使
See also: 便
| ||||||||
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han characterEdit
使 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人十中大 (OJLK), four-corner 25206, composition ⿰亻吏)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 101, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 573
- Dae Jaweon: page 213, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 145, character 2
- Unihan data for U+4F7F
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
使 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 駛／驶 (sai2; Cantonese “need”) 洗 (sai2; Cantonese “need”) | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 使 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||
|
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *srɯʔ, *srɯs): semantic 亻 + phonetic 吏 (OC *rɯs).
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
使
- to order (somebody to do something); to send (somebody)
- 夜，鄭伯使祭足勞王，且問左右。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yè, Zhèng bó shǐ Jì Zú láo wáng, qiě wèn zuǒyòu. [Pinyin]
- At night [the earl of Zheng] sent Zu of Zhai to comfort the king, and to ask after the welfare of his officers.
夜，郑伯使祭足劳王，且问左右。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 其食客三千人，邑入不足以奉客，使人出錢於薛。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Qí shíkè sānqiān rén, yìrù bù zúyǐ fèng kè, shǐ rén chūqián yú Xuē. [Pinyin]
- He had 3000 retainers, and the income from his fief was not enough to support his retainers. Thus, he dispatched people to provide loans in Xue.
其食客三千人，邑入不足以奉客，使人出钱于薛。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to put (people) to work
- 節用而愛人，使民以時。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Jiéyòng ér ài rén, shǐ mín yǐ shí. [Pinyin]
- Economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons.
节用而爱人，使民以时。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to let; to make; to cause to
- 科學精神是使人擺脫愚昧盲目的有效武器，是推動社會進步的強大力量。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 周忠和; 武向平; 王挺 (14 July 2021), “推动科学素质建设迈上新台阶”, in People's Daily, page 5
- Kēxuéjīngshén shì shǐ rén bǎituō yúmèi mángmù de yǒuxiào wǔqì, shì tuīdòng shèhuì jìnbù de qiángdà lìliàng. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this example)
科学精神是使人摆脱愚昧盲目的有效武器，是推动社会进步的强大力量。 [MSC, simp.]
- to use; to employ
- 嫂嫂，借扇子我使使。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16th century CE
- Sǎosao, jiè shànzi wǒ shǐ shǐ. [Pinyin]
- Sister, lend the fan to me.
- to play; to play with; to resort to; to dally with
- 使心眼 ― shǐ xīnyǎn ― (please add an English translation of this example)
- to indulge
- 使性子 ― shǐ xìngzi ― to get angry; to lose one's temper
- (literary) if
- (Cantonese, always negated or interrogative) need to [do something]; have to
- (Cantonese, always negated or interrogative) need [something]; require; want strongly
- (Quanzhou Min Nan, vulgar) to fuck
SynonymsEdit
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 用, 使用 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 使, 用 |
| Jinan | 使, 用 | |
| Xi'an | 使喚 | |
| Wuhan | 用 | |
| Chengdu | 用, 使 | |
| Guilin | 用 | |
| Yangzhou | 用 | |
| Hefei | 使, 用 | |
| Malaysia | 用 | |
| Singapore | 用 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 用, 使 |
| Hong Kong | 用, 使 | |
| Yangjiang | 使 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 用 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 用 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 用 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 使喚, 用 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 使 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 使 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 用 |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 用 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 用 | |
| Chaozhou | 用, 使 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 用 | |
| Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 用 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 用 |
| Wenzhou | 用 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 用 |
| Shuangfeng | 用 | |
- (if):
- (Cantonese) (need): 需要 (xūyào)
- (to fuck):
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
使
- to be sent as an envoy
- 子華使於齊，冉子為其母請粟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐhuá shǐ yú Qí, Rǎnzǐ wèi qí mǔ qǐng sù. [Pinyin]
- Zi Hua being employed on a mission to Qi, the disciple Ran requested grain for his mother.
子华使于齐，冉子为其母请粟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- envoy; messenger
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 使
|
|
|
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
使
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
- Kun: つかう (tsukau, 使う, Jōyō); しむ (shimu); せしむ (seshimu); しめば (shimeba)
CompoundsEdit
NounEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
- “to use; in order to; etc.”
From Middle Chinese 使 (MC ʃɨX).
| Historical readings |
|---|
|
- “envoy; messenger”
From Middle Chinese 使 (MC ʃɨH).
| Historical readings |
|---|
|
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
HanjaEdit
- Hanja form? of 사 (“to use; to employ”).
- Hanja form? of 사 (“in order to do”).
- Hanja form? of 사 (“envoy; messenger”).
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
使: Hán Nôm readings: sứ, sử, sửa, thửa
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.