li
TranslingualEdit
SymbolEdit
li
- (mathematics) The symbol for the logarithmic integral function.
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Limburgish.
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
An early romanization of Chinese Mandarin 里 (lǐ). As a Korean unit, via the Yale romanization of Korean 리 (ri), from the Chinese distance.
Alternative formsEdit
- (Korea): ri
NounEdit
li (plural lis or li)
- The Chinese mile, a traditional unit of distance equal to 1500 chis or 150 zhangs, now standardized as a half-kilometer (500 meters).
- Synonym: Chinese mile
- 1927, Li, Chi, “Archaeological Survey of the Fêng River Valley, Southern Shansi, China”, in Explorations and Field-work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1926 (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections)[1], volume 78, number 7, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, →OCLC, page 129:
- It was a whole day's journey from I-ch'eng to Chü-wo which, in turn, is about 60 li east of Chiang Chou — one of the most important cities in southern Shansi and a center for curio-dealers.
- 1999 [1994], Zou, Heng (邹衡), “The Early Jin State Capital Discovered: a Personal Account”, in Roderick Whitfield; Wang Tao, transl., Exploring China's Past: New Discoveries and Studies in Archaeology and Art[2], Saffron Books, Eastern Art Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 106:
- In 1979, while we were conducting our archaeological work in Yucheng and Quwo, Shanxi province, I noticed another historical record in the Kuodizhi (a comprehensive account of geography written in 641), which stated that "the ancient city of Tang was 20 li west of Yuchengxian in Jiangzhou."
- 2000, Chen, Shui-Bian, “Learning and Transformation”, in David J. Toman, transl., The Son of Taiwan: The Life of Chen Shui-Bian and His Dreams for Taiwan[3], Taiwan Publishing Co., Ltd., →ISBN, →OCLC, page 40:
- The two gods who accompany Matsu, one with eyes that can see 1000 li⁶ and the other with ears that can hear far over the horizon, represent empathy, observation, and feeling. Government should be like Matsu, equipped with acute powers of observation; see clearly to the bottom of issues, and know how to respond.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:li.
- The Korean mile, a traditional unit of distance equivalent to about 393 m.
- 1980, Kim, Il-sung, “Meeting with My Comrades-in-Arms in North Manchuria”, in Kim Il Sung Works[4], volume 48, Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House, →OCLC, page 144:
- While scaling the Laoyeling Mountains, the Chinese Worker-Peasant Red Army, under the command of Mao Ze-dong and Zhu De, was successfully stepping up the historic 25 000-li Long March in China proper, breaking through the surrounding rings formed by Chiang Kai-shek’s army.
- Synonym: Korean mile
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
li (plural li)
- A traditional Chinese unit of weight, equal to one-thousandth of a liang, or fifty milligrams.
Etymology 3Edit
NounEdit
li (plural li)
Etymology 4Edit
NounEdit
li (plural li)
- An ancient Chinese cauldron having three hollow legs.
Etymology 5Edit
Altered from la, with the vowel changed to signify a raised note.
NounEdit
li (uncountable)
- (music) In solfège, the raised sixth note of a major scale (the note A-sharp in the fixed-do system).
AnagramsEdit
AlbanianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Orel suggests from South Slavic, compare Serbo-Croatian lȉh (“exclusive”), lȋh (“false, odd”), Slovene lȋh (“uneven, odd”).[1] However, generally thought to be from Ancient Greek εὐλογία (eulogía) "blessing", with a euphemistic sense development.[2][3] Compare e.g. the euphemistic synonym "e lume" (the happy/blessed one)[4]
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
li f (definite singular lia)
- pox
- olive scab, peacock spot (Cycloconium oleaginum)
- Synonym: sypallua
HyponymsEdit
- li e bardhë (“chicken pox”)
- li e dushkut (“chicken pox”)
- li e dhenve (“sheeppox”)
- li e madhe (“smallpox”)
- li e mirë (“chicken pox”)
- li e pyllit (“chicken pox”)
- li e ullirit (“olive scab, peacock spot”) (Cycloconium oleaginum)
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “lijë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 227
- ^ Eqrem Çabej, Studime etimologjike në fushë të shqipes, Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë, 1996, page 168
- ^ Eqrem Çabej, Studime Filologjike, Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dje i Letërsisë., 1990, page 99
- ^ Eqrem Çabej, Studime gjuhësore: Nga historia e gjuhës shqipe, Rilindja, 1977, page 22
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin līnum.
NounEdit
li m (definite singular liri)
AragoneseEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronounEdit
li
- him (indirect object)
SynonymsEdit
AromanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin illis, dative common plural of ille. Compare Romanian le.
PronounEdit
li f (short/unstressed accusative form of eali)
- (direct object) them (all-female group)
Related termsEdit
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin illī, dative common singular of ille.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
li (enclitic and proclitic)
DeclensionEdit
CorsicanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin illi, masculine plural of ille, from Old Latin olle. Cognates include Italian gli (“the, them”) and Romanian îi (“them”).
PronounEdit
li
See alsoEdit
ArticleEdit
li
- Archaic form of i.
ReferencesEdit
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
NounEdit
li m (uncountable)
- li (Chinese unit of distance).
EsperantoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Italian lui, French lui, or Spanish le, plus the i of personal pronouns.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
li (accusative lin, possessive lia)
- (personal pronoun) he
Usage notesEdit
- Li is traditionally used as both a masculine and a gender-neutral pronoun, but since the 1970s generic usage has sometimes been criticized and is increasingly being avoided and replaced by "li aŭ ŝi". Some people think this is an imperfect solution which is inappropriately long, and since the 2010s it is additionally also criticized by some as being too exclusive to non-binary people. In response to such criticisms, there have been various proposals for new pronouns, but the only proposal that has been gaining some adoption is ri.
SynonymsEdit
Related termsEdit
- ili (“they”) (plural)
FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
li m (plural lis)
- li (Chinese unit of distance)
Further readingEdit
- “li”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
Guinea-Bissau CreoleEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Portuguese ali. Cognate with Kabuverdianu li.
AdverbEdit
li
Haitian CreoleEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronounEdit
li (contracted form l)
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
li
- to read
IdoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From lu (“he, him, she, her, it, that”) + -i (“-s; plural”).
PronounEdit
li pl
Related termsEdit
IstriotEdit
ArticleEdit
li
- masculine plural definite article
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 40:
- Ti me pari oûna dea infra li dai,
- You seem to me a goddess among the gods
- Ti me pari oûna dea infra li dai,
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 40:
ItalianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of ille.
Alternative formsEdit
- -li (enclitic)
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): °/li/°
- Homophone: lì
- Rhymes: -i
- Syllabification: li
- As an unstressed clitic, it does not trigger syntactic gemination of the following consonant. It also actively blocks syntactic gemination of its initial consonant, such as after a word like però (“but”) that would normally trigger syntactic gemination. (This does not apply to the enclitic form -li, e.g. dalli a me (“give them to me”).)
PronounEdit
li m pl
- (accusative) them (masculine)
- Li ricordo. ― I remember them.
Usage notesEdit
- Never elides.
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Etymology 2Edit
Variant of gli.
ArticleEdit
li m pl (singular lo)
PronounEdit
li m pl (singular lo)
Etymology 3Edit
AdverbEdit
li
- Misspelling of lì.
AnagramsEdit
JapaneseEdit
RomanizationEdit
li
JarawaEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
li
PronounEdit
li
- this, these, this one, these ones
- li topo t-ita-b.
- He ate the snake.
- li aːw.
- This is a bow.
- Coordinate term: luwə (“that”)
ReferencesEdit
- Kumar, Pramod (2012). Descriptive and Typological Study of Jarawa (PhD). Jawaharlal Nehru University. Page 85, 101—102.
KabuverdianuEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Portuguese ali.
AdverbEdit
li
Khumi ChinEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *lii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-liy. Cognate to Burmese လေး (le:, “bow”) and S'gaw Karen ချံၣ် (khleè, “bow”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
li
ReferencesEdit
- K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin[5], Payap University, page 45
LivonianEdit
VerbEdit
li
- 2nd person singular imperative form of lǟdõ
Louisiana CreoleEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
li (third-person singular, plural yé, objective li, possessive sô, emphatic li-chin)
Coordinate termsEdit
MalteseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- illi (after a word-final consonant cluster)
EtymologyEdit
From Arabic اَلَّذِي (allaḏī, relative pronoun). Compare common dialectal Arabic اللي (illi, lli). The use as a conjunction is widely found in Maghrebi Arabic, so there is no reason to consider it a Romance influence (as might otherwise be thought; compare Italian che, which is both a relative pronoun and the conjunction “that”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
li
- (relative) who; which; that
- Dan huwa r-raġel li seraq il-karozza. ― That’s the man who stole the car.
- Din hija ħaġa li tħawwadni. ― This is something that confuses me.
Usage notesEdit
- Unlike standard Arabic, the relative pronoun is normally used also with indefinite referents (example sentence 2). However, it is optional in this case.
ConjunctionEdit
li
- that
- Nixtieq ngħidilha li nħobbha. ― I want to tell her that I love her.
MandarinEdit
RomanizationEdit
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哩
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 裏/里
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 裡/里
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 里
li
- Nonstandard spelling of lī.
- Nonstandard spelling of lí.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǐ.
- Nonstandard spelling of lì.
Usage notesEdit
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Mauritian CreoleEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronounEdit
li
See alsoEdit
MichifEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
MiskitoEdit
NounEdit
li
ReferencesEdit
- Eduard Conzemius, Ethnographical Survey of the Miskito and Sumu Indians (1932)
MooreEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
li
MunseeEdit
ParticleEdit
lí[1]
ReferencesEdit
NeapolitanEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
li
- Alternative form of 'i
NiuatoputapuEdit
ArticleEdit
li
NormanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French li, from Vulgar Latin *illui, a Vulgar Latin dative of Classical Latin ille.
PronounEdit
li
Northern KurdishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *en.
PronunciationEdit
- Rhymes: -ɪ
PrepositionEdit
Central Kurdish | لە (le) |
---|
li
- in
- li Kurdistanê ― in Kurdistan
- an element of several prepositions and circumpositions
Related termsEdit
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
li f or m (definite singular lia or lien, indefinite plural lier, definite plural liene)
- A sloping mountainside or hillside covered with grass or forest.
ReferencesEdit
- “li” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
AnagramsEdit
Norwegian NynorskEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse hlíð, from Proto-Germanic *hlīdō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱléyteh₂ (“something leaned, inclined”).
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
li f (definite singular lia, indefinite plural lier, definite plural liene)
- a sloping mountainside or hillside covered with grass or forest.
InflectionEdit
Historical inflection of li
Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century. |
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Norse líða, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną. The sense of suffering may be a loan from Middle Low German.
Alternative formsEdit
VerbEdit
li (present tense lir, past tense lei, supine lidd or lidt or liden, past participle lidd or liden, present participle lidande, imperative li)
- (intransitive, of time) to pass, elapse
- (intransitive) to suffer
- (intransitive) to endure
- (intransitive) to tolerate, like
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “li” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
AnagramsEdit
Old FrenchEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin ille (“that”). In the nominative singular, it was influenced by the nom. sg. form of the pronoun quī.
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
li
- the (masculine nominative singular and plural definite article)
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Li rois respont: "N'est pas mançonge"
- The king replied "this is no lie"
- Li rois respont: "N'est pas mançonge"
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
InflectionEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Latin illī (“to that one”), dative singular of Latin ille. Cognate of Spanish le, Portuguese lhe, Italian gli.
PronounEdit
li
- third-person singular indirect object pronoun; to him, to her, to it
- circa 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:
- Si li ancomancent a dire
- He started to tell him
DescendantsEdit
- French: lui
Old OccitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
ArticleEdit
li
- the (masculine nominative singular and plural definite article)
Old PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *li.[1][2] First attested in 1395.
ParticleEdit
li
- interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question
- (when reduplicated) whether … or
- (when reduplicated) both … and
ConjunctionEdit
li
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Polish: li
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- ^ Andrzej Bańkowski (2000) Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego (in Polish)
- S. Urbańczyk, editor (1963), “li”, in Słownik staropolski (in Old Polish), volume 4, Wrocław, Warsaw, Kraków: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 33
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Inherited from Old Polish li, from Proto-Slavic *li.[1][2] First attested in 1395.[3]
ParticleEdit
li
- (archaic, literary) interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question
- Synonym: czy
- (archaic, literary) only
- (Middle Polish) emphasis particle
ConjunctionEdit
li
- (obsolete) if
- Synonym: jeśli
- (Middle Polish) since, because
- Synonym: skoro
- (Middle Polish) though
- Synonyms: acz, aczkolwiek, chociaż, mimo że
- (Middle Polish) when
- Synonym: kiedy
- (Middle Polish) or
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from Mandarin 里 (lǐ).
NounEdit
li n (indeclinable)
Etymology 3Edit
NounEdit
li n (indeclinable)
- li (meaningful ceremony or ritual)
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- ^ Andrzej Bańkowski (2000) Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego (in Polish)
- ^ S. Urbańczyk, editor (1963), “li”, in Słownik staropolski (in Old Polish), volume 4, Wrocław, Warsaw, Kraków: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 33
- “li”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2022
Further readingEdit
- li in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- li in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807-1814), “li”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “li”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “li”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 2730
- Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “li”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
- Hyphenation: li
- Rhymes: -i
VerbEdit
li
RomagnolEdit
PronounEdit
li (plural le)
ReferencesEdit
Ercolani, Libero (1971) Vocabolario Romagnolo-Italiano, Monte di Ravenna, page 232
RomanianEdit
PronounEdit
li (dative form of ele, form of le)
- to them
Usage notesEdit
This word is used when le (which is dative) is combined with the following accusatives:
- îl (the accusative of el, contracted as li-l)
- îi (the accusative of ei, contracted as li-i)
- le (the accusative of ele)
- se (the reflexive accusative of all third-person pronouns)
See alsoEdit
SassareseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- -lli (pronoun, enclitic, used when previous syllable is stressed)
- -ri (pronoun, enclitic, used when previous syllable is unstressed)
EtymologyEdit
From Latin illī, illae, masculine and feminine plural forms of ille (“that”).
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
li m pl or f pl
Sassarese definite articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | lu/l' | li/l' |
feminine | la/l' |
- the (masculine and feminine plural)
Usage notesEdit
- Becomes l' before a vowel.
PronounEdit
li m pl or f pl
- (followed by chi) those
- Di curori vi ni so umbè. Ca so li chi tu priferi?
- There are lots of colors. Which ones do you prefer?
- (literally, “Of colors there are a lot. Which ones are those which you prefer?”)
- them (accusative)
- Abà li zerchu ― I'll look for them (literally, “Now I look for them”)
- dative of eddu
- Li cuzinu la trìglia ― I'll prepare him mullet (literally, “I cook to him the mullet”)
- dative of edda
- Li fozzu li frisgiori ― I'll prepare her some flapjacks (literally, “I make to her the flapjacks”)
- dative of eddi
ReferencesEdit
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *li.
PronunciationEdit
ParticleEdit
li (Cyrillic spelling ли)
- question-forming interrogative particle (postpositive, unlike other particles, never first word in a sentence)
- poznaješ li me ― do you know me?
- jesi li stigao na odredište? ― did you reach the destination?
- jeste li ga vid(j)eli ― have you seen him?
- gd(j)e li se samo nalazimo? ― where could we be?
- kad li će doći? ― when will he/they come?
- je li? ― Is it? (Is that so? Isn't that so?)
- used as conjunction with da (except in Croatian, je li is used instead)
- da li ― whether
- nemam pojma da li je došao ― I have no idea whether he came (Croatian: "nemam pojma je li došao")
- (as a conjunction) if
- pokušaš li me napasti, ja ću ti uzvratiti ― should you try to attack me, I'll strike you back (when "li" is used in this sense, it is usually translated as a subjunctive form "should", and when "ako" is used, it is usually translated as "if" - ako me pokušaš napasti = if you try to attack me)
- used as an emphatic intensifier
- a sn(ij)eg pada li pada ― the snow just keeps falling and falling...
- d(ij)ete plače li plače ― the child just keeps crying and crying...
See alsoEdit
- zar (interrogative particle)
SicilianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From the conflation of the apheresis of Latin illī and illae, both nominative plurals of ille.
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
li m pl or f pl
Usage notesEdit
- This article is nowadays an obsolete variant, unlike its illiquid counterpart i. It is currently used only in some restricted areas where it is still withheld in conversational communications.
- Today it is mostly used in crystallized contexts, such as singing, poetry or sayings and proverbs. In all these cases this definite article is more euphonetic than the variants, now predominant, which have undergone the lenition of the initial liquid consonant.
- Its use is however almost undisputed before nouns (or nominalized forms of other parts of speech, most often adjectives) that begin with vowels. In this case the form is an apocopic l'. Otherwise, illiquid definite articles are phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e: l'arancini (liquid) and ârancini (illiquid).
InflectionEdit
Sicilian articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine singular definite article | Feminine singular definite article | Masculine and feminine plural definite article | ||
Definite articles (liquid) | lu | la | li | |
Definite articles (illiquid) | u | a | i | |
Definite articles | nu (also: un,'n) |
na |
Etymology 2Edit
From the conflation of the apheresis of Latin illī and illae, both nominative plurals of ille.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
li m pl or f pl
- (accusative) them
- Li canusci? ― Do you know them?
- Synonym: i
- (accusative) them, these or those thing
- Quannu ti li desi. ― When I gave them to you.
- Synonym: i
Usage notesEdit
- This pronoun is now an obsolete variant. It is currently used only in some restricted areas where it is still withheld in conversational communications.
- Today it is mostly used in crystallized contexts, such as singing, poetry or sayings and proverbs. In all these cases this definite article is more euphonetic than the variants, now predominant, which have undergone the lenition of the initial liquid consonant.
- Its use is however almost undisputed before words that begin with vowels. In this case the form is an apocopic l'.
SwahiliEdit
VerbEdit
-li
- general relative positive degree stem of -wa, -wapo, -wako, or -wamo
- mambo yaliomo ― the things which are inside
SumerianEdit
RomanizationEdit
li
- Romanization of 𒇷 (li)
Tedim ChinEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ləj.
NumeralEdit
li
ReferencesEdit
- Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip
VietnameseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 璃 (“glass”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
(classifier cái) li
See alsoEdit
VolapükEdit
ParticleEdit
li
- Appended with a hyphen to a verb, it turns the entire clause it is in into a question.
WalloonEdit
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
li (after an open syllable and/or before a vowel: l', plural: les, plural after an open syllable and before a vowel: ls)
- the
- Li mwaisse ― The master
- Li maistrece ― The mistress
- L' ome ― The man
- C' est li l' mwaisse ― He is the master
- Les måjhons ― The houses
- Les omes ― The men
- Çou sont ls åtes tchesteas ― These are the other castles
PronounEdit
li
West MakianEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
li
ReferencesEdit
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[6], Pacific linguistics
WestrobothnianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
li f
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Norse lé, specifically the accusative léa, from Proto-Germanic *lewô. The duosyllabic accent might be derived from the definite singular form.
PronunciationEdit
- (Hössjö) IPA(key): [lìː]
- (Skellefteå) IPA(key): [lèɪ̯ːj]
- (Luleå) IPA(key): [lø̀ʏ̯ː]
- (Kalix) IPA(key): [lɛ̀ɪ̯ː]
NounEdit
lî m (definite singular lien)
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
NounEdit
li n (definite singular liä)
- afterbirth from calving[2]
Etymology 4Edit
From Old Norse líða, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną. The sense “suffer” may be borrowed from Middle Low German, but derive from the same root in any case.
VerbEdit
li
- to elapse.[1]
- he li på dɑgen ― The day draws to a close.
- he var brɑno lide på ― It was quite late.
- to come to an end, run out.
- Da mâtn fâr lii fara ṣwiṇa strii. ― When the food begins to run low, the swine begin to fight. (proverb)
- to suffer.[1]
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Larsson, Evert, Söderström, Sven, “lid s. li:, lie s. lî:, lida v. li: etc”, in Hössjömålet : ordbok över en sydvästerbottnisk dialekt [The Hössjö speech: dictionary of a southern Westrobothnian dialect] (in Swedish) →ISBN, page 119
- ^ Rietz, Johan Ernst, “LI” in Svenskt dialektlexikon: ordbok öfver svenska allmogespråket [Swedish dialectal lexicon: a dictionary for the Swedish lects] (in Swedish), 1962 edition, Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, published 1862–1867, page 400
YorubaEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
lí
- The name of the Latin-script letter L.
See alsoEdit
ZouEdit
< 3 | 4 | 5 > |
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Cardinal : li | ||
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *lii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ləj. Cognates include Burmese လေး (le:) and Sichuan Yi ꇖ (ly).
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
li
ReferencesEdit
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40
- Philip Thanglienmang (2014), “Zou Tonology”, in Indian Linguistics, volume 75, issue 1-2, →ISSN