lu
TranslingualEdit
SymbolEdit
lu
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
lu (uncountable)
- Archaic form of loo (“card game”).
VerbEdit
lu (third-person singular simple present lus, present participle luing, simple past and past participle lued)
- Archaic form of loo (“beat at card game”).
Etymology 2Edit
A romanization of Chinese 路 (lù, “route”)
NounEdit
lu (usually uncountable, plural lus)
- (historical) Synonym of route or circuit: an administrative division of imperial China.
ReferencesEdit
- “lu”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
AnagramsEdit
AiwooEdit
NounEdit
lu
ReferencesEdit
- Ross, M. & Næss, Å. (2007), “An Oceanic origin for Äiwoo, the language of the Reef Islands?”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 46, issue 2. Cited in: "Äiwoo" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
AsturianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum, accusative of ille. Compare Spanish lo.
PronounEdit
BasqueEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
lu inan
DeclensionEdit
indefinite | singular | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
absolutive | lu | lua | luak |
ergative | luk | luak | luek |
dative | luri | luari | luei |
genitive | luren | luaren | luen |
comitative | lurekin | luarekin | luekin |
causative | lurengatik | luarengatik | luengatik |
benefactive | lurentzat | luarentzat | luentzat |
instrumental | luz | luaz | luez |
inessive | lutan | luan | luetan |
locative | lutako | luko | luetako |
allative | lutara | lura | luetara |
terminative | lutaraino | luraino | luetaraino |
directive | lutarantz | lurantz | luetarantz |
destinative | lutarako | lurako | luetarako |
ablative | lutatik | lutik | luetatik |
partitive | lurik | — | — |
prolative | lutzat | — | — |
ChineseEdit
For pronunciation and definitions of lu – see 嚕 (“Cantonese particle”). (This character, lu, is a variant form of 嚕.) |
CorsicanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin ille (“that”), from Old Latin olle (“that”). Cognates include Italian lo (“him”), il (“the”) and French le (“the, him”).
ArticleEdit
lu
- Archaic form of u.
PronounEdit
lu
- Archaic form of u.
ReferencesEdit
DanishEdit
VerbEdit
lu
- imperative of lue
FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
ParticipleEdit
lu (feminine lue, masculine plural lus, feminine plural lues)
- past participle of lire
FriulianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum. Compare Italian lo.
PronounEdit
lu (third person masculine direct object)
Related termsEdit
HausaEdit
PronunciationEdit
IdeophoneEdit
lû
- swinging motion
IdoEdit
EtymologyEdit
Back-formation from ilu (“he, him”), elu (“she, her”) and olu (“it”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
lu (plural li)
- Third-person singular pronoun for referents of any gender; he/him, she/her, it or that
- Me ne savas ka lu es viro o muliero.
- I don't know if he/she is a man or a woman.
- Me ne savas ka lu es viro o muliero.
Usage notesEdit
Lu is widely used in Ido, and not exclusively when a gendered possessive determiner is inappropriate, but also in order to avoid repetition depending on the user's preferences.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Singular | Plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Possessive | Nominative | Possessive | ||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||
First person | me | mea | mei | ni | nia | nii | |
Second person | Formal | vu | vua | vui | vi | via | vii |
Familiar | tu | tua | tui | ||||
Third person | Masculine | ilu, il | ilua | ilui | ili | ilia | ilii |
Feminine | elu, el | elua | elui | eli | elia | elii | |
Neuter | olu, ol | olua | olui | oli | olia | olii | |
Common | lu | lua | lui | li | lia | lii | |
Reflexive | su | sua | sui | su | sua | sui | |
Indefinite | onu, on | onua | onui | onu, on | onua | onui | |
Notes | |||||||
The possessive plurals are seldom used. | |||||||
The shortened forms are preferred. | |||||||
The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios. |
IndonesianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Betawi Udik lo (“you”), from Hokkien 汝 (lú). Doublet of lo.
PronounEdit
lu
SynonymsEdit
Indonesian informal second-person pronouns:
- anta (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
- antum (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
- coen (slang, East Java)
- ente (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
- kamu (intimate)
- ko, kowe (informal, Java)
- kon, koen (colloquial, East Java)
- lu, lo, loe, elu (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
- mika, mike (informal, Eastern Sumatra)
JapaneseEdit
RomanizationEdit
lu
JingphoEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Burmese လှူ (hlu).
VerbEdit
lu
ReferencesEdit
MandarinEdit
RomanizationEdit
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 氌/氇
lu
- Nonstandard spelling of lū.
- Nonstandard spelling of lú.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǔ.
- Nonstandard spelling of lù.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǖ.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǘ.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǚ.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǜ.
Usage notesEdit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
MuongEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Vietic *m-luː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *bluuʔ.
A great number of Muong lects, as well as Vietnamese, had replaced this native etymology with Sinitic 腿 (tuǐ).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
lu
NeapolitanEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
lu
- Alternative form of 'u
Norwegian NynorskEdit
NounEdit
lu m
ReferencesEdit
- Ivar Aasen (1850), “Lu”, in Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog, Oslo: Samlaget, published 2000
Old FrenchEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
lu m (oblique plural lus, nominative singular lus, nominative plural lu)
SassareseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Vulgar Latin *(il)lu, from Latin illum, accusative of ille (“that”).
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
lu m sg (plural li, feminine la)
Sassarese definite articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | lu/l' | li/l' |
feminine | la/l' |
- the (masculine singular)
Usage notesEdit
- Becomes l' before a vowel.
PronounEdit
- (followed by chi) that
- Di curori vi ni so umbè. Ca è lu chi tu priferi?
- There are lots of colors. Which one do you prefer?
- (literally, “Of colors there are a lot. Which one is that which you prefer?”)
- him (accusative)
- Lu cunnosci? ― Do you know him?
- it (accusative)
- Abà ti lu diggu ― Now I'll tell you (literally, “Now I tell it to you”)
ReferencesEdit
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
SicilianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum, from ille.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
Usage notesEdit
- This article is nowadays an obsolete variant, unlike its illiquid counterpart u. It is currently used only in some restricted areas where it is still withheld in conversational communications.
- Today it is mostly used in crystallized contexts, such as singing, poetry or sayings and proverbs. In all these cases this definite article is more euphonetic than the variants, now predominant, which have undergone the lenition of the initial liquid consonant.
- Its use is however almost undisputed before nouns (or nominalized forms of other parts of speech, most often adjectives) that begin with vowels. In this case the form is an apocopic l'. Otherwise, illiquid definite articles are phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e: l'arancinu (liquid) and ârancinu (illiquid).
InflectionEdit
Sicilian articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine singular definite article | Feminine singular definite article | Masculine and feminine plural definite article | ||
Definite articles (liquid) | lu | la | li | |
Definite articles (illiquid) | u | a | i | |
Definite articles | nu (also: un,'n) |
na |
Etymology 2Edit
From the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum, from ille.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
lu m sg (plural li, female la)
- (accusative) him
- Lu canusci? ― Do you know him?
- Synonym: u
- (accusative) it, this or that thing
- Synonym: u
- Quannu ti lu desi. ― When I gave it to you.
Usage notesEdit
- This pronoun is now an obsolete variant. It is currently used only in some restricted areas where it is still withheld in conversational communications.
- Today it is mostly used in crystallized contexts, such as singing, poetry or sayings and proverbs. In all these cases this definite article is more euphonetic than the variants, now predominant, which have undergone the lenition of the initial liquid consonant.
- Its use is however almost undisputed before words that begin with vowels. In this case the form is an apocopic l'.
Tocharian AEdit
EtymologyEdit
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *luhxeh₂, through a Proto-Tocharian *luwā-. Compare Tocharian B luwo. May be distantly related Old Church Slavonic ловъ (lovŭ, “the chase”), Serbo-Croatian lȏv (“chase; game animal”); cf. also Ancient Greek λέων (léōn, “lion”).
NounEdit
lu
VepsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *luu, from Proto-Uralic *luwe.
NounEdit
lu
InflectionEdit
Inflection of lu (inflection type 13/ma) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | lu | ||
genitive sing. | lun | ||
partitive sing. | lud | ||
partitive plur. | luid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | lu | lud | |
accusative | lun | lud | |
genitive | lun | luiden | |
partitive | lud | luid | |
essive-instructive | lun | luin | |
translative | luks | luikš | |
inessive | lus | luiš | |
elative | luspäi | luišpäi | |
illative | luhu | luihe | |
adessive | lul | luil | |
ablative | lulpäi | luilpäi | |
allative | lule | luile | |
abessive | luta | luita | |
comitative | lunke | luidenke | |
prolative | ludme | luidme | |
approximative I | lunno | luidenno | |
approximative II | lunnoks | luidennoks | |
egressive | lunnopäi | luidennopäi | |
terminative I | luhusai | luihesai | |
terminative II | lulesai | luilesai | |
terminative III | lussai | — | |
additive I | luhupäi | luihepäi | |
additive II | lulepäi | luilepäi |
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “кость”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
VietnameseEdit
EtymologyEdit
Compare Khmer លូ (luu, “large jar”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
(classifier cái) lu
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /lɨː/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /liː/
NounEdit
lu
- Soft mutation of llu.
MutationEdit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
llu | lu | unchanged | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
ZazakiEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
lu
ZouEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
lu
ReferencesEdit
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 42