-at
See also: Appendix:Variations of "at"
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
SuffixEdit
-at
- forms themasculinesingularpast participle of verbs whose infinitives end in-ar
- forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “which contains the suffixed noun”
- forms nouns, from the names of types of professionals, meaning the position of being that type of professional; -dom
- almirall (“admiral”) + -at → almirallat (“admiralty”)
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “-at”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “-at” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
CzechEdit
SuffixEdit
-at
- a common ending for many infinitive verbs
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- -at in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate, and the inherited French doublet -é.[1]
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-at m (plural -ats)
- denotes an action or a result of an action
- assassiner (“to assassinate”) + -at → assassinat (“assassination”)
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ é-; in: Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert
GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate.
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
SuffixEdit
-at
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
-at
- (causative suffix) Added to a back-vowel verb (or extremely rarely to a noun) to form a verb with a meaning of let or make somebody do something.
Usage notesEdit
- (causative suffix) Variants:
- -at is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
- -et is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
- -tat is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
- tisztít (“to clean”) → tisztíttat (“to have someone clean or to have something cleaned”)
- -tet is added to front-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
-a- + -t (noun-forming suffix)
SuffixEdit
-at
- (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun, expressing the result of the action or sometimes a more abstract relation (compare -ás/-és).
Usage notesEdit
- Variants:
- -at is added to back-vowel verbs
- -et is added to front-vowel verbs
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
SuffixEdit
-at
- (accusative suffix) Used to form the accusative case for a certain group of back-vowel nouns and numerals, back-vowel past participles, most back-vowel adjectives, and all back-vowel forms following any other inflectional suffix(es).
- ház (“house”) → Vettem egy házat. – I bought a house.
- okos (“smart, clever”) → okosat (“smart, clever [acc.]”)
- hány? (“how many”) → hányat? (“how many [acc.]”)
- három (“three”) → hármat (“three [acc.]”)
- ablakok (“windows”) → ablakokat (“windows [acc.]”)
- asztalom (“my desk/table”) → asztalomat (“my desk/table [acc.]”)
- nagyobb (“bigger”) → nagyobbat (“a/the bigger one [acc.]”)
- nyitott (“opened”) → nyitottat (“the opened one [acc.]”)
Usage notesEdit
- (accusative suffix): It can be added to nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. Whether a suffix-initial vowel (linking vowel) will be used is hard to predict and thus needs to be learned with each word. A rule of thumb, however, is that older and shorter words tend to incorporate a vowel, rather than simply use -t. Variants:
- -t is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final -o in foreign words changes to -ó-.
- -ot is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -at is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -et is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öt is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -∅ (zero form), optionally, after possessive suffixes, especially in the singular but sometimes also in the plural (and not infrequently after multiple-possession forms as well), except for the third-person singular (“his/her/its”, -ja/-je) as its omission would not reduce the number of syllables.
- Elviszem a kabátom(at/∅), kabátod(at/∅); kabátunk(at/∅), kabátotok(at/∅), kabátjuk(at/∅); kabátjaim(at/∅) etc.
- I’ll take my coat, your coat; our coat, [plural] your coat, their coat; my coats etc.
Hungarian case suffixes
| Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
| nominative | — | ||
| accusative | -t | ||
| -ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
| dative | -nak | -nek | |
| instrumental | -val | -vel | |
| causal-final | -ért | ||
| translative | -vá | -vé | |
| terminative | -ig | ||
| essive-formal | -ként | ||
| essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
| inessive | -ban | -ben | |
| superessive | -n | ||
| -on | -en | -ön | |
| adessive | -nál | -nél | |
| illative | -ba | -be | |
| sublative | -ra | -re | |
| allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
| elative | -ból | -ből | |
| delative | -ról | -ről | |
| ablative | -tól | -től | |
| Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként | |||
Etymology 4Edit
From -atik (passive-forming suffix), removing the ending.
SuffixEdit
-at
- combining form of -atik (passive-forming suffix) before all inflectional and derivational suffixes, except the dictionary form itself, the indefinite third-person singular present indicative
- elnyomatik (“to be suppressed”) → elnyomatás (“suppression”, being suppressed).
Usage notesEdit
(combining forms of the passive-forming suffix) Variants: -at-, -et-, -tat-, -tet- (from -atik, -etik, -tatik, -tetik), as well as the tautological (doubly suffixed) forms -attat-, -ettet- (from -attatik, -ettetik). See more in the template of the full forms of this suffix.
See alsoEdit
LatinEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-at
- third-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)
DescendantsEdit
MalteseEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-at
- Alternative form of -iet (noun plural suffix)
Usage notesEdit
Northern SamiEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Samic *-ëŋkë.
SuffixEdit
-at
- Forms adjectives indicating something that is possessed as a characteristic.
- guhkes juolgi (“long leg”) + -at → guhkesjuolggat (“long-legged”)
Usage notesEdit
- This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
InflectionEdit
| Odd, no gradation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Attributive | -at | |
| Nominative | -at | |
| Genitive | -aga | |
| Attributive | -at | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | -at | -agat |
| Accusative | -aga | -agiid |
| Genitive | -aga | -agiid |
| Illative | -agii | -agiidda |
| Locative | -agis | -agiin |
| Comitative | -agiin | -agiiguin |
| Essive | -agin | |
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Samic *-ëtē, from Proto-Uralic *-eta. Related to Finnish -ea/-eä.
SuffixEdit
-at
- Forms adjectives from stems, without any particular meaning. Often, the more basic stem is an adverb, the adjective's own attributive form, or has fallen out of use altogether.
Usage notesEdit
- This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
InflectionEdit
| Odd, no gradation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Attributive | — | |
| Nominative | -at | |
| Genitive | -ada | |
| Attributive | — | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | -at | -adat |
| Accusative | -ada | -adiid |
| Genitive | -ada | -adiid |
| Illative | -adii | -adiidda |
| Locative | -adis | -adiin |
| Comitative | -adiin | -adiiguin |
| Essive | -adin | |
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
SuffixEdit
-at
- Form of the suffix-a used with odd-syllable stems.
InflectionEdit
| Even a-stem, hk-g gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -at | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | -aga | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Nominative | -at | -agat | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | -aga | -agaid | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | -aga | -agaid | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Illative | -ahkii | -agaide | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Locative | -agas | -again | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Comitative | -again | -agaiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Essive | -ahkan | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
SuffixEdit
-at n
- used to form nouns
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
SuffixEdit
-at n
- used to form nouns
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “-at” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old NorseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
SuffixEdit
-at
- indicates negation; does not
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- at in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.
PhaluraEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-at
- Second person plural suffix
Alternative formsEdit
- -íit (With e-ending verb stems)
- -óot (With a-ending verb stems)
- -et (Biori)
- -éet (With e-ending verb stems in Biori)
- -áat (With a-ending verb stems in Biori)
ReferencesEdit
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-at m
DeclensionEdit
Inanimate declension:
Declension of -at
Animate declension:
Declension of -at
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-at m or n (feminine singular -ată, masculine plural -ați, feminine and neuter plural -ate)
- Used with a stem to form the masculine singular past participle of regular-a (first conjugation) verbs.
DeclensionEdit
Declension of -at
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From German -at, first from direct loanwords, and later becoming productive on its own.
SuffixEdit
-at (Cyrillic spelling -ат)
- Used on nominal and verbal stems of loanwords, rarely of native words, to build nouns of various meanings.
- Denoting a person.
- Denoting a room, building or field.
- Denoting an honor or service.
- Denoting collectivity.
- Denoting things.
- bikarbóna → bikarbònāt
- jod → jòdāt
- separirati → sepàrāt
- Denoting abstract notions.
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Stjepan Babić (2002), Tvorba riječi u hrvatskome književnome jeziku, 3rd revised edition, HAZU: Zagreb, page 358
VolapükEdit
SuffixEdit
-at
- Used to indicate an amount