jesti
Serbo-Croatian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ěsti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
jȅsti impf (Cyrillic spelling је̏сти)
- (transitive, intransitive) to eat, consume
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of jesti
| Infinitive: jesti | Present verbal adverb: jȅdūći | Past verbal adverb: jȅdāvši | Verbal noun: jȅdēnje | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
| Verbal forms | ja | ti | on / ona / ono | mi | vi | oni / one / ona | |
| Present | jedem | jedeš | jede | jedemo | jedete | jedu | |
| Future | Future I | jest ću1 ješću |
jest ćeš1 ješćeš |
jest će1 ješće |
jest ćemo1 ješćemo |
jest ćete1 ješćete |
jest će1 ješće |
| Future II | bȕdēm jeo2 | bȕdēš jeo2 | bȕdē jeo2 | bȕdēmo jeli2 | bȕdēte jeli2 | bȕdū jeli2 | |
| Past | Perfect | jeo sam2 | jeo si2 | jeo je2 | jeli smo2 | jeli ste2 | jeli su2 |
| Pluperfect3 | bȉo sam jeo2 | bȉo si jeo2 | bȉo je jeo2 | bíli smo jeli2 | bíli ste jeli2 | bíli su jeli2 | |
| Aorist | jedoh | jede | jede | jedosmo | jedoste | jedoše | |
| Imperfect | jedijah / jeđah | jedijaše / jeđaše | jedijaše / jeđaše | jedijasmo / jeđasmo | jedijaste / jeđaste | jedijahu / jeđahu | |
| Conditional I | jeo bih2 | jeo bi2 | jeo bi2 | jeli bismo2 | jeli biste2 | jeli bi2 | |
| Conditional II4 | bȉo bih jeo2 | bȉo bi jeo2 | bȉo bi jeo2 | bíli bismo jeli2 | bíli biste jeli2 | bíli bi jeli2 | |
| Imperative | — | jedi | — | jedimo | jedite | — | |
| Active past participle | jeo m / jela f / jelo n | jeli m / jele f / jela n | |||||
| Passive past participle | jeden m / jedena f / jedeno n | jedeni m / jedene f / jedena n | |||||
| 1 Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. 2 For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. 3 Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. 4 Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
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Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- Pero Budmani, editor (1892-1897), “jȅsti”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika[1] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 4, Zagreb: JAZU, page 622
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *ěsti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
jẹ́sti impf
- to eat
Inflection edit
| Athematic | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | jẹ́sti | |||||
| 1st singular | jẹ́m | |||||
| infinitive | jẹ́sti | jẹ̑st, jȅst | ||||
| supine | jẹ̑st | |||||
| verbal noun | jẹ́denje | |||||
| participle | converb | |||||
| present | jedọ̄č | — | ||||
| past | — | — | ||||
| l-participle | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| singular | jẹ̑dəł | jẹ́dla | jẹ́dlo | |||
| dual | jẹ́dla | jẹ́dli | jẹ́dli | |||
| plural | jẹ́dli | jẹ́dle | jẹ́dla | |||
| present | imperative | |||||
| 1st singular | jẹ́m | — | ||||
| 2nd singular | jẹ́š | jȅj, jẹ̑j | ||||
| 3rd singular | jẹ́ | — | ||||
| 1st dual | jẹ́va | jẹ̑jva | ||||
| 2nd dual | jẹ́sta | jẹ̑jta | ||||
| 3rd dual | jẹ́sta | — | ||||
| 1st plural | jẹ́mo | jẹ̑jmo | ||||
| 2nd plural | jẹ́ste | jẹ̑jte | ||||
| 3rd plural | jedọ́, jéjo | — | ||||
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “jesti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- Maks Pleteršnik, editor (1894), “jẹ́sti”, in Slovensko-nemški slovar (in Slovene), volume 1, Ljubljana: Knezoškofijstvo, page 367