liman
English edit
Etymology edit
From Russian лима́н (limán) or Ukrainian лима́н (lymán), from Turkic, compare Turkish liman (“port, harbor”). Ultimately from Ancient Greek λιμήν (limḗn, “harbor”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
liman (plural limans)
- A wide estuary formed as a lagoon at the mouth of one or more rivers, where flow is constrained by a bar of sediments (created by either the current of a sea or a sediment-saturated river), especially in the Black Sea region.
- 1918, Stephen Rudnicki, Ukraine, the Land and Its People: An Introduction to Its Geography, page 19:
- Only at a point where a river, a streamlet, even a balka (step-glen, ravine) opens into the sea, is the steep incline of the steppe-plateau broken. […] This sea-water lake is called liman in Ukrainian. Wherever a stream of great volume empties into a liman, the bar is severed at one or more places.
- 1993 December 15, Danylo Husar Struk, Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Volume V: St-Z, University of Toronto Press, →ISBN:
- Its rising provided conditions for the formation of liman valleys along the coast. As well, meltwaters from the ice cap produced ponding, with excess water that either spilled over the low points of divides or flowed along the ice […]
- 2016 September 28, Ruben Kosyan, The Diversity of Russian Estuaries and Lagoons Exposed to Human Influence, Springer, →ISBN, page 123:
- Fig.5.12 The Akhtanizovsky liman delta arm
[…] certain limans, particularly those fed by river water, continued to decline naturally, whereas the square area of swamps, contrastingly, continued to increase. The first significant anthropogenic changes in the size and natural regime of the limans and flooded areas were initially connected with artificial changes in flow direction […]
Usage notes edit
- Because liman mud was sometimes used therapeutically, some English dictionaries beginning in the 1870s have incorrectly defined liman as alluvial (estuarine/deltal) slime rather than the estuary itself that deposits the slime, sometimes deriving the word from French limon (“silt”) rather than from Russian; this is a ghost sense.
Translations edit
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Further reading edit
- “liman”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Anagrams edit
Azerbaijani edit
Cyrillic | лиман | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | لیمان |
Etymology edit
Ultimately from Byzantine Greek λιμένιον (liménion), from Ancient Greek λιμήν (limḗn).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
liman (definite accusative limanı, plural limanlar)
Declension edit
Declension of liman | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | liman |
limanlar | ||||||
definite accusative | limanı |
limanları | ||||||
dative | limana |
limanlara | ||||||
locative | limanda |
limanlarda | ||||||
ablative | limandan |
limanlardan | ||||||
definite genitive | limanın |
limanların |
Derived terms edit
- hava limanı (“airport”)
Crimean Tatar edit
Etymology edit
From Byzantine Greek λιμένιον (liménion), from Ancient Greek λιμήν (limḗn).
Noun edit
liman
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | liman | limanlar |
genitive | limannıñ | limanlarnıñ |
dative | limanğa | limanlarğa |
accusative | limannı | limanlarnı |
locative | limanda | limanlarda |
ablative | limandan | limanlardan |
References edit
Esperanto edit
Adjective edit
liman
Finnish edit
Noun edit
liman
Anagrams edit
Galician edit
Verb edit
liman
Hausa edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic إِمَام (ʔimām).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
Affixed lima (“five”) + -an, inherited from Malay liman (“elephant”), from Javanese ꦭꦶꦩꦤ꧀ (liman), from Old Javanese liman.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
liman (plural liman-liman, first-person possessive limanku, second-person possessive limanmu, third-person possessive limannya)
Further reading edit
- “liman” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese edit
Romanization edit
liman
- Romanization of ꦭꦶꦩꦤ꧀
Malay edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦶꦩꦤ꧀ (liman), possibly from lima + -an; related to Proto-Chamic *lamaːn[1] (compare Jarai rơman, Western Cham limân, Rade êman). Doublet of leman.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
liman (Jawi spelling ليمن, plural liman-liman, informal 1st possessive limanku, 2nd possessive limanmu, 3rd possessive limannya)
Descendants edit
- > Indonesian: liman (inherited)
References edit
- Wilkinson, Richard James. An Abridged Malay-English Dictionary. Macmillan. 1965.
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “ليمن leman”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 629
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “liman”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 58
Further reading edit
- “liman” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Old Javanese edit
Etymology edit
Unknown, probably lima + -an.
Noun edit
liman
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- "liman" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
Old Sundanese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Javanese liman. Probably lima + -an.
Noun edit
liman
- elephant
- liman putih
- white elephant
- liman putih
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish لیمان (liman), from Byzantine Greek λιμένιον (liménion), from Ancient Greek λιμήν (limḗn).
Noun edit
liman n (plural limanuri)
- haven
- port, harbor
- Synonym: port
- bank
- Synonym: țărm
- lagoon
- Synonym: lagună
- estuary
- Synonym: estuar
- coast
- Synonym: coastă
Declension edit
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) liman | limanul | (niște) limanuri | limanurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) liman | limanului | (unor) limanuri | limanurilor |
vocative | limanule | limanurilor |
Spanish edit
Verb edit
liman
Tetum edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.
Noun edit
liman
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish لیمان (liman), from Byzantine Greek λιμένιον (liménion), from Ancient Greek λιμήν (limḗn).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
liman (definite accusative limanı, plural limanlar)
Declension edit
References edit
- “liman”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu