Wiktionary

鄉

See also: 鄕, 乡, 郷, and 卿
鄉 U+9109, 鄉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9109
← 鄈
[U+9108] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鄊 →
[U+910A]

Translingual edit

Traditional 鄉
Simplified 乡
Japanese 郷
Korean 鄕

Han character edit

鄉 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女竹戈戈中 (VHIIL), four-corner 27727, composition ⿰乡郎)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1275, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39498
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1775, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3786, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+9109

Chinese edit

trad. 鄉/鄕
simp. 乡
alternative forms 郷
鄊
𨞰 ancient
𭅼

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 鄉
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (鄉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
曏 *qʰjaŋʔ, *qʰjaŋs, *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs
鄉 *qʰaŋ
薌 *qʰaŋ
膷 *qʰaŋ
響 *qʰaŋʔ
饗 *qʰaŋʔ
蠁 *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs
嚮 *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs
卿 *kʰraŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 𠨍 (“two people facing each other”) + 皀 (“a round-mouthed food vessel”) – to feast; the original script of 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ). The sense "village" was a result of phonetic borrowing or semantic shifting.

In early writing, the character was virtually indistinguishable from 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ). Semantically, 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ, “elder; leader”) and 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ, “community; district; village”), likely cognates too, were both represented by the event depicted in the ideogram – 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “ritual feasting”), which was central to the community life (Yang, 1965).

The right half is unrelated to 郎, as 良 in 鄉 was derived from 皀 during the formation of the clerical script.

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note:
  • hiuⁿ/hioⁿ - vernacular;
  • hiong/hiang - literary.
Note:
  • hion1/hiên1 - vernacular (hiên1 - Chaozhou);
  • hiang1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 鄉
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 許良切
    Baxter xjang
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hɨɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hiɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xiɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɨaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/xiaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/xĭaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xi̯aŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiāng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hoeng1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 鄉
    Reading # 1/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiāng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰaŋ/
    English village; district

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 鄉
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13596
    Phonetic
    component         		鄉
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		香
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰaŋ/
    Notes 甲金文象兩人對食，
    爲饗初文

    Definitions edit

    鄉

    1. township
    2. countryside; country; rural area
      鄉村／乡村  ―  xiāngcūn  ―  village
      城鄉／城乡  ―  chéngxiāng  ―  urban and rural areas
    3. one's native place
      回鄉／回乡  ―  huíxiāng  ―  to return to one's native place
    4. place
    5. state; situation
      夢鄉／梦乡  ―  mèngxiāng  ―  dreamland
    6. a surname

    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation 2 edit

    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 鄉
    Reading # 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiàng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjangH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰaŋ-s/
    English to face

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    Definitions edit

    鄉

    1. Alternative form of 嚮／向

    Pronunciation 3 edit

    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 鄉
    Reading # 2/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiǎng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjangX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰaŋʔ/
    English feast

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    Definitions edit

    鄉

    1. Alternative form of 饗／飨 (xiǎng)

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    鄉

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings edit

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    鄉 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, Yale hyang)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    鄉: Hán Nôm readings: hương

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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