掔

掔 U+6394, 掔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6394 ← 掓 [U+6393] CJK Unified Ideographs 掕 → [U+6395]

Translingual

Han character

掔 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 尸水手 (SEQ), four-corner 7750₂, composition ⿱臤手)

Derived characters

• 𢴡

Further reading

• KangXi: page 437, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12259
• Dae Jaweon: page 787, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1889, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6394

Chinese

simp. and trad.		掔
alternative forms		孯 ancient

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (臣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
臤	*kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins
掔	*kʰriːn, *kʰiːn
慳	*kʰriːn
藖	*ɡriːn, *ɡriːns
堅	*kiːn
鋻	*kiːn, *kiːns
鰹	*kiːn
蜸	*kʰiːnʔ
菣	*kʰiːns, *kʰins
賢	*ɡiːn
礥	*ɡiːn, *ɢrin
臔	*ɡiːnʔ
挋	*kiŋs
臣	*ɡiŋ
茞	*ɡiŋ
腎	*ɡjinʔ
頣	*hŋiŋʔ
緊	*kinʔ
嚚	*ŋɡriŋ
鏗	*kʰreːŋ
摼	*kʰreːŋ
硻	*kʰreːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰriːn, *kʰiːn): phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic 手.

Etymology 1

Kra-Dai origin according to Schuessler, 2003. Compare Proto-Tai *k.reːŋᴬ (“hard”). See also 堅.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiān (qian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haan¹, hin¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cian
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien¹
    • Yale: chyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
    • Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: haan¹, hin¹
    • Yale: hāan, hīn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haan¹, hin¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: han¹, hin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːn⁵⁵/, /hiːn⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: khean, khen

Rime
Character	掔	掔
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	IV
Fanqie	苦閑切	苦堅切
Baxter	khean	khen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠɛn/	/kʰen/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚæn/	/kʰen/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰæn/	/kʰɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəɨn/	/kʰɛn/
Li Rong	/kʰɛn/	/kʰen/
Wang Li	/kʰæn/	/kʰien/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰăn/	/kʰien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiān	qiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haan1	hin1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰriːn/, /*kʰiːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	掔	掔
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1325	1334
Phonetic component	臣	臣
Rime group	眞	眞
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	慳	牽
Old Chinese	/*kʰriːn/	/*kʰiːn/
Notes		臤轉註字

Definitions

掔

1. sturdy, strong, firm
2. to strengthen, to reinforce
3. to hit, to attack
4. ^† to lead, to tow

Etymology 2

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 掔 – see 腕 (“wrist; arm”). (This character, 掔, is an ancient form of 腕.)

References

• “掔”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

掔

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): かん (kan); けん (ken)
• Kun: かたい (katai)