pro-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pro"

Translingual

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

pro-

1. similar to

Derived terms

Translingual terms prefixed with pro-

English

Alternative forms

• ꝓ- (abbreviation, obsolete)

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /pɹəʊ/
• (US) IPA^(key): /pɹoʊ/
• Rhymes: -əʊ

Etymology 1

From Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”).

Prefix

pro-

2. agreeing with; supporting; favouring
   • 2020 September 6, “Hong Kong police arrest 289 at protests over election delay”, in The Washington Post, Associated Press‎^[1], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-19, Asia & Pacific‎^[2]:

     Police said that 289 people had been arrested, mostly for unlawful assembly. One woman was arrested in the Kowloon district of Yau Ma Tei on charges of assault and spreading pro-independence slogans, the police department said on its Facebook page. It said such slogans are illegal under a newly enacted national security law.

4. substituting for

Translations

prefix meaning supporting or favouring

• French: pro- (fr)
• Georgian: პრო- (ṗro-)
• Hebrew: פְּרוֹ־ (he) (p'ro-)
• Malay: pro- (ms)
• Maori: pūaroha
• Polish: pro- (pl)
• Russian: про- (ru) (pro-)

Etymology 2

From Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”).

Prefix

pro-

2. forward movement
   • progress compared to regress

Etymology 3

From Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”).

Prefix

pro-

2. earlier; prior
4. rudimentary
6. in front of

Derived terms

English terms prefixed with pro-

Translations

prefix

• Czech: před-
• Irish: ur-
• Polish: przed- (pl)

Antonyms

• ante-, anti-
• counter-
• per-
• post-

Further reading

• “pro-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• “pro-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “pro-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN. -- lists many derived terms
• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “pro-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN. -- lists many derived terms

Anagrams

• OPr., POR, ROP, RPO

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pro ]

Prefix

pro-

1. through
2. forms a perfective verb and makes the verb transitive, the direct object is related to money or time

   ‎pro- + ‎pít (“to drink”) → ‎propít (“to spend sth on drinking”)

   ‎pro- + ‎bulet → ‎probulet

   ‎pro- + ‎podnikat → ‎propodnikat

   ‎pro- + ‎večírkovat → ‎provečírkovat

3. (pro- + imperfective base + se) + direction forms a perfective verb and changes the sense of motion from literal to fictive

   ‎pro- + ‎zdravit → ‎prozdravit se

   ‎pro- + ‎rvát → ‎prorvat se

   ‎pro- + ‎kouřit → ‎prokouřit se

   ‎pro- + ‎žvanit → ‎prožvanit se

Derived terms

Czech terms prefixed with pro-

See also

• prů-

Further reading

• pro-/prů- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

French

Prefix

pro-

1. pro-

Derived terms

French terms prefixed with pro-

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin prō (“in front of”).

Prefix

pro-

1. pro-

Derived terms

Italian terms prefixed with pro-

Latin

Alternative forms

• prōd- (prevocalic)
• por- (pre-Classical)
• ꝓ- (abbreviation, Medieval Latin)

Etymology

Combining form of prō (preposition).

Pronunciation

pro-

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /pro/, [prɔ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /pro/, [pro]

prō-

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /proː/, [proː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /pro/, [prɔː]

Prefix

prō- or pro-

1. forward direction, forward movement

   prō- + clīvus + -is → prōclīvis

   ‎prōd- + ‎eō → ‎prōdeō

   ‎prō- + ‎gradior → ‎prōgredior

   1. downward and forward movement

      prō- + flīgō + -ō → prōflīgō

      ‎prō- + ‎terō → ‎prōterō

2. action directed forward or in front

   ‎prō- + ‎pugnō → ‎prōpugnō

   ‎prō- + ‎tegō → ‎prōtegō

3. prominence

   ‎prō- + ‎*mineō → ‎prōmineō

   ‎prō- + ‎pendeō → ‎prōpendeō

4. (prefixed to verbs of utterance) in place of, on behalf of

   ‎prō- + ‎clāmō → ‎prōclāmō

   ‎prō- + ‎loquor → ‎prōloquor

5. bringing into being, forth, or into the open

   ‎prō- + ‎creō → ‎prōcreō

   ‎prō- + ‎gignō → ‎prōgignō

   ‎prō- + ‎*olēs → ‎prōlēs

   ‎prō- + ‎emō → ‎prōmō

6. (temporally) prior, fore-

   ‎pro- + ‎avus → ‎proavus

   ‎prō- + ‎rogō → ‎prōrogō

   ‎prō- + ‎videō → ‎prōvideō

7. advantage

   ‎prō- + ‎cūrō → ‎prōcūrō

   ‎prō- + ‎faciō → ‎prōficiō

   ‎prō(d)- + ‎sum → ‎prōsum

Derived terms

Latin terms prefixed with pro-

References

• “pro-” on page 1,463/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

Polish

Etymology

From Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /prɔ/

• Audio

  (file)

Prefix

pro-

1. pro-

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with pro-

Further reading

• pro- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pro-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /prɔ-/

Prefix

pro-

1. Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
   1. moving through

      ‎pro- + ‎sẹ́vati (“to radiate”) → ‎prosẹ́vati (“to shine through”)

Derived terms

Category Slovene terms prefixed with pro- not found

Spanish

Prefix

pro-

1. pro-

Derived terms

Spanish terms prefixed with pro-

Further reading

• “pro-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014