lier
See also: Lier
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English lier, equivalent to lie + -er. Compare ligger, lidger, ledger.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
lier (plural liers)
- A person or thing that lies, in the sense of being horizontal.
- A lie-abed; one who stays in bed late.
- Obsolete spelling of liar.
- Misspelling of liar.
See alsoEdit
AnagramsEdit
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch liere, from Latin lyra, from Ancient Greek λύρα (lúra).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
lier f (plural lieren, diminutive liertje n)
Derived termsEdit
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French lier, from Latin ligāre, present active infinitive of ligō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyǵ- (“to bind”).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
lier
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of lier (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | lier | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | liant /ljɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | lié /lje/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | lie /li/ |
lies /li/ |
lie /li/ |
lions /ljɔ̃/ |
liez /lje/ |
lient /li/ |
| imperfect | liais /ljɛ/ |
liais /ljɛ/ |
liait /ljɛ/ |
liions /li.jɔ̃/ |
liiez /li.je/ |
liaient /ljɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | liai /lje/ |
lias /lja/ |
lia /lja/ |
liâmes /ljam/ |
liâtes /ljat/ |
lièrent /ljɛʁ/ | |
| future | lierai /li.ʁe/ |
lieras /li.ʁa/ |
liera /li.ʁa/ |
lierons /li.ʁɔ̃/ |
lierez /li.ʁe/ |
lieront /li.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | lierais /li.ʁɛ/ |
lierais /li.ʁɛ/ |
lierait /li.ʁɛ/ |
lierions /li.ʁjɔ̃/ |
lieriez /li.ʁje/ |
lieraient /li.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | lie /li/ |
lies /li/ |
lie /li/ |
liions /li.jɔ̃/ |
liiez /li.je/ |
lient /li/ |
| imperfect2 | liasse /ljas/ |
liasses /ljas/ |
liât /lja/ |
liassions /lja.sjɔ̃/ |
liassiez /lja.sje/ |
liassent /ljas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | lie /li/ |
— | lions /ljɔ̃/ |
liez /lje/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is only usable with the preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- → German: liieren
Further readingEdit
- “lier” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
AnagramsEdit
LatinEdit
VerbEdit
līer
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
lier f
- indefinite plural of li
AnagramsEdit
Old FrenchEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin ligāre, present active infinitive of ligō.
VerbEdit
lier
ConjugationEdit
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of lier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | lier | avoir lïé | |||||
| gerund | en liant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | liant | ||||||
| past participle | lïé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | li | lïes | lïe | lions | lïez | lïent |
| imperfect | lioie, lïeie, lioe, lïeve | lioies, lïeies, lioes, lïeves | lioit, lïeit, liot, lïeve | liiiens, liiens | liiiez, liiez | lioient, lïeient, lioent, lïevent | |
| preterite | liai | lias | lia | liames | liastes | lïerent | |
| future | lïerai | lïeras | lïera | lïerons | lïeroiz, lïereiz, lïerez | lïeront | |
| conditional | lïeroie, lïereie | lïeroies, lïereies | lïeroit, lïereit | lïeriiens, lïeriens | lïeriiez, lïeriez | lïeroient, lïereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | li | lis | lit | lions | lïez | lïent |
| imperfect | liasse | liasses | liast | liissons, liissiens | liissoiz, liissez, liissiez | liassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | lïe | — | lions | lïez | — | ||