one knee
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