راج

See also: راح and زاح

Arabic

Etymology

Root
ر و ج (r-w-j)

Back-formation from رَوَاج (rawāj).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /raː.d͡ʒa/

Verb

رَاجَ • (rāja) I, non-past يَرُوجُ‎ (yarūju)

1. to have currency, to circulate, to sell well, to be in demand, to burgeon, to be buoyant

Conjugation

Conjugation of

رَاجَ

(form-I hollow, verbal noun رَوَاج)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						رَوَاج rawāj
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						رَائِج rāʔij
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رُجْتُ rujtu	رُجْتَ rujta	رَاجَ rāja		رُجْتُمَا rujtumā	رَاجَا rājā		رُجْنَا rujnā	رُجْتُمْ rujtum	رَاجُوا rājū
	f		رُجْتِ rujti	رَاجَتْ rājat			رَاجَتَا rājatā			رُجْتُنَّ rujtunna	رُجْنَ rujna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَرُوجُ ʔarūju	تَرُوجُ tarūju	يَرُوجُ yarūju		تَرُوجَانِ tarūjāni	يَرُوجَانِ yarūjāni		نَرُوجُ narūju	تَرُوجُونَ tarūjūna	يَرُوجُونَ yarūjūna
	f		تَرُوجِينَ tarūjīna	تَرُوجُ tarūju			تَرُوجَانِ tarūjāni			تَرُجْنَ tarujna	يَرُجْنَ yarujna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَرُوجَ ʔarūja	تَرُوجَ tarūja	يَرُوجَ yarūja		تَرُوجَا tarūjā	يَرُوجَا yarūjā		نَرُوجَ narūja	تَرُوجُوا tarūjū	يَرُوجُوا yarūjū
	f		تَرُوجِي tarūjī	تَرُوجَ tarūja			تَرُوجَا tarūjā			تَرُجْنَ tarujna	يَرُجْنَ yarujna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَرُجْ ʔaruj	تَرُجْ taruj	يَرُجْ yaruj		تَرُوجَا tarūjā	يَرُوجَا yarūjā		نَرُجْ naruj	تَرُوجُوا tarūjū	يَرُوجُوا yarūjū
	f		تَرُوجِي tarūjī	تَرُجْ taruj			تَرُوجَا tarūjā			تَرُجْنَ tarujna	يَرُجْنَ yarujna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		رُجْ ruj			رُوجَا rūjā				رُوجُوا rūjū
	f		رُوجِي rūjī							رُجْنَ rujna

Malay

Alternative forms

• raja

Etymology

From Sanskrit राजन् (rājan), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-.

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /rad͡ʒə/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /rad͡ʒa/
• Rhymes: -ad͡ʒə, -d͡ʒə, -ə

Noun

راج (Rumi spelling raja, plural راج٢)

1. king (a male of a royal family who is the supreme ruler of his nation)
2. (chess) king (a playing piece in chess)

Synonyms

• datu / داتو

See also

Chess pieces in Malay · buah catur بواه چاتور (layout · text)
raja, syah راج, شاه	menteri منتري	tir, benteng تير, بينتيڠ	gajah, ݢاجه	kuda, کودا	bidak, piadak, pion بيدق, ڤيادق, ڤيون

Persian

Alternative forms

• رهاج (rahâj)

Etymology

Probably from Ancient Greek ῥάξ (rháx).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɾɑːd͡ʒ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rɑːd͡ʒ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rɑːd͡ʒ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [rɑːd͡ʒ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [rɔːd͡ʒ̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹɒːd͡ʒ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾɔd͡ʒ]

Readings
Classical reading?	rāj
Dari reading?	rāj
Iranian reading?	râj
Tajik reading?	roj

Noun

راج • (râj)

1. holly

Punjabi

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀭𑀚𑁆𑀚 (rajja), from Sanskrit राज्य (rājya, “royalty, kingdom, realm”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /ɾäːd͡ʒᵊ/

Noun

راج • (rāj) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਰਾਜ)

1. rule; government; sovereignty
2. ruler; monarch; monarchy
3. kingdom; empire; state
4. rule; reign (ie. time of reign)

Declension

Declension of راج
dir. sg.	راج (rāj)
dir. pl.	راج (rāj)
	singular	plural
direct	راج (rāj)	راج (rāj)
oblique	راج (rāj)	راجاں (rājāṉ)
vocative	راجا (rājā)	راجو (rājo)
ablative	راجوں (rājoṉ)	—
locative	راجے (rāje)	راجِیں (rājīṉ)
instrumental	راجے (rāje)	راجِیں (rājīṉ)

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “راج”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
• “ਰਾਜ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “rājyá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 619

Urdu

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɾɑːd͡ʒ/
• Rhymes: -ɑːdʒ

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit राज्य (rājya, “royalty, kingdom, realm”).

Noun

راج • (rāj) m (Hindi spelling राज)

1. royalty, kingship
2. reign, rule

   ہندستان میں برطانوی راج ― Hindustān mẽ Bartānvī rāj ― British rule in Hindustan/India

3. kingdom, empire, state
4. monarchy, sovereignty
5. government, administration

Synonyms

• بادشاہت (bādśāhat)
• شاہی (śāhī)
• بادشاہی (bādśāhī)
• سلطنت (saltanat)
• مملکت (mumlikat)

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, sovereign, prince”).

Noun

راج • (rāj) m (Hindi spelling राज)

1. mason
2. builder

Prefix

راجـ • (rāj-) (Hindi spelling -राज)

1. A prefix which forms a large number of compound words and carries an adjectival meaning of the king or of the state (e.g., راجکر (rāj-kar) royal tribute, tax, راجدوت (rāj-dūt) royal emissary, ambassador, راجبھاشا (rāj-bhāṣā) national language, راجنیتی (rāj-nīti) politics), etc.

Derived terms

Urdu terms prefixed with راجـ

Suffix

ـراج • (-rāj) (Hindi spelling राज-)

1. A suffix which forms compound words and carries the meaning king or chief (e.g., مہاراج (mahā-rāj) great king, maharaja).

Related terms

• راجا (rājā)