kim
AfrikaansEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch kim, from Middle Dutch kimme.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
kim (plural kimme)
AinuEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
kim (Kana spelling キム)
Derived termsEdit
- kimpe (“bear”)
DescendantsEdit
- Western Old Japanese: [script needed] (kî)
ReferencesEdit
- Bugaeva, Anna. Handbook of the Ainu Language, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501502859
AzerbaijaniEdit
EtymologyEdit
Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).[1] Cognate with Turkish kim, Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who”), etc.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
kim (definite accusative kimi, plural kimlər)
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of kim | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| nominative | kim |
kimlər | ||||||
| definite accusative | kimi |
kimləri | ||||||
| dative | kimə |
kimlərə | ||||||
| locative | kimdə |
kimlərdə | ||||||
| ablative | kimdən |
kimlərdən | ||||||
| definite genitive | kimin |
kimlərin | ||||||
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
| English | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| what | nə, nəmənə (South Azerbaijani) |
| who | kim |
| which | hansı |
| which (in a numbered series) | neçənci |
| who (by occupation) | nəçi |
| who (by origin) | haralı |
| where (which place) | hara |
| where (at which place) | harada |
| whither (to which place) | hara, haraya |
| whence (from which place) | haradan |
| when | nə vaxt, nə zaman, haçan, havaxt (colloquial) |
| why | niyə, nə üçün, neyçün |
| how | necə, nətər |
| how much | nə qədər |
| how many | neçə |
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*kem, *Ka-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Crimean TatarEdit
EtymologyEdit
Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).
PronounEdit
kim
DeclensionEdit
| nominative | kim |
|---|---|
| genitive | kimniñ |
| dative | kimge |
| accusative | kimni |
| locative | kimde |
| ablative | kimden |
ReferencesEdit
DanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
kim c or n (singular definite kimen or kimet, plural indefinite kim, plural definite kimene)
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch kimme. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
kim f (plural kimmen, diminutive kimmetje n)
SynonymsEdit
AnagramsEdit
EskayanEdit
PronounEdit
kim
HungarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
ki (“who”) + -m (“my, of mine”, possessive suffix)
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
kim
- first-person singular single-possession possessive of ki
- Kim vagy te nekem? - Én nem Kim vagyok, hanem a bácsikád. ― Who of mine are you? - I'm not Kim but your uncle.
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | kim | — |
| accusative | kimet | — |
| dative | kimnek | — |
| instrumental | kimmel | — |
| causal-final | kimért | — |
| translative | kimmé | — |
| terminative | kimig | — |
| essive-formal | kimként | — |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | kimben | — |
| superessive | kimen | — |
| adessive | kimnél | — |
| illative | kimbe | — |
| sublative | kimre | — |
| allative | kimhez | — |
| elative | kimből | — |
| delative | kimről | — |
| ablative | kimtől | — |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
kimé | — |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
kiméi | — |
KaraimEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Relate to Crimean Tatar kim ,Karachay-Balkar ким (kim) ,Kumyk ким (kim) , Urum ким (kim) ,Tofa ӄум (qum), Tuvan кым (kım), etc.
PronounEdit
kim
ReferencesEdit
KhalajEdit
| Perso-Arabic | کیم | |
|---|---|---|
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
kim
ReferencesEdit
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
LivonianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *kümmen. Akin to Finnish kymmenen.
NumeralEdit
kim
Usage notesEdit
In names of tens kim takes on the form kimdõ – declension type 118 – sieldõ. In vīžkimdõ both compound components are declineable, e.g., in genitive vīdkimdõ.
DeclensionEdit
| singular (ikšlug) | plural (pǟgiņlug) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīv) | kim | kimmõd |
| genitive (genitīv) | kim | kimmõd |
| partitive (partitīv) | kimmõ | kimmidi |
| dative (datīv) | kimmõn | kimmõdõn |
| instrumental (instrumentāl) | kimmõks | kimmõdõks |
| illative (illatīv) | kimmõ | kimmiž |
| inessive (inesīv) | kims kimsõ |
kimmis |
| elative (elatīv) | kimst kimstõ |
kimmist |
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Lower SorbianEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
kim
- instrumental of chto
- locative of chto
Min NanEdit
| For pronunciation and definitions of kim – see 金 (“copper; metal; etc.”). (This character, kim, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 金.) |
Norwegian NynorskEdit
NounEdit
kim m (definite singular kimen, indefinite plural kimar, definite plural kimane)
- Alternative form of kime
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
kim
- instrumental of kto
- locative of kto
Serbo-CroatianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From German Kümmel, from Latin cuminum, from Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
kȉm m (Cyrillic spelling ки̏м)
DeclensionEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
kȋm (Cyrillic spelling ки̑м)
- (with) whom (instrumental)
DeclensionEdit
TurkishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Ottoman Turkish كیم (kim, “who”), from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who”), Karakhanid كِمْ (kim, “who”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
kim
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection | ||
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | kim | |
| Definite accusative | kimi | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | kim | kimler |
| Definite accusative | kimi | kimleri |
| Dative | kime | kimlere |
| Locative | kimde | kimlerde |
| Ablative | kimden | kimlerden |
| Genitive | kimin | kimlerin |
Derived termsEdit
VietnameseEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [kim˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [kim˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [kim˧˧]
Audio (Hà Nội) (file)
Etymology 1Edit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 金 (“metal; gold”).
This reading is irregular, the expected reading would be *câm; cf. cấm < 禁 (MC kˠiɪmH), cầm < 琴 (MC ɡˠiɪm). ⟨-im⟩ is a very rare rime in Sino-Vietnamese proper, with this and the homophonous kim < 今 (MC kˠiɪm) being the only examples.
It is possible that the usage of kim as the Sino-Vietnamese reading for 金 (MC kˠiɪm) and 今 (MC kˠiɪm) was to avoid homophony with câm (“mute”), although it is difficult to be sure. The much less common 衿 (MC kˠiɪm) (that basically has no usage in Vietnamese) is considered to have the expected reading câm.
NounEdit
kim
- (rare, only in compounds) metal
- Metal, one of the Wu Xing
- Thổ sinh kim. Kim sinh thuỷ.
Hoả khắc kim. Kim khắc mộc.- Earth bears Metal. Metal enriches Water.
Fire melts Metal. Metal chops Wood.
- Earth bears Metal. Metal enriches Water.
Derived termsEdit
- Kim
- á kim
- giả kim
- giả kim thuật
- hoàng kim
- hợp kim
- kim cương
- kim khí
- kim loại
- Kim tinh
- luyện kim
- nhà giả kim (“alchemist”)
- phi kim
- thuật giả kim (“alchemy”)
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Vietic *kiːm. Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 針 (“needle”, SV: châm).
NounEdit
(classifier cây) kim
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
VolapükEdit
PronounEdit
kim
- who (nominative)
InflectionEdit
White HmongEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
kim
See alsoEdit
VerbEdit
kim
- to kneel on one knee