to make; to cause; to enable to make; to cause; to enable; to use; to employ; messenger |
the people; nationality; citizen | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (使民) |
使 | 民 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 使 | 民 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 明 (4) |
Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 眞 (43) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | III | III |
Fanqie | 踈士切 | 彌鄰切 |
Baxter | sriX | mjin |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʃɨX/ | /miɪn/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ʃɨX/ | /min/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ʃieX/ | /mjen/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʂɨX/ | /min/ |
Li Rong |
/ʃiəX/ | /miĕn/ |
Wang Li |
/ʃĭəX/ | /mĭĕn/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ʂiX/ | /mi̯ĕn/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shǐ | mín |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
si2 | man4 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 使 | 民 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shǐ | mín |
Middle Chinese |
‹ sriX › | ‹ mjin › |
Old Chinese |
/*s-rəʔ/ | /*mi[ŋ]/ |
English | send; cause | people |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 使 | 民 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
No. | 11488 | 9130 |
Phonetic component |
史 | 民 |
Rime group |
之 | 眞 |
Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
史 | 民 |
Old Chinese |
/*srɯʔ/ | /*min/ |
使民