曏

See also: 向

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

曏 (radical 72 日+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 日女竹中 (AVHL), four-corner 6022₇, composition ⿱日鄉)

1. once upon a time
2. period of time
3. toward
4. direction
5. trend
6. shortly before, formerly
7. a surname

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 500, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14195
• Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1534, character 21
• Unihan data for U+66CF

---

ChineseEdit

trad.		曏
simp.		向

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 曏
Large seal script	Small seal script

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiǎng, xiàng (xiang³, xiang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˇ, ㄒㄧㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoeng³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: xiǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˇ
    • Wade-Giles: hsiang³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheang
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: xiàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˋ
    • Wade-Giles: hsiang⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shianq
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoeng³
    • Yale: heung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng³
    • IPA ^(key): /hœːŋ³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /hɨɐŋ^X/, /ɕɨɐŋ^X/, /ɕɨɐŋ^H/, /hɨɐŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	曏	曏	曏	曏
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	書 (26)	書 (26)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	陽 (105)	陽 (105)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III	III
Fanqie	許兩切	書兩切	式亮切	許亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐŋX/	/ɕɨɐŋX/	/ɕɨɐŋH/	/hɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐŋX/	/ɕiɐŋX/	/ɕiɐŋH/	/hiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɑŋX/	/ɕiɑŋX/	/ɕiɑŋH/	/xiɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨaŋX/	/ɕɨaŋX/	/ɕɨaŋH/	/hɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/xiaŋX/	/ɕiaŋX/	/ɕiaŋH/	/xiaŋH/
Wang Li	/xĭaŋX/	/ɕĭaŋX/	/ɕĭaŋH/	/xĭaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯aŋX/	/ɕi̯aŋX/	/ɕi̯aŋH/	/xi̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xǎng	shǎng	shàng	xàng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*n̥aŋʔ/, /*n̥aŋ-s/, /*n̥aŋʔ/, /*n̥aŋʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰjaŋʔ/, /*qʰjaŋs/, /*qʰaŋʔ/, /*qʰaŋs/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曏	曏	曏	曏
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shǎng	shàng	xiǎng	xiàng
Middle Chinese	‹ syangX ›	‹ syangH ›	‹ xjangX ›	‹ xjangH ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥aŋʔ/	/*n̥aŋ-s/	/*n̥aŋʔ/ (W dialect: *n̥- > MC x-)	/*n̥aŋʔ-s/ (W dialect: *n̥- > MC x-)
English	a short time	a short time	a short time	a short time
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曏	曏	曏	曏
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
No.	13594	13595	13603	13604
Phonetic component	鄉	鄉	鄉	鄉
Rime group	陽	陽	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	賞	餉	響	向
Old Chinese	/*qʰjaŋʔ/	/*qʰjaŋs/	/*qʰaŋʔ/	/*qʰaŋs/

DefinitionsEdit

曏

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

曏

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. once upon time
2. period of time

ReadingsEdit

• On: きょう (kyō), こう (kō), しょう (shō)
• Kun: さきに (sakini)

---

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

曏 • ‎(hyang, sang) (hangeul 향, 상, revised hyang, sang, McCune-Reischauer hyang, sang)

1. lean towards
2. advance
3. see, look at

---

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

曏 (hướng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.