lire
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English lire, lyre, from Old English līra (“any fleshy part of the body, muscle, calf of the leg”), from Proto-Germanic *ligwizô, *lihwizô (“thigh, groin”), from Proto-Indo-European *lekʷs-, *lewks- (“groin”). Cognate with Dutch lies (“groin”), Swedish lår (“thigh”).
NounEdit
lire (plural lires)
- (Britain dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Flesh, brawn, or muscle; the fleshy part of a person or animal in contradistinction to the bone and skin.
- (Britain dialectal, Scotland) The fleshy part of a roast capon, etc. as distinguished from a limb or joint.
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English lire, lyre, from Old Norse hlýr (“cheeks”, plural). Compare Middle English lere, from Old English hlēor (“cheek, countenance, complexion”). More at leer.
NounEdit
lire (plural lires)
- (Britain dialectal, Scotland) The cheek.
- (Britain dialectal, Scotland) Face; appearance of the face or skin; complexion; hue.
Etymology 3Edit
From Old Norse líri. Cognate with Norwegian lira.
NounEdit
lire (plural lires)
- (Britain dialectal, Scotland, Orkney, Shetland, ornithology) The Manx shearwater (bird).
Etymology 4Edit
PronunciationEdit
- Rhymes: -ɪərə
NounEdit
lire
HomophonesEdit
AnagramsEdit
FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old French lire, from Latin legere, present active infinitive of legō, from Proto-Italic *legō, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-.
VerbEdit
lire
- (transitive, intransitive) to read
- (reflexive, se lire) to be read
ConjugationEdit
| infinitive | simple | lire | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | lisant /li.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | lu /ly/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | lis /li/ |
lis /li/ |
lit /li/ |
lisons /li.zɔ̃/ |
lisez /li.ze/ |
lisent /liz/ |
| imperfect | lisais /li.zɛ/ |
lisais /li.zɛ/ |
lisait /li.zɛ/ |
lisions /li.zjɔ̃/ |
lisiez /li.zje/ |
lisaient /li.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | lus /ly/ |
lus /ly/ |
lut /ly/ |
lûmes /lym/ |
lûtes /lyt/ |
lurent /lyʁ/ | |
| future | lirai /li.ʁe/ |
liras /li.ʁa/ |
lira /li.ʁa/ |
lirons /li.ʁɔ̃/ |
lirez /li.ʁe/ |
liront /li.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | lirais /li.ʁɛ/ |
lirais /li.ʁɛ/ |
lirait /li.ʁɛ/ |
lirions /li.ʁjɔ̃/ |
liriez /li.ʁje/ |
liraient /li.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | lise /liz/ |
lises /liz/ |
lise /liz/ |
lisions /li.zjɔ̃/ |
lisiez /li.zje/ |
lisent /liz/ |
| imperfect2 | lusse /lys/ |
lusses /lys/ |
lût /ly/ |
lussions /ly.sjɔ̃/ |
lussiez /ly.sje/ |
lussent /lys/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | lis /li/ |
— | lisons /li.zɔ̃/ |
lisez /li.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is only usable with the preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from Italian lira, compare French livre.
NounEdit
lire f (plural lires)
- lira (unit of currency)
AnagramsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “lire” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
ItalianEdit
NounEdit
lire f
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Low German.
NounEdit
lire f (definite singular lira, indefinite plural lirer, definite plural lirene)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Norse líri m, likely onomatopoetic.
NounEdit
lire f (definite singular lira, indefinite plural lirer, definite plural lirene)
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Italian plural of lira, from Latin libra (“pound, weight”). Doublet of lira.
NounEdit
lire m (definite singular liren, indefinite plural lirar or lire, definite plural lirane)
- (numismatics) lira (currency of Italy)
ReferencesEdit
- “lire” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin legere, present active infinitive of legō.
VerbEdit
lire
- (transitive, intransitive) to read
- (reflexive, se lire) to be read
ConjugationEdit
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | lire | avoir leü, lit | |||||
| gerund | en lisant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | lisant | ||||||
| past participle | leü, lit | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | li | lis | list | lisons | lisiez | lisent |
| imperfect | lisoie, liseie | lisoies, liseies | lisoit, liseit | lisiiens, lisiens | lisiiez, lisiez | lisoient, liseient | |
| preterite | lui, lis | leüs, lesis | lut, list | leümes, lesimes | leüstes, lesistes | lurent, listrent | |
| future | lirai | liras | lira | lirons | liroiz, lireiz, lirez | liront | |
| conditional | liroie, lireie | liroies, lireies | liroit, lireit | liriiens, liriens | liriiez, liriez | liroient, lireient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | lise | lises | lise | lisiens, lisons | lisiez | lisent |
| imperfect | leüsse, lesisse | leüsses, lesisses | leüst, lesist | leüssons, leüssiens, lesissons, lesissiens | leüssoiz, leüssez, leüssiez, lesissoiz, lesissez, lesissiez | leüssent, lesissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | lis | — | lisons | lisiez | — | ||
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- French: lire
Further readingEdit
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (lire)