زوج

See also: روح‎, روج‎, and روچ‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From Aramaic זוגא‎ (zawgā, “yoke, pair”), from Ancient Greek ζεῦγος (zeûgos, “yoke”) which was used in Greek for the yoke of marriage – now it forms a root ز و ج‎ (z-w-j).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zawd͡ʒ/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

زَوْج • (zawj) m (plural أَزْوَاج‎ (ʾazwāj))

1. one of a pair
2. spouse, mate, partner
   1. husband

      Synonym: بَعْل‎ (baʿl)

      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 58:1:

        ‏قَدْ سَمِعَ ٱللَّٰهُ قَوْلَ ٱلَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى ٱللَّٰهِ وَٱللَّٰهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا إِنَّ ٱللَّٰهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ‎

        qad samiʿa llāhu qawla llatī tujādiluka fī zawjihā wataštakī ʾilā llāhi wal-lāhu yasmaʿu taḥāwurakumā ʾinna llāha samīʿun baṣīrun

        God has certainly heard the speech of her who pleads with you about her husband and complains to God. God hears the conversation between the two of you.

   2. (feminine) wife
      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 20:117:

        ‏فَقُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ إِنَّ هَٰذَا عَدُوٌّ لَّكَ وَلِزَوْجِكَ فَلَا يُخْرِجَنَّكُمَا مِنَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ فَتَشْقَىٰ‎

        faqulnā yā ʾādamu ʾinna hāḏā ʿaduwwun llaka walizawjika falā yuḵrijannakumā mina l-jannati fatašqā

        We said, “O Adam! This is indeed an enemy of yours and your mate’s. So do not let him expel you from paradise, or you will be miserable.”

      Synonyms: زَوْجَة‎ (zawja), اِمْرَأَة‎ (imraʾa), قَرِينَة‎ (qarīna)

3. (often in the dual) a pair or couple

   ‏هُمَا زَوْجَانِ‎‎

   humā zawjāni

   They two are a pair or couple.

4. (now rare) kind, type
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 56:4-10:

     ‏إِذَا رُجَّتِ الْأَرْضُ رَجًّا وَبُسَّتِ الْجِبَالُ بَسًّا فَكَانَتْ هَبَاءً مُّنْبَثًّا وَكُنتُمْ أَزْوَاجًا ثَلَاثَةً فَأَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ وَأَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ وَالسَّابِقُونَ السَّابِقُونَ‎

     When the earth is shaken with convulsion / And the mountains are crushed, crumbling / And become dust dispersing / And ye become of three kinds: Then the companions of the right – what are the companions of the right? And the companions of the left – what are the companions of the left? And the forerunners, the forerunners!

Declension

Declension of noun زَوْج (zawj)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَوْج zawj	الزَّوْج‎ az-zawj	زَوْج zawj
Nominative	زَوْجٌ zawjun	الزَّوْجُ‎ az-zawju	زَوْجُ zawju
Accusative	زَوْجًا‎ zawjan	الزَّوْجَ‎ az-zawja	زَوْجَ zawja
Genitive	زَوْجٍ zawjin	الزَّوْجِ‎ az-zawji	زَوْجِ zawji
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَوْجَيْن‎ zawjayn	الزَّوْجَيْن‎ az-zawjayn	زَوْجَيْ‎ zawjay
Nominative	زَوْجَانِ‎ zawjāni	الزَّوْجَانِ‎ az-zawjāni	زَوْجَا‎ zawjā
Accusative	زَوْجَيْنِ‎ zawjayni	الزَّوْجَيْنِ‎ az-zawjayni	زَوْجَيْ‎ zawjay
Genitive	زَوْجَيْنِ‎ zawjayni	الزَّوْجَيْنِ‎ az-zawjayni	زَوْجَيْ‎ zawjay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَزْوَاج‎ ʾazwāj	الْأَزْوَاج‎ al-ʾazwāj	أَزْوَاج‎ ʾazwāj
Nominative	أَزْوَاجٌ‎ ʾazwājun	الْأَزْوَاجُ‎ al-ʾazwāju	أَزْوَاجُ‎ ʾazwāju
Accusative	أَزْوَاجًا‎ ʾazwājan	الْأَزْوَاجَ‎ al-ʾazwāja	أَزْوَاجَ‎ ʾazwāja
Genitive	أَزْوَاجٍ‎ ʾazwājin	الْأَزْوَاجِ‎ al-ʾazwāji	أَزْوَاجِ‎ ʾazwāji

Derived terms

• زَوْجَة‎ (zawja, “wife”)
• زَوْجِيّ‎ (zawjiyy)

Descendants

• Maltese: żewġ
• → Azerbaijani: zövc
• → Ottoman Turkish: زوج‎ (zevc)
  • → Turkish: zevç
• → Persian: زوج‎ (zowj)
• → Uzbek: zavj

Etymology 2

Denominal verb derived from زَوْج‎ (zawj, “pair”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zaw.wa.d͡ʒa/

Verb

زَوَّجَ • (zawwaja) II, non-past يُزَوِّجُ‎‎ (yuzawwiju)

1. (ditransitive) to marry off, to give in marriage
2. to pair, to couple, to join in pairs
3. to double, to geminate

Conjugation

Conjugation of

زَوَّجَ

(form-II sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَزْوِيج‎ tazwīj
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُزَوِّج‎ muzawwij
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُزَوَّج‎ muzawwaj
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	زَوَّجْتُ‎ zawwajtu	زَوَّجْتَ‎ zawwajta	زَوَّجَ zawwaja		زَوَّجْتُمَا‎ zawwajtumā	زَوَّجَا‎ zawwajā		زَوَّجْنَا‎ zawwajnā	زَوَّجْتُمْ‎ zawwajtum	زَوَّجُوا‎ zawwajū
	f		زَوَّجْتِ‎ zawwajti	زَوَّجَتْ‎ zawwajat			زَوَّجَتَا‎ zawwajatā			زَوَّجْتُنَّ‎ zawwajtunna	زَوَّجْنَ‎ zawwajna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُزَوِّجُ‎ ʾuzawwiju	تُزَوِّجُ‎ tuzawwiju	يُزَوِّجُ‎ yuzawwiju		تُزَوِّجَانِ‎ tuzawwijāni	يُزَوِّجَانِ‎ yuzawwijāni		نُزَوِّجُ‎ nuzawwiju	تُزَوِّجُونَ‎ tuzawwijūna	يُزَوِّجُونَ‎ yuzawwijūna
	f		تُزَوِّجِينَ‎ tuzawwijīna	تُزَوِّجُ‎ tuzawwiju			تُزَوِّجَانِ‎ tuzawwijāni			تُزَوِّجْنَ‎ tuzawwijna	يُزَوِّجْنَ‎ yuzawwijna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُزَوِّجَ‎ ʾuzawwija	تُزَوِّجَ‎ tuzawwija	يُزَوِّجَ‎ yuzawwija		تُزَوِّجَا‎ tuzawwijā	يُزَوِّجَا‎ yuzawwijā		نُزَوِّجَ‎ nuzawwija	تُزَوِّجُوا‎ tuzawwijū	يُزَوِّجُوا‎ yuzawwijū
	f		تُزَوِّجِي‎ tuzawwijī	تُزَوِّجَ‎ tuzawwija			تُزَوِّجَا‎ tuzawwijā			تُزَوِّجْنَ‎ tuzawwijna	يُزَوِّجْنَ‎ yuzawwijna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُزَوِّجْ‎ ʾuzawwij	تُزَوِّجْ‎ tuzawwij	يُزَوِّجْ‎ yuzawwij		تُزَوِّجَا‎ tuzawwijā	يُزَوِّجَا‎ yuzawwijā		نُزَوِّجْ‎ nuzawwij	تُزَوِّجُوا‎ tuzawwijū	يُزَوِّجُوا‎ yuzawwijū
	f		تُزَوِّجِي‎ tuzawwijī	تُزَوِّجْ‎ tuzawwij			تُزَوِّجَا‎ tuzawwijā			تُزَوِّجْنَ‎ tuzawwijna	يُزَوِّجْنَ‎ yuzawwijna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		زَوِّجْ zawwij			زَوِّجَا‎ zawwijā				زَوِّجُوا‎ zawwijū
	f		زَوِّجِي‎ zawwijī							زَوِّجْنَ‎ zawwijna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	زُوِّجْتُ‎ zuwwijtu	زُوِّجْتَ‎ zuwwijta	زُوِّجَ zuwwija		زُوِّجْتُمَا‎ zuwwijtumā	زُوِّجَا‎ zuwwijā		زُوِّجْنَا‎ zuwwijnā	زُوِّجْتُمْ‎ zuwwijtum	زُوِّجُوا‎ zuwwijū
	f		زُوِّجْتِ‎ zuwwijti	زُوِّجَتْ‎ zuwwijat			زُوِّجَتَا‎ zuwwijatā			زُوِّجْتُنَّ‎ zuwwijtunna	زُوِّجْنَ‎ zuwwijna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُزَوَّجُ‎ ʾuzawwaju	تُزَوَّجُ‎ tuzawwaju	يُزَوَّجُ‎ yuzawwaju		تُزَوَّجَانِ‎ tuzawwajāni	يُزَوَّجَانِ‎ yuzawwajāni		نُزَوَّجُ‎ nuzawwaju	تُزَوَّجُونَ‎ tuzawwajūna	يُزَوَّجُونَ‎ yuzawwajūna
	f		تُزَوَّجِينَ‎ tuzawwajīna	تُزَوَّجُ‎ tuzawwaju			تُزَوَّجَانِ‎ tuzawwajāni			تُزَوَّجْنَ‎ tuzawwajna	يُزَوَّجْنَ‎ yuzawwajna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُزَوَّجَ‎ ʾuzawwaja	تُزَوَّجَ‎ tuzawwaja	يُزَوَّجَ‎ yuzawwaja		تُزَوَّجَا‎ tuzawwajā	يُزَوَّجَا‎ yuzawwajā		نُزَوَّجَ‎ nuzawwaja	تُزَوَّجُوا‎ tuzawwajū	يُزَوَّجُوا‎ yuzawwajū
	f		تُزَوَّجِي‎ tuzawwajī	تُزَوَّجَ‎ tuzawwaja			تُزَوَّجَا‎ tuzawwajā			تُزَوَّجْنَ‎ tuzawwajna	يُزَوَّجْنَ‎ yuzawwajna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُزَوَّجْ‎ ʾuzawwaj	تُزَوَّجْ‎ tuzawwaj	يُزَوَّجْ‎ yuzawwaj		تُزَوَّجَا‎ tuzawwajā	يُزَوَّجَا‎ yuzawwajā		نُزَوَّجْ‎ nuzawwaj	تُزَوَّجُوا‎ tuzawwajū	يُزَوَّجُوا‎ yuzawwajū
	f		تُزَوَّجِي‎ tuzawwajī	تُزَوَّجْ‎ tuzawwaj			تُزَوَّجَا‎ tuzawwajā			تُزَوَّجْنَ‎ tuzawwajna	يُزَوَّجْنَ‎ yuzawwajna

References

• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 106
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 303
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 154–155
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “زوج”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
• Lane, Edward William (1863), “زوج”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate

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Persian

Etymology

From Arabic زَوْج‎ (zawj). Doublet of یوغ‎ (joğ, juğ, “yoke”), also related to جُفت‎‎ (joft).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian): IPA^(key): /zawd͡ʒ/

• (Dari): IPA^(key): /zawd͡ʒ/

• (Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): /zowd͡ʒ/
• (Tajik): IPA^(key): /zavd͡ʒ/

Noun

Dari	زوج
Iranian Persian
Tajik	завҷ (zavj)

زوج • (zowj)

1. couple, pair

   Synonym: جُفت‎ (joft)

2. spouse, mate, partner

   Synonym: هَمسَر‎ (hamsar)

3. even number

   Antonym: فَرد‎ (fard)

4. (of days of the week) of which the Persian-language name begins with an even number

   Hyponyms: شَنبه‎ (šanbe, “Saturday”), دوشَنبه‎ (došanbe, “Monday”), چَهارشَنبه‎ (čahâršambe, “Wednesday”)

   Antonym: فَرد‎ (fard)

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South Levantine Arabic

Root
ز و ج‎

Etymology 1

From Arabic زَوَّجَ‎ (zawwaja).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zaw.waʒ/, [ˈzaw.waʒ]

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

Verb

زوّج • (zawwaj) (form II, present بزوّج‎ (bizawwej))

1. (transitive) to marry

   Synonym: أهّل‎ (ʔahhal)

Conjugation

Conjugation of زوّج (zawwaj)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	زوّجت (zawwajt)	زوّجت (zawwajt)	زوّج (zawwaj)		زوّجنا (zawwajna)	زوّجتو (zawwajtu)	زوّجو (zawwaju)
	f		زوّجتي (zawwajti)	زوّجت (zawwajat)
present	m	بزوّج (bazawwej)	بتزوّج (bitzawwej)	بزوّج (bizawwej)		منزوّج (minzawwej)	بتزوّجو (bitzawwju)	بزوّجو (bizawwju)
	f		بتزوّجي (bitzawwji)	بتزوّج (bitzawwej)
subjunctive	m	ازوّج (azawwej)	تزوّج (tzawwej)	يزوّج (yzawwej)		نزوّج (nzawwej)	تزوّجو (tzawwju)	يزوّجو (yzawwju)
	f		تزوّجي (tzawwji)	تزوّج (tzawwej)
imperative	m		زوّج (zawwej)				زوّجو (zawwju)
	f		زوّجي (zawwji)

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Arabic زَوْج‎ (zawj).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zoːʒ/, [zoːʒ]

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Noun

زوج • (zōj) m (plural أزواج‎ (ʔazwāj), feminine زوجة‎ (zōje))

1. couple
2. husband

   Synonym: جوز‎ (jōz)