kim
English
editNoun
editkim (uncountable)
- Alternative form of gim (“edible seaweed”)
Afrikaans
editEtymology
editFrom Dutch kim, from Middle Dutch kimme.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkim (plural kimme)
Ainu
editPronunciation
editNoun
editkim (Kana spelling キム)
Derived terms
edit- kimpe (“bear”)
Descendants
edit- Western Old Japanese: [script needed] (kî)
References
edit- Bugaeva, Anna. Handbook of the Ainu Language, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501502859
Azerbaijani
editEtymology
editUltimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).[1] Cognate with Turkish kim, Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who”), etc.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editkim (definite accusative kimi, plural kimlər)
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | kim | kimlər |
definite accusative | kimi | kimləri |
dative | kimə | kimlərə |
locative | kimdə | kimlərdə |
ablative | kimdən | kimlərdən |
definite genitive | kimin | kimlərin |
Derived terms
editSee also
edit- what: nə, (dialectal) nəmənə
- who: kim
- which: hansı
- which (in a numbered series): neçənci
- who (by occupation): nəçi
- who (by origin): haralı
- where (which place): hara, hayan, (colloquial) hanı, (dialectal) həncəri
- where (at which place): harada, hayanda
- whither (to which place): hara, haraya, hayana
- whence (from which place): haradan, hayandan
- when: nə vaxt, nə zaman, haçan, (colloquial) havaxt
- why: niyə, nə üçün, neyçün
- how: necə, nətər, nə təhər, (archaic) nə tövr, nə cür, (dialectal) həncəri
- how much: nə qədər
- how many: neçə
References
edit- ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kem, *Ka-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Crimean Tatar
editEtymology
editUltimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).
Pronoun
editkim
Declension
editnominative | kim |
---|---|
genitive | kimniñ |
dative | kimge |
accusative | kimni |
locative | kimde |
ablative | kimden |
References
editDanish
editPronunciation
editNoun
editkim c or n (singular definite kimen or kimet, plural indefinite kim, plural definite kimene)
Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Dutch kimme. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkim f (plural kimmen, diminutive kimmetje n)
Synonyms
editAnagrams
editEskayan
editPronoun
editkim
Gagauz
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Anatolian Turkish كِمْ (kim, gim), from Proto-Turkic *kem.[1] Compare Turkish kim, Azerbaijani kim.[2]
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editkim (accusative kimi, plural kimnär)
- (interrogative) who?
- kimi inanêrsın?
- who do you believe?
- 2015 November 24, Yuliya JEREBŢOVA, “İntelektual oyunu “KİM İSTEER OLMAA HALİZ GAGAUZ””, in Ana Sözü[2]:
- Kasım ayın 17-dä Kiriyet küüyün “Dionis TANASOGLU” adına teoretik liţeyindä, 9-cu klaslar için, seftä geçti pek meraklı bit intelektual oyunu – “KİM İSTEER OLMAA HALİZ GAGAUZ”. Hazırladı onu liţeyin gagauz dilindä hem literaturasında üüredici Anna Kirilovna KOLOMİİTSEVA.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2019 April 10, Todur Zanet, “Bu bokluklardan tarafımızı kim paklayacek?”, in Ana Sözü[3]:
- Bu bokluklardan tarafımızı kim paklayacek?
- Who will clean our place from these crap?
- (relative) who, that
- kardaşım, kim bırda yaşêêr
- my sibling who lives here
Declension
editsingular (tekil) | plural (çoğul) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (yalın) | kim | kimnär |
definite accusative (belirtme) | kimi | kimneri |
dative (yönelme) | kimä | kimnerä |
locative (bulunma) | kimdä | kimnerdä |
ablative (çıkma) | kimdän | kimnerdän |
genitive (tamlayan) | kimin | kimnerin |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kim”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- ^ András Rajki, A Concise Gagauz Dictionary with etymologies and Turkish, Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar and Turkmen cognates, 2007
Further reading
edit- N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “ким”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 269
- Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), “kimi”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN
- Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “kimi”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 100
Hokkien
editFor pronunciation and definitions of kim – see 金 (“copper; metal; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 金). |
Hungarian
editEtymology
editki (“who”) + -m (“my, of mine”, possessive suffix)
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editkim
- first-person singular single-possession possessive of ki
- Kim vagy te nekem? - Én nem Kim vagyok, hanem a bácsikád. ― Who of mine are you? - I'm not Kim but your uncle.
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | kim | — |
accusative | kimet | — |
dative | kimnek | — |
instrumental | kimmel | — |
causal-final | kimért | — |
translative | kimmé | — |
terminative | kimig | — |
essive-formal | kimként | — |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | kimben | — |
superessive | kimen | — |
adessive | kimnél | — |
illative | kimbe | — |
sublative | kimre | — |
allative | kimhez | — |
elative | kimből | — |
delative | kimről | — |
ablative | kimtől | — |
non-attributive possessive – singular |
kimé | — |
non-attributive possessive – plural |
kiméi | — |
Karaim
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Relate to Crimean Tatar kim ,Karachay-Balkar ким (kim) ,Kumyk ким (kim) , Urum ким (kim) ,Tofa ӄум (qum), Tuvan кым (kım), etc.
Pronoun
editkim
References
editKhalaj
editPerso-Arabic | کیم |
---|
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editkim (oblique, plural stem)
- Alternative form of kêm (“who”).
References
edit- Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1988) Grammatik des Chaladsch [Grammar of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, →OCLC
Livonian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *kümmen. Akin to Finnish kymmenen.
Numeral
editkim
Usage notes
editIn names of tens kim takes on the form kimdõ – declension type 118 – sieldõ. In vīžkimdõ both compound components are declineable, e.g., in genitive vīdkimdõ.
Declension
editsingular (ikšlug) | plural (pǟgiņlug) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīv) | kim | kimmõd |
genitive (genitīv) | kim | kimmõd |
partitive (partitīv) | kimmõ | kimmidi |
dative (datīv) | kimmõn | kimmõdõn |
instrumental (instrumentāl) | kimmõks | kimmõdõks |
illative (illatīv) | kimmõ | kimmiž |
inessive (inesīv) | kims kimsõ |
kimmis |
elative (elatīv) | kimst kimstõ |
kimmist |
Related terms
editSee also
editLower Sorbian
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editkim
- instrumental of chto
- locative of chto
Middle Vietnamese
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Vietic *kiːm, from Chinese 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums).
Noun
editkim
Descendants
edit- Vietnamese: kim
References
edit- Alexandre de Rhodes (1651) “kim”, in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome: Propaganda Fide
Muong
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Vietic *kiːm, from Chinese 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums). Cognate with Vietnamese kim.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkim
- (Mường Bi) needle
References
edit- Nguyễn Văn Khang, Bùi Chỉ, Hoàng Văn Hành (2002) Từ điển Mường - Việt (Muong - Vietnamese dictionary)[4], Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Văn hoá Dân tộc Hà Nội.
Norwegian Nynorsk
editNoun
editkim m (definite singular kimen, indefinite plural kimar, definite plural kimane)
- Alternative form of kime
Polish
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editkim
- instrumental of kto
- locative of kto
Serbo-Croatian
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from German Kümmel, from Latin cuminum, from Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkȉm m (Cyrillic spelling ки̏м)
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | kim | kimovi |
genitive | kima | kimova |
dative | kimu | kimovima |
accusative | kim | kimove |
vocative | kime | kimovi |
locative | kimu | kimovima |
instrumental | kimom | kimovima |
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editkȋm (Cyrillic spelling ки̑м)
- (with) whom (instrumental)
Declension
editTurkish
editEtymology
editFrom Ottoman Turkish كیم (kim, “who”), from Old Anatolian Turkish كِمْ (kim), from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who”), Karakhanid كِمْ (kim, “who”).
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editkim
- (interrogative) who
- kim onu gördü? ― who saw him?
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | kim | kimler |
definite accusative | kimi | kimleri |
dative | kime | kimlere |
locative | kimde | kimlerde |
ablative | kimden | kimlerden |
genitive | kimin | kimlerin |
Conjunction
editkim
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- “kim”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kim”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Vietnamese
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editSino-Vietnamese word from 金 (“metal; gold”).
This reading is irregular, the expected reading would be *câm; cf. cấm < 禁 (MC kimH), cầm < 琴 (MC gim). ⟨-im⟩ is a very rare rime in Sino-Vietnamese proper, with this and the homophonous kim < 今 (MC kim) being the only examples.
It is possible that the usage of kim as the Sino-Vietnamese reading for 金 (MC kim) and 今 (MC kim) was to avoid homophony with câm (“mute”), although it is difficult to be sure. The much less common 衿 (MC kim) (that basically has no usage in Vietnamese) is considered to have the expected reading câm.
Also possibly compare Korean 금 (geum) and 김 (gim), the former is the expected Sino-Korean reading of 金 (MC kim) while the latter found chiefly as a surname.
Noun
editkim
- (rare, only in compounds) metal
- ánh kim
- metallic shininess
- Metal, one of the Wu Xing
- Thổ sinh kim. Kim sinh thuỷ.
Hoả khắc kim. Kim khắc mộc.- Earth bears Metal. Metal enriches Water.
Fire melts Metal. Metal chops Wood.
- Earth bears Metal. Metal enriches Water.
Derived terms
editSee also
editEtymology 2
editFrom Proto-Vietic *kiːm. Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 針 (“needle”, SV: châm). Cognate to Muong kim.
Attested as kim in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).
Noun
edit(classifier cây) kim
Derived terms
editSee also
editVolapük
editPronoun
editkim
- who (nominative)
Inflection
editWhite Hmong
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Chinese 貴 (kjw+jH, “expensive”)
Adjective
editkim
See also
editEtymology 2
editFrom Mandarin 跪 (guì) ("to kneel").
Verb
editkim
- to kneel on one knee
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans nouns
- Ainu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ainu lemmas
- Ainu nouns
- Azerbaijani terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms with IPA pronunciation
- Azerbaijani terms with audio pronunciation
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani pronouns
- Crimean Tatar terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Crimean Tatar terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Crimean Tatar lemmas
- Crimean Tatar pronouns
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Danish neuter nouns
- Danish nouns with multiple genders
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪm
- Dutch terms with homophones
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch feminine nouns
- Eskayan lemmas
- Eskayan pronouns
- Gagauz terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Gagauz terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Gagauz terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Gagauz terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Gagauz terms with IPA pronunciation
- Gagauz lemmas
- Gagauz pronouns
- Gagauz terms with usage examples
- Gagauz terms with quotations
- Chinese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Chinese proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Hokkien pe̍h-ōe-jī forms
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian non-lemma forms
- Hungarian pronoun forms
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian 3-letter words
- Karaim terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Karaim terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Karaim lemmas
- Karaim pronouns
- Khalaj terms with IPA pronunciation
- Khalaj lemmas
- Khalaj pronouns
- Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Livonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Livonian lemmas
- Livonian numerals
- Livonian cardinal numbers
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lower Sorbian non-lemma forms
- Lower Sorbian pronoun forms
- Middle Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic
- Middle Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic
- Middle Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese
- Middle Vietnamese lemmas
- Middle Vietnamese nouns
- Muong terms inherited from Proto-Vietic
- Muong terms derived from Proto-Vietic
- Muong terms derived from Chinese
- Muong terms with IPA pronunciation
- Muong lemmas
- Muong nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/im
- Rhymes:Polish/im/1 syllable
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish pronoun forms
- Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from German
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from German
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Latin
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian pronouns
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish terms with audio pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish pronouns
- Turkish terms with usage examples
- Turkish conjunctions
- Turkish terms with archaic senses
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese terms with audio pronunciation
- Sino-Vietnamese words
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese terms with rare senses
- Vietnamese terms with usage examples
- Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic
- Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic
- Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese
- Vietnamese nouns classified by cây
- vi:Sewing
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük pronouns
- White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation
- White Hmong terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- White Hmong terms derived from Middle Chinese
- White Hmong lemmas
- White Hmong adjectives
- White Hmong terms borrowed from Mandarin
- White Hmong terms derived from Mandarin
- White Hmong verbs