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亮

See also: 𠅙
亮 U+4EAE, 亮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EAE
← 亭
[U+4EAD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亯 →
[U+4EAF]
亮 U+F977, 亮
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F977
← 略
[U+F976] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 兩 →
[U+F978]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order (Mainland China)
 

Alternative formsEdit

Han characterEdit

亮 (radical 8, 亠+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜口月山 (YRBU), four-corner 00217, composition ⿳亠口冗 or ⿱⿳亠口冖几(G) or ⿱⿳亠口冖儿(HTJK or U+F977))

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 89, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 304
  • Dae Jaweon: page 188, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 286, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4EAE

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 亮
variant forms 𠅙

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 亮
Bronze inscriptions
 

b13614

 

b13615

Small seal script
 

s06359

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L37007

 

L37008

 

L37009

 

L24090

 

L24091

 

L24092

 

L24093

 

L24094

 

L24095

 

L24096

 

L24097

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raŋs): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ, “building; tower”).

EtymologyEdit

Part of an Austroasiatic word family; compare Khmer [script needed] (-rāṃṅa, “to be light; to be bright”) (Schuessler, 2007), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *raaŋʔ (“light; to shine”); as well as:

  • ស្រាំង (srang, “to be pale; to be colourless”) with 爽 (OC *sraŋʔ),
  • [script needed] (brāṅa, “to grow light (after dark)”) with 炳 (OC *praŋʔ).
  • បំព្រាង (bɑmpriəng, “to shed a pale light”) with 明 (OC *mraŋ).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
    • liāng - colloquial;
    • liōng - literary.
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 亮
    Mandarin Beijing /liɑŋ⁵¹/
    Harbin /liaŋ⁵³/
    Tianjin /liɑŋ⁵³/
    Jinan /liaŋ²¹/
    Qingdao /liaŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /liaŋ³¹²/
    Xi'an /liaŋ⁴⁴/
    Xining /liɔ̃²¹³/
    Yinchuan /liɑŋ¹³/
    Lanzhou /liɑ̃¹³/
    Ürümqi /liɑŋ²¹³/
    Wuhan /niaŋ³⁵/
    Chengdu /niaŋ¹³/
    Guiyang /niaŋ²¹³/
    Kunming /liã̠²¹²/
    Nanjing /liaŋ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /liɑ̃⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /liɒ̃⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /liɑŋ³⁵/
    /luə³⁵/
    Hohhot /liɑ̃⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /liã²³/
    Suzhou /liã³¹/
    Hangzhou /liɑŋ¹³/
    Wenzhou /li²²/
    Hui Shexian /lia²²/
    Tunxi /liau¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /lian⁵⁵/
    /lian¹¹/
    Xiangtan /nian²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /liɔŋ²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /lioŋ⁵³/
    Taoyuan /lioŋ⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /lœŋ²²/
    Nanning /lœŋ²²/
    Hong Kong /lœŋ²²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liɔŋ²²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /luɔŋ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /liɔŋ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /liaŋ³⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /liaŋ³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 亮
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 力讓切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lɨɐŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/liɐŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/liɑŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/lɨaŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/liaŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/lĭaŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/li̯aŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		liàng
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 亮
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		liàng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ljangH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[r]aŋ-s/
    English brightness

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 亮
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8062
    Phonetic
    component         		亮
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		亮
    Old
    Chinese         		/*raŋs/

    DefinitionsEdit

    亮

    1. bright; brilliant; radiant
    2. loud and clear
    3. (dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu, Xiang) lamp; light
    4. to shine; to illuminate
      天色已暗啦　星星也亮啦 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      From: 張露 (lyricist 秦冠), 《小小羊兒要回家》
      tiānsè yǐ àn la; xīngxing yě liàng la [Pinyin]
      The sky has already darkened, and the stars have begun to show
    5. (neologism) to be the highlight; to be epic
    6. to make one's voice loud and clear; to raise one's voice
    7. to reveal; to disclose
    8. A surname​.

    SynonymsEdit

    Dialectal synonyms of 亮 (“bright”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 亮
    Mandarin Beijing 亮
    Taiwan 亮
    Jinan 亮
    Xi'an 亮
    Wuhan 亮, 光
    Chengdu 亮
    Yangzhou 亮
    Hefei 亮
    Cantonese Guangzhou 光
    Hong Kong 光
    Yangjiang 光
    Hakka Meixian 光
    Jin Taiyuan 亮
    Min Bei Jian'ou 光
    Min Dong Fuzhou 光
    Min Nan Xiamen 光
    Penang 光
    Philippines (Manila) 光
    Chaozhou 光
    Wu Suzhou 亮
    Wenzhou 光
    Xiang Changsha 亮, 光
    Shuangfeng 亮, 光

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 亮

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    亮

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    1. clear
    2. help

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    • New Nelson: 95
    • Halpern: 2071
    • Halpern Learners: 1313
    • Heisig: 2920
    • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 2j7.6
    1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

    Proper nounEdit

    亮 (hiragana りょう, rōmaji Ryō, historical hiragana りやう)

    1. A male given name

    亮 (hiragana あきら, rōmaji Akira)

    1. A male given name

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    亮 • (ryang) (hangeul 량, revised ryang, McCune–Reischauer ryang)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    亮 (lượng)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    ReferencesEdit

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