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li

See also: Appendix:Variations of "li"

Contents

EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

An early romanization of Chinese Mandarin 里 (lǐ). As a Korean unit, via the Yale romanization of Korean 리 (ri), from the Chinese distance.

Alternative formsEdit

  • (Korea): ri

NounEdit

li (plural lis or li)

  1. The Chinese mile, a traditional unit of distance equal to 1500 chis or 150 zhangs, now standardized as a half-kilometer (500 meters).
  2. The Korean mile, a traditional unit of distance equivalent to about 393 m.
SynonymsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Mandarin 市厘 (lí).

NounEdit

li (plural li)

  1. A traditional Chinese unit of weight, equal to one-thousandth of a liang, or fifty milligrams.

Etymology 3Edit

From Mandarin 禮 (lǐ).

NounEdit

li (plural li)

  1. (Chinese philosophy) A meaningful ceremony or ritual; etiquette, behaviour.

Etymology 4Edit

From Mandarin 鬲 (lì).

NounEdit

li (plural li)

  1. An ancient Chinese cauldron having three hollow legs.

Etymology 5Edit

SymbolEdit

li

  1. (mathematics) Logarithmic integral function

Etymology 6Edit

Altered from la. vowel changed to 'e' to signify a raised note.

NounEdit

li (uncountable)

  1. (music) In solfège, the raised sixth note of a major scale (the note A-sharp in the fixed-do system).

SynonymsEdit

AnagramsEdit

AlbanianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From South Slavic, compare Serbo-Croatian lȉh (“exclusive”), lȋh (“false, odd”), Slovene lȋh (“uneven, odd”).[1]

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

li f (definite singular lia)

  1. pox
  2. olive scab, peacock spot (Cycloconium oleaginum)
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
CompoundsEdit
HyponymsEdit
hyponyms

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “lijë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, page 227

Etymology 2Edit

From Latin līnum.

NounEdit

li m (definite singular liri)

  1. flax

AromanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin illis, dative common plural of ille. Compare Romanian le.

PronounEdit

li f (short/unstressed accusative form of eali)

  1. (direct object) them (all-female group)

Related termsEdit

  • lã (feminine/masculine plural dative- short/unstressed form)
  • u (feminine singular accusative- short/unstressed form)
  • (a) lor (feminine/masculine plural dative- long/stressed form)

CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin illī, dative common singular of ille.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

li (enclitic and proclitic)

  1. him, her, it (indirect object)

DeclensionEdit

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person. 		3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • Audio
    		(file)

NounEdit

li m (uncountable)

  1. li (Chinese unit of distance).

EsperantoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Italian lui, French lui, or Spanish le, plus the i of personal pronouns.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

li (accusative lin, possessive lia)

  1. (personal pronoun) he
Usage notesEdit
  • Li is traditionally used as both a masculine and a gender-neutral pronoun, but since the 1970s generic usage has sometimes been criticized and is increasingly being avoided and replaced by "li aŭ ŝi". Some people think this is an imperfection solution which is inappropriately long, and since the 2010s it is additionally also criticized by some as being too exclusive to non-binary people. In response to such criticisms, there have been various proposals for new pronouns, but the only proposal that has been gaining some adoption is ri.
SynonymsEdit
  • (person whose gender is unknown): ri, ŝli

Related termsEdit

  • ili (“they”) (plural)

FrenchEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

li m (plural lis)

  1. li (Chinese unit of distance).

Further readingEdit

AnagramsEdit

Guinea-Bissau CreoleEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Portuguese ali. Cognates with Kabuverdianu li.

AdverbEdit

li

  1. here

Haitian CreoleEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From French lui.

PronounEdit

li (contracted form l)

  1. he
  2. him
  3. she
  4. her
  5. it

Etymology 2Edit

From French lire.

VerbEdit

li

  1.  To read

IdoEdit

EtymologyEdit

lu (“he, him, she, her, it, that”) +‎ -i (“-s; plural”)

PronounEdit

li pl

  1. they, them

Related termsEdit

  • ili (“they, them”) (masculine)
  • eli (“they, them”) (feminine)
  • oli (“they, them”) (neuter)

InterlingueEdit

ArticleEdit

li

  1. the

IstriotEdit

ArticleEdit

li

  1. masculine plural definite article
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 40:
      Ti me pari oûna dea infra li dai,
      You seem to me a goddess among the gods,

ItalianEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of ille.

Alternative formsEdit

PronounEdit

li m pl (female le, singular lo)

  1. (accusative) them
    Li ricordo. ― I remember them.
Usage notesEdit

Never elides.

See alsoEdit
Italian personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Locative Genitive Disjunctive
Singular first — io mi, m', -mi — me
second — tu ti, t', -ti te
third m lui si2, s', -si lo, l', -lo gli, -gli ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n' lui, sé
f lei, Lei1 la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 lei, Lei1, sé
Plural first — noi ci, c', -ci — noi
second — voi, Voi4 vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 voi, Voi4
third m loro, Loro1 si, s', -si li, Li1, -li, -Li1 gli, -gli, loro (formal),
Loro1		 ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n' loro, Loro1, sé
f le, Le1, -le, -Le1
1 Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
2 Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3 Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
4 Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).

Etymology 2Edit

Variant of gli.

ArticleEdit

li m pl (singular lo)

  1. Archaic form of gli.
    li studenti ― the students

PronounEdit

li m pl (singular lo)

  1. (dative) Archaic form of gli.

Etymology 3Edit

AdverbEdit

li

  1. Misspelling of lì.

AnagramsEdit

KabuverdianuEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Portuguese ali.

AdverbEdit

li

  1. here

KurdishEdit

PrepositionEdit

li

  1. in
    li Kurdistanê (in Kurdistan)
  2. li ser: on:
    li ser maseyê (on the table)

LivonianEdit

VerbEdit

li

  1. 2nd person singular imperative form of lǟdõ

Louisiana Creole FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French lui.

PronounEdit

li

  1. he
  2. him
  3. she
  4. her

MalteseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • illi (after a word-final consonant cluster)

EtymologyEdit

From Arabic اَلَّذِي‎ (allaḏī, relative pronoun). Compare common dialectal Arabic اللي‎ (illi, lli). The use as a conjunction was probably, if not triggered, at least reinforced by Sicilian and other Romance influence. Compare Italian che, which is both a relative pronoun and the conjunction “that”.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

li

  1. (relative) who; which; that
    ir-raġel li seraq il-karozza
    the man who stole the car

ConjunctionEdit

li

  1. that
    Nixtieq ngħidilha li nħobbha.
    I want to tell her that I love her.

MandarinEdit

RomanizationEdit

li (Zhuyin ˙ㄌㄧ)

  1. Pinyin transcription of 哩
  2. Pinyin transcription of 裏
  3. Pinyin transcription of 裡
  4. Pinyin transcription of 里

li

  1. Nonstandard spelling of lī.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of lí.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of lǐ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of lì.

Usage notesEdit

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Mauritian CreoleEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French le, lui

PronounEdit

li

  1. he, she, it (third-person singular personal pronoun)

See alsoEdit

Mauritian Creole personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person mo
mwa (objective) 		nou
2nd person to (informal), ou (formal)
twa (objective) 		zot
3rd person li zot, bann-la

MichifEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French le.

PronunciationEdit

ArticleEdit

li m (feminine la, masculine and feminine plural lii)

  1. the

MiskitoEdit

NounEdit

li

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

  • Eduard Conzemius, Ethnographical Survey of the Miskito and Sumu Indians (1932)

NeapolitanEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

li

  1. Alternative form of 'i

NiuatoputapuEdit

ArticleEdit

li

  1. the

NormanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French li, from Vulgar Latin *illui, a Vulgar Latin dative of Classical Latin ille.

PronounEdit

li

  1. (Guernsey) him

Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse hlíð

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

li f or m (definite singular lia or lien, indefinite plural lier, definite plural liene)

  1. A sloping mountainside or hillside covered with grass or forest.

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse hlíð

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

li f (definite singular lia, indefinite plural lier, definite plural liene)

  1. A sloping mountainside or hillside covered with grass or forest.

ReferencesEdit

NovialEdit

ArticleEdit

li

  1. the

Old FrenchEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin ille (“that”).

PronunciationEdit

ArticleEdit

li

  1. the (masculine nominative singular and plural definite article)
InflectionEdit
Old French definite articles
Declension of the definite article le
singular plural
masculine feminine masculine feminine
nominative li la, le 1 li les
oblique le 1 la 1 les les
1 These singular forms elide to l' before a vowel or non-aspirate h.

Etymology 2Edit

  This entry lacks etymological information. If you are familiar with the origin of this term, please add it to the page per etymology instructions, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.

PronounEdit

li

  1. third-person singular indirect object pronoun; to him, to her, to it
DescendantsEdit

Old OccitanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin ille (“that”).

ArticleEdit

li

  1. the (masculine nominative singular and plural definite article)

PolishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

AdverbEdit

li (not comparable)

  1. (obsolete) only

Etymology 2Edit

From Mandarin 里 (lǐ)

NounEdit

li n (indeclinable)

  1. li, Chinese unit of distance
  2. li, Chinese unit of weight

Etymology 3Edit

From Mandarin 禮／礼 (lǐ)

NounEdit

li n (indeclinable)

  1. li, a meaningful ceremony or ritual

Further readingEdit

  • li in Polish dictionaries at PWN

PortugueseEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • Rhymes: -i

VerbEdit

li

  1. First-person singular (eu) preterite indicative of ler

RomanianEdit

PronounEdit

li (dative form of ele; form of le)

  1. to them

Usage notesEdit

This word is used when le (which is dative) is combined with the following accusatives:

  • îl (the accusative of el, contracted as li-l)
  • îi (the accusative of ei, contracted as li-i)
  • le (the accusative of ele)
  • se (the reflexive accusative of all third-person pronouns)

See alsoEdit

Serbo-CroatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *li.

PronunciationEdit

ParticleEdit

li (Cyrillic spelling ли)

  1. question-forming interrogative particle (postpositive, unlike other particles, never first word in a sentence)
    poznaješ li me — do you know me?
    jesi li stigao na odredište? — did you reach the destination?
    jeste li ga vid(j)eli — have you seen him?
    gd(j)e li se samo nalazimo? — where could we be?
    kad li će doći? — when will he/they come?
    je li? — Is it? (Is that so? Isn't that so?)
  2. used as conjunction with da (except in Croatian, "je li" is used instead)
    da li — whether
    nemam pojma da li je došao — I have no idea whether he came (Croatian: "nemam pojma je li došao")
  3. (as a conjunction) if
    pokušaš li me napasti, ja ću ti uzvratiti — should you try to attack me, I'll strike you back (when "li" is used in this sense, it is usually translated as a subjunctive form "should", and when "ako" is used, it is usually translated as "if" - ako me pokušaš napasti = if you try to attack me)
  4. used as an emphatic intensifier
    a sn(ij)eg pada li pada — the snow just keeps falling and falling...
    d(ij)ete plače li plače — the child just keeps crying and crying...

See alsoEdit

  • zar (interrogative particle)

SicilianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin illī or illae, nominative plurals of ille.

ArticleEdit

li m pl or f pl

  1. (definite) the

See alsoEdit

Sicilian articles
Masculine Feminine
indefinite singular un, nu na
definite singular lu, û la, â
definite plural li, î li, î

VietnameseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Sino-Vietnamese word from 璃 (“glass”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

(classifier cái) li

  1. cup, glass (def. 2)

See alsoEdit

VolapükEdit

ParticleEdit

li

  1. Appended with a hyphen to a verb, it turns the entire clause it is in into a question.

WalloonEdit

ArticleEdit

li (after an open syllabe and/or before a vowel : l', plural : les, plural after an open syllabe and before a vowel: ls)

  1. the
    Li mwaisse
    The master
    Li maistrece
    The mistress
    L' ome
    The man
    C' est li l' mwaisse
    He is the master
    Les måjhons
    The houses
    Les omes
    The men
    Çou sont ls åtes tchesteas
    These are the other castles

PronounEdit

li

  1. him, her, it (direct object, before verb)
    C' est li l' mwaisse
    It's him who's the master

WestrobothnianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

NounEdit

li f

  1. Alternative form of lid[1]

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Norse lé, specifically the accusative léa, from Proto-Germanic *lewô. The duosyllabic accent might be derived from the definite singular form.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

lî m (definite singular lien)

  1. scythe[1]
CompoundsEdit
  • libɑka (“the trailing edge of a scythe”)
  • liörv (“shaft on a scythe”)

Etymology 3Edit

NounEdit

li n (definite singular liä)

  1. afterbirth from calving[2]
SynonymsEdit

Etymology 4Edit

From Old Norse líða, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną. The sense “suffer” may be borrowed from Middle Low German, but derive from the same root in any case.

VerbEdit

li

  1. To elapse.[1]
    he li på dɑgen
    The day draws to a close.
    he var brɑno lide på
    It was quite late.
  2. To come to an end, run out.
    Da mâtn fâr lii fara ṣwiṇa strii.
    When the food begins to run low, the swine begin to fight. (proverb)
  3. To suffer.[1]

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Larsson, Evert, Söderström, Sven, “lid s. li:, lie s. lî:, lida v. li: etc”, in Hössjömålet : ordbok över en sydvästerbottnisk dialekt [The Hössjö speech: dictionary of a southern Westrobothnian dialect] (in Swedish) ISBN 9789197035811, page 119
  2. ^ Rietz, Johan Ernst, “LI” in Svenskt dialektlexikon: ordbok öfver svenska allmogespråket [Swedish dialectal lexicon: a dictionary for the Swedish lects] (in Swedish), 1962 edition, Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, published 1862–1867, page 400

ZouEdit

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