-at
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
Seen in toponyms such as Qesarat, Kastrat, Dukat, Progonat Bushat.[1] The [-t] as [-s] as both from similar Proto-Albanian *tāi and Proto-Albanian *tjā. Toponym is considered a preservation of Illyrian *-atāi, attested in [Labeatai], [Docleatae], [Autoriatae], [Delmatae].[2] See -të
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-at m (-at m)
- used to form toponyms. -ian
References edit
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Suffix edit
-at (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)
- forms the masculine singular past participle of verbs whose infinitives end in -ar
Suffix edit
-at (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)
- forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “which contains the suffixed noun”
Suffix edit
-at m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ats)
- forms nouns, from the names of types of professionals, meaning the position of being that type of professional; -dom
- almirall (“admiral”) + -at → almirallat (“admiralty”)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “-at”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “-at” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Czech edit
Suffix edit
-at
- a common ending for many infinitive verbs
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- -at in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
French edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate, and the inherited French doublet -é.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-at m (plural -ats)
- denotes an action or a result of an action
- assassiner (“to assassinate”) + -at → assassinat (“assassination”)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ é-; in: Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert
German edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Suffix edit
-at n
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From -a- (linking vowel) + -t (causative suffix).
Suffix edit
-at
- (causative suffix) Added to a back-vowel verb (or extremely rarely to a noun) to form a verb with a meaning of let or make somebody do something.
Usage notes edit
- (causative suffix) Variants:
- -at is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
- -et is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
- -tat is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
- tisztít (“to clean”) + -tat → tisztíttat (“to have someone clean or to have something cleaned”)
- -tet is added to front-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- Műveltető (faktitív) “Factitive” in Kiefer, Ferenc (ed.). Strukturális magyar nyelvtan 3. Morfológia (“A structural grammar of Hungarian, Vol. 3. Morphology”), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2000.
Etymology 2 edit
From -a- (linking vowel) + -t (noun-forming suffix).
Suffix edit
-at
- (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun, expressing the result of the action or sometimes a more abstract relation (compare -ás/-és).
Usage notes edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
From -a- (linking vowel) + -t (accusative suffix).
Suffix edit
-at (accusative case suffix)
- Forms the accusative case for a certain group of back-vowel nouns and numerals, back-vowel past participles, most back-vowel adjectives, and all back-vowel forms following any other inflectional suffix(es).
- ház (“house”) → Vettem egy házat. ― I bought a house.
- okos (“smart, clever”) → okosat (“smart, clever [acc.]”)
- hány? (“how many”) → hányat? (“how many [acc.]”)
- három (“three”) → hármat (“three [acc.]”)
- ablakok (“windows”) → ablakokat (“windows [acc.]”)
- asztalom (“my desk/table”) → asztalomat (“my desk/table [acc.]”)
- nagyobb (“bigger”) → nagyobbat (“a/the bigger one [acc.]”)
- nyitott (“opened”) → nyitottat (“the opened one [acc.]”)
Usage notes edit
- (accusative case suffix): It can be added to nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. Whether a suffix-initial vowel (linking vowel) will be used is hard to predict and thus needs to be learned with each word. A rule of thumb, however, is that older and shorter words tend to incorporate a vowel, rather than simply use -t. Variants:
- -t is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final -o in foreign words changes to -ó-.
- -ot is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -at is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -et is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öt is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -∅ (zero form), optionally, after possessive suffixes, especially in the singular but sometimes also in the plural (and not infrequently after multiple-possession forms as well), except for the third-person singular (“his/her/its”, -ja/-je) as its omission would not reduce the number of syllables.
- Elviszem a kabátom(at/∅), kabátod(at/∅); kabátunk(at/∅), kabátotok(at/∅), kabátjuk(at/∅); kabátjaim(at/∅) etc.
- I’ll take my coat, your coat; our coat, [plural] your coat, their coat; my coats etc.
- It is also omitted usually from the accusative forms of first- and second-person singular personal pronouns (engem, téged (“me, you”)).
Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
---|---|---|---|
unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
nominative | — | ||
accusative | -t | ||
-ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
dative | -nak | -nek | |
instrumental | -val | -vel | |
causal-final | -ért | ||
translative | -vá | -vé | |
terminative | -ig | ||
essive-formal | -ként | ||
essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
inessive | -ban | -ben | |
superessive | -n | ||
-on | -en | -ön | |
adessive | -nál | -nél | |
illative | -ba | -be | |
sublative | -ra | -re | |
allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
elative | -ból | -ből | |
delative | -ról | -ről | |
ablative | -tól | -től | |
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként |
Etymology 4 edit
From -atik (passive-forming suffix), removing the ending.
Suffix edit
-at
- Combining form of -atik (passive-forming suffix) before all inflectional and derivational suffixes, except the dictionary form itself, the indefinite third-person singular present indicative
- elnyomatik (“to be suppressed”) → elnyomatás (“suppression”, being suppressed).
Usage notes edit
(combining forms of the passive-forming suffix) Variants: -at-, -et-, -tat-, -tet- (from -atik, -etik, -tatik, -tetik), as well as the tautological (doubly suffixed) forms -attat-, -ettet- (from -attatik, -ettetik). See more in the template of the full forms of this suffix.
See also edit
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *-āt, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-at
- third-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)
Descendants edit
Suffix edit
-āt
- (poetic, syncopated, rare) third-person singular perfect active indicative of -ō (first conjugation; verbs with the perfect infix -av-)
Descendants edit
Maltese edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-at
- Alternative form of -iet (noun plural suffix)
Usage notes edit
Northern Sami edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Samic *-ëŋkë.
Suffix edit
-at
- Forms adjectives indicating something that is possessed as a characteristic.
- guhkes juolgi (“long leg”) + -at → guhkesjuolggat (“long-legged”)
Usage notes edit
- This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection edit
Odd, no gradation | ||
---|---|---|
Attributive | -at | |
Nominative | -at | |
Genitive | -aga | |
Attributive | -at | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | -at | -agat |
Accusative | -aga | -agiid |
Genitive | -aga | -agiid |
Illative | -agii | -agiidda |
Locative | -agis | -agiin |
Comitative | -agiin | -agiiguin |
Essive | -agin |
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Samic *-ëtē, from Proto-Uralic *-eta. Related to Finnish -ea/-eä.
Suffix edit
-at
- Forms adjectives from stems, without any particular meaning. Often, the more basic stem is an adverb, the adjective's own attributive form, or has fallen out of use altogether.
Usage notes edit
- This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection edit
Odd, no gradation | ||
---|---|---|
Attributive | — | |
Nominative | -at | |
Genitive | -ada | |
Attributive | — | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | -at | -adat |
Accusative | -ada | -adiid |
Genitive | -ada | -adiid |
Illative | -adii | -adiidda |
Locative | -adis | -adiin |
Comitative | -adiin | -adiiguin |
Essive | -adin |
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Suffix edit
-at
- Form of the suffix -a used with odd-syllable stems.
Inflection edit
Even a-stem, hk-g gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -at | |||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -aga | |||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | -at | -agat | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | -aga | -agaid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -aga | -agaid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illative | -ahkii | -agaide | ||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | -agas | -again | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comitative | -again | -agaiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Essive | -ahkan | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
Suffix edit
-at n
- used to form nouns
Derived terms edit
References edit
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
Suffix edit
-at n
- used to form nouns
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “-at” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Possibly from Proto-Germanic *aiwwihtiz, whence Old English āwiht (“anything, something; at all”). The prototype of ek veit-at 'I don't know' would then be Proto-Norse *ek ne wait aiwwihti 'I know not at all', after which *aiwwihti was reduced to -at and ne eventually dropped in a process identical to the origin of French pas (“not”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix edit
-at
Derived terms edit
References edit
- at in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.
Phalura edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-at
- Second person plural suffix
Alternative forms edit
- -íit (With e-ending verb stems)
- -óot (With a-ending verb stems)
- -et (Biori)
- -éet (With e-ending verb stems in Biori)
- -áat (With a-ending verb stems in Biori)
References edit
Polish edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-at m
Declension edit
Inanimate declension:
Animate declension:
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- -at in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-at m or n (feminine singular -ată, masculine plural -ați, feminine and neuter plural -ate)
- Used with a stem to form the masculine singular past participle of regular -a (first conjugation) verbs.
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
From German -at, first from direct loanwords, and later becoming productive on its own.
Suffix edit
-at (Cyrillic spelling -ат)
- Used on nominal and verbal stems of loanwords, rarely of native words, to build nouns of various meanings.
- Denoting a person.
- Denoting a room, building or field.
- Denoting an honor or service.
- Denoting collectivity.
- Denoting things.
- bikarbóna → bikarbònāt
- jod → jòdāt
- separirati → sepàrāt
- Denoting abstract notions.
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Babić, Stjepan (2002), Tvorba riječi u hrvatskome književnome jeziku, 3rd revised edition, Zagreb: HAZU, page(s) 358
Volapük edit
Suffix edit
-at
- Used to indicate an amount