式

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

式 (Kangxi radical 56, 弋+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈心一 (IPM), four-corner 4310₀, composition ⿹弋工)

Derived charactersEdit

侙𠲧恜拭𤞔栻烒𥅞弑弒試(试) 軾(轼) 鉽

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 355, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9663
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 558, character 7
Unihan data for U+5F0F

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		式

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (弋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
戴	*ʔl'ɯːɡs
襶	*tɯːɡs
貸	*l̥ʰɯːɡs
代	*l'ɯːɡs
袋	*l'ɯːɡs
岱	*l'ɯːɡs
黛	*l'ɯːɡs
玳	*l'ɯːɡs
帒	*l'ɯːɡs
甙	*l'ɯːɡs
酨	l'ɯːs, zlɯːs
試	*hljɯɡs
弒	*hljɯɡs
忒	*l̥ʰɯːɡ
貣	l̥ʰɯːɡ, l'ɯːɡ
鴏	*l'ɯːɡ
栻	l̥ʰɯɡ, hljɯɡ
侙	*l̥ʰɯɡ
恜	*l̥ʰɯɡ
式	*hljɯɡ
軾	*hljɯɡ
拭	*hljɯɡ
鉽	*hljɯɡ
烒	*hljɯɡ
弋	*lɯɡ
芅	*lɯɡ
黓	*lɯɡ
隿	*lɯɡ
杙	*lɯɡ
釴	*lɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljɯɡ): phonetic 弋 (OC *lɯɡ) + semantic 工 (“work”).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ

(Chengdu, SP): si⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sik¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): set²
Gan (Wiktionary): siit⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳt

(Meixian, Guangdong): sed⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): seh⁴ / si³
Min Bei (KCR): sĭ
Min Dong (BUC): sék
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sek / siak / sit

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêg⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): ⁴seq
Xiang (Wiktionary): shr⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shì
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
  - Wade–Giles: shih⁴
  - Yale: shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
  - Palladius: ши (ši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: si⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sik¹
  - Yale: sīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: xig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: set²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /set̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: siit⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɨt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳt
  - Hakka Romanization System: siid`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sed⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /sət̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: seh⁴ / si³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ²/, /sz̩⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
  - Tâi-lô: sik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: seg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siak
  - Tâi-lô: siak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit
  - Tâi-lô: sit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sid
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕit̚³²/

Note:

sek/siak - literary;
sit - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: sêg⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sek
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /sek̚²/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ⁴seq
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /səʔ⁵⁵/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: shr⁴
- Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
- Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sz̩⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 式
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʂʐ̩⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ʂʐ̩⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʂʐ̩²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʃz̩⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂʐ̩³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ʂʐ̩²¹/
	Xining	/ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Wuhan	/sz̩³⁵/
	Chengdu	/sz̩¹³/
	Guiyang	/sz̩²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʂʐ̩²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/səʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ʂʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/səʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/səʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/səʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/səʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/sei²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕi⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɨʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/sət̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʃït̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sek̚⁵/
	Nanning	/sek̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/sik̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/sik̚³²/ /sit̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/sɛiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/si²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/sek̚²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/tek̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ɕɨk̚/

Rime
Character	式
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	蒸 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	賞職切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕik̚/
Li Rong	/ɕiək̚/
Wang Li	/ɕĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ək/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	式	式
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ syik ›	‹ syik ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ək/	/*l̥ək/
English	pattern	to wipe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.