Albanian

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Etymology

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Seen in toponyms such as Qesarat, Kastrat, Dukat, Progonat Bushat.[1] The [-t] as [-s] as both from similar Proto-Albanian *tāi and Proto-Albanian *tjā. Toponym is considered a preservation of Illyrian *-atāi, attested in [Labeatai], [Docleatae], [Autoriatae], [Delmatae].[2] See -të

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-at m (-at m)

  1. used to form toponyms. -ian

References

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  1. ^ Dhrimo, Ali. Për Shqipen dhe shqiptarët. 2008
  2. ^ Kulla, Ariola (2010) The Albanian Linguistic Journey from Ancient Illyricum to EU: Lexical Borrowings[1], Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, page 21

Catalan

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin -ātus.

Suffix

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-at (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)

  1. forms the masculine singular past participle of verbs whose infinitives end in -ar
    parlar (to speak) + ‎-at → ‎parlat (spoken)

Suffix

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-at (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)

  1. forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “which contains the suffixed noun”
    piga (freckle) + ‎-at → ‎pigat (freckled)

Suffix

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-at m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ats)

  1. forms nouns, from the names of types of professionals, meaning the position of being that type of professional; -dom
    almirall (admiral) + ‎-at → ‎almirallat (admiralty)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Czech

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Suffix

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-at

  1. a common ending for many infinitive verbs

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • -at in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

French

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate, and the inherited French doublet .[1]

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-at m (plural -ats)

  1. denotes an action or a result of an action
    assassiner (to assassinate) + ‎-at → ‎assassinat (assassination)

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ é-; in: Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert

German

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Suffix

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-at n

  1. -ate

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Russian: -ат (-at)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic script: -ат
    • Latin script: -at
  • Ukrainian: -ат (-at)

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From -a- (linking vowel) +‎ -t (causative suffix).

Suffix

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-at

  1. (causative suffix) Added to a back-vowel verb (or extremely rarely to a noun) to form a verb with a meaning of let or make somebody do something.
    Synonyms: -tat/-tet, -aszt/-eszt/-öszt, -jt/-ajt/-ejt, -ít, -dít, (obsolete in this sense) -t
    zár (to close) + ‎-at → ‎zárat (to make someone close something or to have something closed)
Usage notes
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  • (causative suffix) Variants:
    -at is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
    vár (to wait) + ‎-at → ‎várat (to have someone wait)
    -et is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
    kér (to ask for) + ‎-et → ‎kéret (to have someone ask(ed) for; to summon someone [by ordering a servant to fetch him/her])
    -tat is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
    tisztít (to clean) + ‎-tat → ‎tisztíttat (to have someone clean or to have something cleaned)
    -tet is added to front-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
    keres (to look for) + ‎-tet → ‎kerestet (to have someone look(ed) for)
Derived terms
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Further reading
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  • Műveltető (faktitív) “Factitive” in Kiefer, Ferenc (ed.). Strukturális magyar nyelvtan 3. Morfológia (“A structural grammar of Hungarian, Vol. 3. Morphology”), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2000.

Etymology 2

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From -a- (linking vowel) +‎ -t (noun-forming suffix).

Suffix

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-at

  1. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun, expressing the result of the action or sometimes a more abstract relation (compare -ás/-és).
    Synonym: -mány/-mény
Usage notes
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  • (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
    -at is added to back-vowel verbs
    gondol (to think) + ‎-at → ‎gondolat (a thought, an idea)
    mond (to say) + ‎-at → ‎mondat (sentence)
    -et is added to front-vowel verbs
    dicsér (to praise) + ‎-et → ‎dicséret (praise, commendation)
    él (to live) + ‎-et → ‎élet (life)
    ítél (to judge) + ‎-et → ‎ítélet (judgment)
    mér (to measure) + ‎-et → ‎méret (measurement, size)
Derived terms
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Other terms

Etymology 3

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Pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (cf. postpositions)
ed suffix who? what? this that he/she
(it)*
case v. pr. c.
nom. ki mi ez az ő* / -∅
az / -∅
acc. -t / -ot /
-at / -et / -öt
kit mit ezt azt őt* / -∅
azt / -∅
c1
c2
dat. -nak / -nek kinek minek ennek annak neki neki- c
ins. -val / -vel kivel mivel ezzel/
evvel
azzal/
avval
vele c
c-f. -ért kiért miért ezért azért érte c
tra. -vá / -vé kivé mivé ezzé azzá c
ter. -ig meddig eddig addig c
e-f. -ként (kiként) (miként) ekként akként c
e-m. -ul / -ül c
ine. -ban / -ben kiben miben ebben abban benne c
sup. -n/-on/-en/-ön kin min ezen azon rajta (rajta-) c
ade. -nál / -nél kinél minél ennél annál nála c
ill. -ba / -be kibe mibe ebbe abba bele bele- c
sub. -ra / -re kire mire erre arra rá- c
all. -hoz/-hez/-höz kihez mihez ehhez ahhoz hozzá hozzá- c
el. -ból / -ből kiből miből ebből abból belőle c
del. -ról / -ről kiről miről erről arról róla c
abl. -tól / -től kitől mitől ettől attól tőle c
*: Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be
construed likewise. – Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All »

From -a- (linking vowel) +‎ -t (accusative suffix).

Suffix

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-at (accusative case suffix)

  1. Forms the accusative case for a certain group of back-vowel nouns and numerals, back-vowel past participles, most back-vowel adjectives, and all back-vowel forms following any other inflectional suffix(es).
    ház (house)Vettem egy házat.I bought a house.
    okos (smart, clever)okosat (smart, clever [acc.])
    hány? (how many)hányat? (how many [acc.])
    három (three)hármat (three [acc.])
    ablakok (windows)ablakokat (windows [acc.])
    asztalom (my desk/table)asztalomat (my desk/table [acc.])
    nagyobb (bigger)nagyobbat (a/the bigger one [acc.])
    nyitott (opened)nyitottat (the opened one [acc.])
Usage notes
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  • (accusative case suffix): It can be added to nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. Whether a suffix-initial vowel (linking vowel) will be used is hard to predict and thus needs to be learned with each word. A rule of thumb, however, is that older and shorter words tend to incorporate a vowel, rather than simply use -t. Variants:
    -t is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final -o in foreign words changes to -ó-.
    -ot is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -at is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -et is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -öt is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -∅ (zero form), optionally, after possessive suffixes, especially in the singular but sometimes also in the plural (and not infrequently after multiple-possession forms as well), except for the third-person singular (“his/her/its”, -ja/-je) as its omission would not reduce the number of syllables.
    Elviszem a kabátom(at/), kabátod(at/); kabátunk(at/∅), kabátotok(at/∅), kabátjuk(at/∅); kabátjaim(at/∅) etc.
    I’ll take my coat, your coat; our coat, [plural] your coat, their coat; my coats etc.
    It is also omitted usually from the accusative forms of first- and second-person singular personal pronouns (engem, téged (me, you)).

Etymology 4

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From -atik (passive-forming suffix), removing the ending.

Suffix

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-at

  1. Combining form of -atik (passive-forming suffix) before all inflectional and derivational suffixes, except the dictionary form itself, the indefinite third-person singular present indicative
    elnyomatik (to be suppressed)elnyomatás (suppression, being suppressed).
Usage notes
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(combining forms of the passive-forming suffix) Variants: -at-, -et-, -tat-, -tet- (from -atik, -etik, -tatik, -tetik), as well as the tautological (doubly suffixed) forms -attat-, -ettet- (from -attatik, -ettetik). See more in the template of the full forms of this suffix.

See also

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Latin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Italic *-āt, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-at

  1. third-person singular present active indicative of (first conjugation)

Descendants

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  • Old Galician-Portuguese: -a
    • Galician: -a
    • Portuguese: -a
  • Spanish: -a

Suffix

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-āt

  1. (poetic, syncopated, rare) third-person singular perfect active indicative of (first conjugation; verbs with the perfect infix -av-)

Descendants

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  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Old French: -a
      • French: -a

Malay

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic ات.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [-at]
  • Hyphenation: -at

Suffix

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-at

  1. Suffix used to derive the plural and feminine form of certain nouns derived from Arabic.
    Muslim (a Muslim) + ‎-at → ‎Muslimat (feminine plural of Muslim)

Usage notes

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Derived terms

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Maltese

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-at

  1. Alternative form of -iet (noun plural suffix)

Usage notes

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  • Regularly used after . Otherwise only in exceptional forms, though somewhat commonly after ħ and q.

Northern Sami

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Pronunciation

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  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈ-ah(t)/

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Samic *-ëŋkë.

Suffix

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-at

  1. Forms adjectives indicating something that is possessed as a characteristic.
    guhkes juolgi (long leg) + ‎-at → ‎guhkesjuolggat (long-legged)
Usage notes
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  • This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection
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Odd, no gradation
Attributive -at
Nominative -at
Genitive -aga
Attributive -at
Singular Plural
Nominative -at -agat
Accusative -aga -agiid
Genitive -aga -agiid
Illative -agii -agiidda
Locative -agis -agiin
Comitative -agiin -agiiguin
Essive -agin
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Samic *-ëtē, from Proto-Uralic *-eta. Related to Finnish -ea/-eä.

Suffix

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-at

  1. Forms adjectives from stems, without any particular meaning. Often, the more basic stem is an adverb, the adjective's own attributive form, or has fallen out of use altogether.
Usage notes
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  • This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection
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Odd, no gradation
Attributive
Nominative -at
Genitive -ada
Attributive
Singular Plural
Nominative -at -adat
Accusative -ada -adiid
Genitive -ada -adiid
Illative -adii -adiidda
Locative -adis -adiin
Comitative -adiin -adiiguin
Essive -adin
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Suffix

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-at

  1. Form of the suffix -a used with odd-syllable stems.
Inflection
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Even a-stem, hk-g gradation
Nominative -at
Genitive -aga
Singular Plural
Nominative -at -agat
Accusative -aga -agaid
Genitive -aga -agaid
Illative -ahkii -agaide
Locative -agas -again
Comitative -again -agaiguin
Essive -ahkan
Possessive forms
Singular Dual Plural
1st person -ahkan -ahkame -ahkamet
2nd person -ahkat -ahkade -ahkadet
3rd person -ahkas -ahkaska -ahkaset

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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From Latin -ātus.

Suffix

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-at n

  1. used to form nouns

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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From Latin -atus.

Suffix

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-at n

  1. used to form nouns

Derived terms

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References

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Old Norse

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Alternative forms

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  • -a, -t (after vowels)

Etymology

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Possibly from Proto-Germanic *aiwwihtiz, whence Old English āwiht (anything, something; at all). The prototype of ek veit-at 'I don't know' would then be Proto-Norse *ek ne wait aiwwihti 'I know not at all', after which *aiwwihti was reduced to -at and ne eventually dropped in a process identical to the origin of French pas (not). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

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-at

  1. negative verbal suffix; does not
    Synonyms: eigi,
    hann veitat
    he knows not

Derived terms

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References

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  • at in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Phalura

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-at

  1. Second person plural suffix

Alternative forms

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  • -íit (With e-ending verb stems)
  • -óot (With a-ending verb stems)
  • -et (Biori)
  • -éet (With e-ending verb stems in Biori)
  • -áat (With a-ending verb stems in Biori)

References

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  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “-at”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈat/
  • Rhymes: -at
  • Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

Suffix

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-at m

  1. forms masculine nouns; -ate, -age
    anonim + ‎-at → ‎anonimat

Declension

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Inanimate declension:

Animate declension:

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • -at in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-at m or n (feminine singular -ată, masculine plural -ați, feminine and neuter plural -ate)

  1. Used with a stem to form the masculine singular past participle of regular -a (first conjugation) verbs.
    arunca (to throw) + ‎-at → ‎aruncat (thrown)
    cânta (to sing) + ‎-at → ‎cântat (sung)

Declension

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Derived terms

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Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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From German -at, first from direct loanwords, and later becoming productive on its own.

Suffix

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-at (Cyrillic spelling -ат)

  1. Used on nominal and verbal stems of loanwords, rarely of native words, to build nouns of various meanings.
    1. Denoting a person.
      adrèsaadrèsāt
      ȗnijaunìjat
      ȂzijaAzìjat
      MìjaMìjat
      delegácijadelègāt
      kandidíratikandìdāt
    2. Denoting a room, building or field.
      dèkāndekànāt
      ekònomekonòmāt
      kàlīfkalìfāt
      konzulkonzùlāt
      màršālmaršalat
      pròtektorprotektòrāt
      rȅktorrektòrāt
    3. Denoting an honor or service.
      dȍktordoktòrāt
      đȁkonđakònāt
      lȅktorlektòrāt
      pàtrōnpatrònāt
      nàdbiskupnadbiskùpāt
    4. Denoting collectivity.
      èpiskopepiskòpāt
      làiklaìkāt
      pàtrīcījpatricìjāt
    5. Denoting things.
      bikarbónabikarbònāt
      jodjòdāt
      separiratisepàrāt
    6. Denoting abstract notions.
      citíraticìtāt
      diktíratidìktāt
      hìstōrijahistorìjāt

Derived terms

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References

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  • Babić, Stjepan (2002), Tvorba riječi u hrvatskome književnome jeziku, 3rd revised edition, Zagreb: HAZU, page(s) 358

Turkish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـات, borrowed from Arabic ـَات (-āt).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-at (no longer productive)

  1. Forms plurals from words of Arabic origin.
    gidiş (way of going) + ‎-at → ‎gidişat (the way things go)
    hayvan (animal) + ‎-at → ‎hayvanat (animals)
  2. Forms collective nouns.
    mühimme (important) + ‎-at → ‎mühimmat (ammunition)
    hasıl (produce, profit) + ‎-at → ‎hasılat (income)
    müfret (singular) + ‎-at → ‎müfredat (curriculum)
    er (soldier) + ‎-at → ‎erat (soldiers (collective))
  3. Forms nouns referring to fields of knowledge or practice.
    lisani (linguistic) + ‎-at → ‎lisaniyat (linguistics)
    Türki (Turkic) + ‎-at → ‎Türkiyat (Turkology)

References

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Volapük

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Suffix

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-at

  1. Used to indicate an amount

Derived terms

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