proletariat
English edit
Etymology edit
From French prolétariat (“proletariats as a class; state of being a proletariat”), from Latin prōlētārius (“belonging to the lowest class of citizens, whose only contribution to the state was their offspring; member of this class”) + French -at (suffix denoting actions or the results of actions).[1] Prōlētārius is derived from prōlēs (“offspring, posterity”) + -ārius (suffix forming adjectives from nouns, or forming nouns denoting agents of use from other nouns); prōlēs is from pro- (prefix meaning ‘bringing forth or into being; bringing into the open’) + *olēs (a variant of *oleō (“to grow”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”)).
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˌpɹəʊ.lɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ət/
- (General American) enPR: prō'lĭ-târʹē-ət, IPA(key): /ˌpɹoʊ.lɪˈtɛɚ.i.ət/
Audio (CA) (file) - Hyphenation: pro‧le‧ta‧ri‧at
Noun edit
proletariat (plural proletariats)
- (often derogatory, also figuratively) The lowest class of society; also, the lower classes of society generally; the masses.
- Synonym: proletary
- (Marxism) Wage earners collectively, excluding salaried workers; people who own no capital and depend on their labour for survival; the working class, especially when seen as engaged in a class struggle with the bourgeoisie (“the capital-owning class”).
- Synonyms: proletarian, proletary, prole
- Antonym: bourgeoisie
- Coordinate term: salariat
- 1848 February, Karl Marx, Frederick Engels [i.e., Friedrich Engels], “Bourgeois and Proletarians”, in Samuel Moore, transl., Manifesto of the Communist Party. […], 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: National Executive Committee of the Socialist Labor Party, published 1898, →OCLC, page 27:
- Of all the classes that stand face to face with the bourgeoisie to-day, the proletariat alone is a really revolutionary class. The other classes decay and finally disappear in the face of modern industry; the proletariat is its special and essential product.
- (chiefly Ancient Rome, historical) The lowest class of citizens, who had no property and few rights, and were regarded as contributing only their offspring to the state.
- Synonyms: proletarian, proletary
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- proles (rare)
- proletaire (archaic)
- proletairism (archaic)
- proletarian
- proletarianisation, proletarianization
- proletarianise, proletarianize
- proletarianism
- proletarianly
- proletarisation, proletarization
- proletarise, proletarize (rare)
- proletarised, proletarized (adjective)
- proletary (archaic)
- proletkult
- prolicidal
- prolicide
Translations edit
lowest class of society; lower classes of society generally
|
wage-earners collectively
|
lowest class of citizens in Ancient Rome and elsewhere
|
References edit
- ^ “proletariat, n.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020; “proletariat, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Further reading edit
proletariat on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams edit
Azerbaijani edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Russian пролетариа́т (proletariát), from French prolétariat.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
proletariat (definite accusative proletariatı, plural proletariatlar)
Declension edit
| Declension of proletariat | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| nominative | proletariat |
proletariatlar | ||||||
| definite accusative | proletariatı |
proletariatları | ||||||
| dative | proletariata |
proletariatlara | ||||||
| locative | proletariatda |
proletariatlarda | ||||||
| ablative | proletariatdan |
proletariatlardan | ||||||
| definite genitive | proletariatın |
proletariatların | ||||||
Further reading edit
- “proletariat” in Obastan.com.
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French prolétariat.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /prɔ.lɛˈta.rjat/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -arjat
- Syllabification: pro‧le‧ta‧riat
- Homophone: Proletariat
Noun edit
proletariat m inan (related adjective proletariacki)
- (collective, Marxism) proletariat (working class or lower class)
- (Ancient Rome, collective, historical) proletariat (lowest class of citizens in Rome)
Declension edit
Declension of proletariat
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | proletariat |
| genitive | proletariatu |
| dative | proletariatowi |
| accusative | proletariat |
| instrumental | proletariatem |
| locative | proletariacie |
| vocative | proletariacie |
Derived terms edit
nouns
Related terms edit
nouns
verbs
- proletaryzować impf
- sproletaryzować pf
Further reading edit
- proletariat in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- proletariat in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- proletariat in PWN's encyclopedia
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French prolétariat.
Noun edit
proletariat n (uncountable)
Declension edit
declension of proletariat (singular only)
| singular | ||
|---|---|---|
| n gender | indefinite articulation | definite articulation |
| nominative/accusative | (un) proletariat | proletariatul |
| genitive/dative | (unui) proletariat | proletariatului |
| vocative | proletariatule | |
Swedish edit
Noun edit
proletariat n
Declension edit
| Declension of proletariat | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uncountable | ||||
| Indefinite | Definite | |||
| Nominative | proletariat | proletariatet | — | — |
| Genitive | proletariats | proletariatets | — | — |