li

See also: Appendix:Variations of "li"

TranslingualEdit

SymbolEdit

li

  1. (mathematics) The symbol for the logarithmic integral function.

EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

An early romanization of Chinese Mandarin 里 (lǐ). As a Korean unit, via the Yale romanization of Korean 리 (ri), from the Chinese distance.

Alternative formsEdit

  • (Korea): ri

NounEdit

li (plural lis or li)

  1. The Chinese mile, a traditional unit of distance equal to 1500 chis or 150 zhangs, now standardized as a half-kilometer (500 meters).
    Synonym: Chinese mile
  2. The Korean mile, a traditional unit of distance equivalent to about 393 m.
    Synonym: Korean mile
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Mandarin 市厘 (lí).

NounEdit

li (plural li)

  1. A traditional Chinese unit of weight, equal to one-thousandth of a liang, or fifty milligrams.

Etymology 3Edit

From Mandarin 禮 (lǐ).

NounEdit

li (plural li)

  1. (Chinese philosophy) A meaningful ceremony or ritual; etiquette, behaviour.

Etymology 4Edit

From Mandarin 鬲 (lì).

NounEdit

li (plural li)

  1. An ancient Chinese cauldron having three hollow legs.

Etymology 5Edit

Altered from la, with the vowel changed to signify a raised note.

NounEdit

li (uncountable)

  1. (music) In solfège, the raised sixth note of a major scale (the note A-sharp in the fixed-do system).
    Synonyms: A-sharp, B-flat, ta, te

AnagramsEdit

AlbanianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Orel suggests from South Slavic, compare Serbo-Croatian lȉh (“exclusive”), lȋh (“false, odd”), Slovene lȋh (“uneven, odd”).[1] However, generally thought to be from Ancient Greek εὐλογία (eulogía) "blessing", with a euphemistic sense development.[2][3] Compare e.g. the euphemistic synonym "e lume" (the happy/blessed one)[4]

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

li f (definite singular lia)

  1. pox
  2. olive scab, peacock spot (Cycloconium oleaginum)
    Synonym: sypallua
Derived termsEdit
HyponymsEdit
hyponyms

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir, “lijë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, 1998, →ISBN, page 227
  2. ^ Eqrem Çabej, Studime etimologjike në fushë të shqipes, Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë, 1996, page 168
  3. ^ Eqrem Çabej, Studime Filologjike, Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dje i Letërsisë., 1990, page 99
  4. ^ Eqrem Çabej, Studime gjuhësore: Nga historia e gjuhës shqipe, Rilindja, 1977, page 22

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin līnum.

NounEdit

li m (definite singular liri)

  1. flax

AragoneseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin ille (“that one”).

PronounEdit

li

  1. him (indirect object)

SynonymsEdit

AromanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin illis, dative common plural of ille. Compare Romanian le.

PronounEdit

li f (short/unstressed accusative form of eali)

  1. (direct object) them (all-female group)

Related termsEdit

  • lã (feminine/masculine plural dative- short/unstressed form)
  • u (feminine singular accusative- short/unstressed form)
  • (a) lor (feminine/masculine plural dative- long/stressed form)

CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin illī, dative common singular of ille.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

li (enclitic and proclitic)

  1. him, her, it (indirect object)

DeclensionEdit

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person. 		3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

CorsicanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin illi, masculine plural of ille, from Old Latin olle. Cognates include Italian gli (“the, them”) and Romanian îi (“them”).

PronounEdit

li

  1. him, her (indirect object)
  2. them (indirect object)
  3. Archaic form of i.

See alsoEdit

Corsican personal pronouns
Nominative Dative Accusative Disjunctive
Singular 1st person eiu mi mè
2nd person tù ti tè
3rd person m ellu li u, l' ellu
3rd person f ella a, l' ella
Plural 1st person noi ci noi
2nd person voi vi voi
3rd person m elli li i, l' elli
3rd person f elle e, l' elle

ArticleEdit

li

  1. Archaic form of i.

ReferencesEdit

DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • Audio
    		(file)

NounEdit

li m (uncountable)

  1. li (Chinese unit of distance).

EsperantoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Italian lui, French lui, or Spanish le, plus the i of personal pronouns.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

li (accusative lin, possessive lia)

  1. (personal pronoun) he
Usage notesEdit
  • Li is traditionally used as both a masculine and a gender-neutral pronoun, but since the 1970s generic usage has sometimes been criticized and is increasingly being avoided and replaced by "li aŭ ŝi". Some people think this is an imperfect solution which is inappropriately long, and since the 2010s it is additionally also criticized by some as being too exclusive to non-binary people. In response to such criticisms, there have been various proposals for new pronouns, but the only proposal that has been gaining some adoption is ri.
SynonymsEdit
  • (person whose gender is unknown): ri, ŝli

Related termsEdit

  • ili (“they”) (plural)

FrenchEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

li m (plural lis)

  1. li (Chinese unit of distance).

Further readingEdit

AnagramsEdit

Guinea-Bissau CreoleEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Portuguese ali. Cognate with Kabuverdianu li.

AdverbEdit

li

  1. here

Haitian CreoleEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From French lui.

PronounEdit

li (contracted form l)

  1. he
  2. him
  3. she
  4. her
  5. it

Etymology 2Edit

From French lire.

VerbEdit

li

  1. to read

IdoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From lu (“he, him, she, her, it, that”) +‎ -i (“-s; plural”).

PronounEdit

li pl

  1. they, them

Related termsEdit

  • ili (“they, them”, masculine)
  • eli (“they, them”, feminine)
  • oli (“they, them”, neuter)

IstriotEdit

ArticleEdit

li

  1. masculine plural definite article
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 40:
      Ti me pari oûna dea infra li dai,
      You seem to me a goddess among the gods

ItalianEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of ille.

Alternative formsEdit

PronounEdit

li m pl (female le, singular lo)

  1. (accusative) them
    Li ricordo. ― I remember them.
Usage notesEdit

Never elides.

See alsoEdit
Italian personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Conjunctive Disjunctive Locative Partitive
Singular first — io mi, m', -mi me me —
second — tu ti, t', -ti te te
third m lui si2, s', -si lo, l', -lo gli, -gli glie, se2 lui, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f lei, Lei1 la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 lei, Lei1, sé
Plural first — noi ci, c', -ci ce noi —
second — voi, Voi4 vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 ve voi, Voi4
third m loro, Loro1 si, s', -si li, Li1, -li, -Li1 gli, -gli, loro (formal),
Loro1		 glie, se loro, Loro1, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f le, Le1, -le, -Le1
1 Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
2 Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3 Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
4 Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).

Etymology 2Edit

Variant of gli.

ArticleEdit

li m pl (singular lo)

  1. Archaic form of gli.
    li studenti ― the students

PronounEdit

li m pl (singular lo)

  1. (dative) Archaic form of gli.

Etymology 3Edit

AdverbEdit

li

  1. Misspelling of lì.

AnagramsEdit

JapaneseEdit

RomanizationEdit

li

  1. Rōmaji transcription of り゚
  2. Rōmaji transcription of リ゚

JarawaEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate to Önge li.

PronunciationEdit

DeterminerEdit

li

  1. this, these
    li aːw ʈʰi talu.
    This bow is long.
    Synonym: lijə (“this here, this”)
    Coordinate term: luwə (“that”)

PronounEdit

li

  1. this, these, this one, these ones
    li topo t-ita-b.
    He ate the snake.
    li aːw.
    This is a bow.
    Coordinate term: luwə (“that”)

ReferencesEdit

KabuverdianuEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Portuguese ali.

AdverbEdit

li

  1. here

Khumi ChinEdit

 
Li.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Kuki-Chin [Term?], from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-ləj. Cognate to Burmese လေး (le:, “bow”) and S'gaw Karen ချံၣ် (khleè, “bow”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

li

  1. crossbow

ReferencesEdit

  • K. E. Herr, The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin‎[1], Payap University, 2011, page 45

LivonianEdit

VerbEdit

li

  1. 2nd person singular imperative form of lǟdõ

Louisiana Creole FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French lui.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

li (third-person singular, plural yé, objective li, possessive sô, emphatic li-chin)

  1. he.
  2. him.
  3. she.
  4. her.

Coordinate termsEdit

MalteseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • illi (after a word-final consonant cluster)

EtymologyEdit

From Arabic اَلَّذِي‎ (allaḏī, relative pronoun). Compare common dialectal Arabic اللي‎ (illi, lli). The use as a conjunction is widely found in Maghrebi Arabic, so there is no reason to consider it a Romance influence (as might otherwise be thought; compare Italian che, which is both a relative pronoun and the conjunction “that”).

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

li

  1. (relative) who; which; that
    Dan huwa r-raġel li seraq il-karozza. ― That’s the man who stole the car.
    Din hija ħaġa li tħawwadni. ― This is something that confuses me.

Usage notesEdit

  • Unlike standard Arabic, the relative pronoun is normally used also with indefinite referents (example sentence 2). However, it is optional in this case.

ConjunctionEdit

li

  1. that
    Nixtieq ngħidilha li nħobbha. ― I want to tell her that I love her.

MandarinEdit

RomanizationEdit

li (Zhuyin ˙ㄌㄧ)

  1. Pinyin transcription of 哩
  2. Pinyin transcription of 裏
  3. Pinyin transcription of 裡
  4. Pinyin transcription of 里

li

  1. Nonstandard spelling of lī.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of lí.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of lǐ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of lì.

Usage notesEdit

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Mauritian CreoleEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French le, lui

PronounEdit

li

  1. he, she, it (third-person singular personal pronoun)

See alsoEdit

Mauritian Creole personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person mo
mwa (objective) 		nou
2nd person to (informal), ou (formal)
twa (objective) 		zot
3rd person li zot, bann-la

MichifEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French le.

PronunciationEdit

ArticleEdit

li m (feminine la, masculine and feminine plural lii)

  1. the

MiskitoEdit

NounEdit

li

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

  • Eduard Conzemius, Ethnographical Survey of the Miskito and Sumu Indians (1932)

MunseeEdit

ParticleEdit

lí[1]

  1. here, there, thus, so

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ O'Meara, John, “lí-”, in Delaware-English/English-Delaware Dictionary (Heritage), Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014, published 1996, →ISBN

NeapolitanEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

li

  1. Alternative form of 'i

NiuatoputapuEdit

ArticleEdit

li

  1. the

NormanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French li, from Vulgar Latin *illui, a Vulgar Latin dative of Classical Latin ille.

PronounEdit

li

  1. (Guernsey) him

Northern KurdishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *en.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

Central Kurdish لە‎ (le)

li

  1. in
    li Kurdistanê ― in Kurdistan
  2. an element of several prepositions and circumpositions

Related termsEdit

Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse hlíð

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

li f or m (definite singular lia or lien, indefinite plural lier, definite plural liene)

  1. A sloping mountainside or hillside covered with grass or forest.

ReferencesEdit

AnagramsEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse hlíð, from Proto-Germanic *hlīdō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱléyteh₂ (“something leaned, inclined”).

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

li f (definite singular lia, indefinite plural lier, definite plural liene)

  1. a sloping mountainside or hillside covered with grass or forest.
InflectionEdit
Historical inflection of li
indefinite singular definite singular indefinite plural definite plural
Aasen1 Lid Lidi Lider Liderna
1901 lider (lidir) liderne (lidine)
1917 li lia, lii lier liene
1938 lia [lii]
2012 (current) li lia lier liene

Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century.

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Norse líða, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną. The sense of suffering may be a loan from Middle Low German.

Alternative formsEdit

VerbEdit

li (present tense lir, past tense lei, supine lidd or lidt or liden, past participle lidd or liden, present participle lidande, imperative li)

  1. (intransitive, of time) to pass, elapse
  2. (intransitive) to suffer
    1. (intransitive) to endure
    2. (intransitive) to tolerate, like
Related termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

AnagramsEdit

Old FrenchEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin ille (“that”). In the nominative singular, it was influenced by the nom. sg. form of the pronoun quī.

PronunciationEdit

ArticleEdit

li

  1. the (masculine nominative singular and plural definite article)
InflectionEdit
Old French definite articles
Declension of the definite article le
singular plural
masculine feminine masculine feminine
nominative li la, le 1 li les
oblique le 1 la 1 les les
1 These singular forms elide to l' before a vowel or non-aspirate h.

Etymology 2Edit

From Latin illī (“to that one”), dative singular of Latin ille. Cognate of Spanish le, Portuguese lhe, Italian gli.

PronounEdit

li

  1. third-person singular indirect object pronoun; to him, to her, to it
DescendantsEdit
  • French: lui

Old OccitanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin ille (“that”).

ArticleEdit

li

  1. the (masculine nominative singular and plural definite article)

PolishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

AdverbEdit

li (not comparable)

  1. (obsolete) only

Etymology 2Edit

From Mandarin 里 (lǐ)

NounEdit

li n (indeclinable)

  1. li, Chinese unit of distance
  2. li, Chinese unit of weight

Etymology 3Edit

From Mandarin 禮／礼 (lǐ)

NounEdit

li n (indeclinable)

  1. li, a meaningful ceremony or ritual

Further readingEdit

  • li in Polish dictionaries at PWN

PortugueseEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • Rhymes: -i

VerbEdit

li

  1. first-person singular (eu) preterite indicative of ler

RomanianEdit

PronounEdit

li (dative form of ele, form of le)

  1. to them

Usage notesEdit

This word is used when le (which is dative) is combined with the following accusatives:

  • îl (the accusative of el, contracted as li-l)
  • îi (the accusative of ei, contracted as li-i)
  • le (the accusative of ele)
  • se (the reflexive accusative of all third-person pronouns)

See alsoEdit

Serbo-CroatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *li.

PronunciationEdit

ParticleEdit

li (Cyrillic spelling ли)

  1. question-forming interrogative particle (postpositive, unlike other particles, never first word in a sentence)
    poznaješ li me ― do you know me?
    jesi li stigao na odredište? ― did you reach the destination?
    jeste li ga vid(j)eli ― have you seen him?
    gd(j)e li se samo nalazimo? ― where could we be?
    kad li će doći? ― when will he/they come?
    je li? ― Is it? (Is that so? Isn't that so?)
  2. used as conjunction with da (except in Croatian, je li is used instead)
    da li ― whether
    nemam pojma da li je došao ― I have no idea whether he came
    (Croatian: "nemam pojma je li došao")
  3. (as a conjunction) if
    pokušaš li me napasti, ja ću ti uzvratiti ― should you try to attack me, I'll strike you back
    (when "li" is used in this sense, it is usually translated as a subjunctive form "should", and when "ako" is used, it is usually translated as "if" - ako me pokušaš napasti = if you try to attack me)
  4. used as an emphatic intensifier
    a sn(ij)eg pada li pada ― the snow just keeps falling and falling...
    d(ij)ete plače li plače ― the child just keeps crying and crying...

See alsoEdit

  • zar (interrogative particle)

SicilianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin illī or illae, nominative plurals of ille.

ArticleEdit

li m pl or f pl

  1. (definite) the

See alsoEdit

Sicilian articles
Masculine Feminine
indefinite singular un, nu na
definite singular lu, û la, â
definite plural li, î li, î

VietnameseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Sino-Vietnamese word from 璃 (“glass”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

(classifier cái) li

  1. cup, glass (def. 2)

See alsoEdit

VolapükEdit

ParticleEdit

li

  1. Appended with a hyphen to a verb, it turns the entire clause it is in into a question.

WalloonEdit

ArticleEdit

li (after an open syllable and/or before a vowel: l', plural: les, plural after an open syllabe and before a vowel: ls)

  1. the
    Li mwaisse ― The master
    Li maistrece ― The mistress
    L' ome ― The man
    C' est li l' mwaisse ― He is the master
    Les måjhons ― The houses
    Les omes ― The men
    Çou sont ls åtes tchesteas ― These are the other castles

PronounEdit

li

  1. him, her, it (direct object, before verb)
    C' est li l' mwaisse ― It's him who's the master

WestrobothnianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

NounEdit

li f

  1. Alternative form of lid[1]

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Norse lé, specifically the accusative léa, from Proto-Germanic *lewô. The duosyllabic accent might be derived from the definite singular form.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

lî m (definite singular lien)

  1. scythe[1]
Derived termsEdit
  • libɑka (“the trailing edge of a scythe”)
  • liörv (“shaft on a scythe”)

Etymology 3Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

NounEdit

li n (definite singular liä)

  1. afterbirth from calving[2]
    Synonyms: ättföring, leg

Etymology 4Edit

From Old Norse líða, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną. The sense “suffer” may be borrowed from Middle Low German, but derive from the same root in any case.

VerbEdit

li

  1. to elapse.[1]
    he li på dɑgen ― The day draws to a close.
    he var brɑno lide på ― It was quite late.
  2. to come to an end, run out.
    Da mâtn fâr lii fara ṣwiṇa strii. ― When the food begins to run low, the swine begin to fight. (proverb)
  3. to suffer.[1]

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Larsson, Evert, Söderström, Sven, “lid s. li:, lie s. lî:, lida v. li: etc”, in Hössjömålet : ordbok över en sydvästerbottnisk dialekt [The Hössjö speech: dictionary of a southern Westrobothnian dialect] (in Swedish) →ISBN, page 119
  2. ^ Rietz, Johan Ernst, “LI” in Svenskt dialektlexikon: ordbok öfver svenska allmogespråket [Swedish dialectal lexicon: a dictionary for the Swedish lects] (in Swedish), 1962 edition, Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, published 1862–1867, page 400

YorubaEdit

PronunciationEdit

IPA(key): /lí/

NounEdit

lí

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter L.

See alsoEdit

ZouEdit

Zou cardinal numbers
 <  3 4 5  > 
    Cardinal : li

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ləj. Cognates include Burmese လေး (le:) and Sichuan Yi ꇖ (ly).

PronunciationEdit

NumeralEdit

li

  1. four

ReferencesEdit

  • Lukram Himmat Singh, A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, 2013, page 40
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