字
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
字 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十弓木 (JND), four-corner 30407, composition ⿱宀子)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 277, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6942
- Dae Jaweon: page 545, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1010, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5B57
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
字 |
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Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 字 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zlɯs): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ, “child”).
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa ~ za (“child; to give birth; to take care; to be kind”). Related to:
- 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ, “child, son”) (also its phonetic component)
- 慈 (OC *zɯ, “to be kind, loving”)
- 滋 (OC *ʔsɯ, “to nourish, to grow”)
- 詞 (OC *ljɯ, “word, term”)
- 辭 (OC *ljɯ, “word, from testimony”)
Original sense (1): “to become pregnant, to give birth to, to nurture, to love” has essentially become obsolete. The sense (2) “letter, character” is either from a different root or a derivation from the sense “to produce, to generate”.
Cognate with Tibetan ཚ་བོ (tsha bo, “nephew”), Tibetan ཚ་རུས (tsha rus, “descendant”), Tibetan བཙའ (btsa', “to give birth to; to guard”), Tibetan མཛའ (mdza', “kind, peaceful, friendly”) (Quan, 1996), Burmese စာ (ca, “writing, letter”).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
字
- letter; symbol; character, especially a Chinese character (Classifier: 個/个 m c; 隻/只 c)
- word; term; wording; diction
- (computing) word
- handwriting; writing
- (historical) courtesy name; Chinese-style name (a name traditionally given to Chinese males at the age of 20 and females at the age of 15)
- (historical) to style; to give someone a courtesy name
- (calligraphy) style of handwriting; printing type
- (calligraphy) (a calligrapher's) calligraphy work
- written letter; message; correspondence
- receipt; contract; slip
- pronunciation of a character; pronunciation
- (colloquial) side of a coin with written characters; tails
- (Cantonese, Min, Malaysia, Singapore) five minutes (derived from the locations of 1 to 12 on a clock face) (Classifier: 個/个 m c)
- † to give birth to; to deliver a baby; to bring into the world
- † to be pregnant; to be carrying a baby
- † (historical, of a girl) to be betrothed; to be allowed to marry
- † to bring up; to raise; to rear (a child)
- (obsolete or Guzhang Waxiang) to love; to cherish; to care very much for
- 子弗祗服厥父事,大傷厥考心;于父不能字厥子,乃疾厥子。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
- Zǐ fú zhī fú jué fù shì, dà shāng jué kǎo xīn; yú fù bùnéng zì jué zǐ, nǎi jí jué zǐ. [Pinyin]
- The son who does not reverently discharge his duty to his father, but greatly wounds his father's heart, and the father who can (no longer) love his son, but hates him.
子弗祗服厥父事,大伤厥考心;于父不能字厥子,乃疾厥子。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Luxi Waxiang) to envy; to be jealous of; to admire
- † to educate; to teach; to instruct
- † to govern; to administer
- a surname
SynonymsEdit
Variety | Location | Words |
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Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 字 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 字兒 |
Taiwan | 字 | |
Yantai (Muping) | 字 | |
Wanrong | 字 | |
Xi'an | 字 | |
Lanzhou | 字兒 | |
Singapore | 字 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 字 |
Hong Kong | 字 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 字 | |
Gan | Lichuan | 字 |
Hakka | Meixian | 字 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 字 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 字 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 字 |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 字 | |
Chaozhou | 字 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 字 | |
Leizhou | 字 | |
Haikou | 字 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 字 |
Ningbo | 字 | |
Wenzhou | 字 |
CompoundsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Others:
- → Proto-Tai: *ɟɤ:ᴮ (“name”)
- → Vietnamese: chữ (“script; letter; writing; word”), chửa (“to be pregnant”)
ReferencesEdit
- “字”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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字 |
じ Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
Borrowed from Middle Chinese 字 with the southern pronunciation (kango, go-on).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
- 永字 (eiji)
- 十字 (jūji, “cross”)
- 字解 (jikai)
- 字義 (jigi, “the meaning of a word”)
- 字源 (jigen, “the construction of a character”)
- 字体 (jitai, “font or lettering”)
- 字典 (jiten, “character dictionary”)
- 字母 (jibo, “letter (of the alphabet)”)
- 漢字 (kanji, “Chinese characters”)
- 漢字返し (kanjigaeshi, “kanji repeater”)
- 文字 (moji, “letter, character, or ideograph”)
- 字引 (jibiki, “dictionary”)
- 数字 (sūji, “numeral or number”)
- 字訳 (jiyaku)
- 二字 (niji, “two characters”)
- 大字 (daiji, “a large character”)
CounterEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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字 |
あざ Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Shortened form of あざな (azana, “a section of a village”) of ancient Japanese origin (wago).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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字 |
あざな Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Of ancient Japanese origin (wago).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- courtesy name
- nickname
- a section of a village
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 字 (MC d͡zɨH).
Historical readings |
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PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕa̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [자]
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 글자 (글字, geulja)
- 적자 (赤字, jeokja)
- 한자 (漢字, hanja)
- 숫자 (數字, sutja)
- 동자 (同字, dongja)
- 속자 (俗字, sokja)
- 본자 (本字, bonja)
- 고자 (古字, goja)
- 약자 (略字, yakja)
- 파자 (破字, paja)
- 자구 (字句, jagu)
- 자음 (字音, ja'eum)
- 자형 (字形, jahyeong)
- 흑자 (黑字, heukja)
- 자의 (字義, jaui)
- 서자 (書字, seoja)
- 자학 (字學, jahak)
- 채자 (採字, chaeja)
- 오자 (誤字, oja)
- 자훈 (字訓, jahun)
- 자원 (字源, jawon)
- 자서 (字書, jaseo)
- 국자 (國字, gukja)
- 점자 (點字, jeomja)
- 자림 (字林, jarim)
- 정자 (正字, jeongja)
- 자모 (字母, jamo)
- 자휘 (字彙, jahwi)
- 팔자 (八字, palja)
- 자막 (字幕, jamak)
- 활자 (活字, hwalja)
- 자간 (字間, jagan)
- 와자 (訛字, waja)
- 각자 (刻字, gakja)
- 자보 (字譜, jabo)
- 자면 (字面, jamyeon)
- 음자 (音字, eumja)
- 자체 (字體, jache)
- 주자 (鑄字, juja)
- 자수 (字數, jasu)
- 차자 (借字, chaja)
- 만자 (卍字, manja)
- 문자 (文字, munja)
- 자해 (字解, jahae)
- 천자문 (千字文, cheonjamun)
- 간체자 (簡體字, gancheja)
- 번체자 (繁體字, beoncheja)
- 항렬자 (行列字, hangnyeolja)
- 십자수 (十字繡, sipjasu)
- 십자가 (十字架, sipjaga)
- 십자군 (十字軍, sipjagun)
- 적십자 (赤十字, jeoksipja)
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển, Hà Nội, 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999