標準

See also: 标准 and 標准

Chinese

		the topmost branches of a tree; surface; sign the topmost branches of a tree; surface; sign; to mark; (outward) sign; indication; prize; award; bid	accurate; standard
trad. (標準/標准)		標	準/准
simp. (标准)		标	准

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): biāozhǔn

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄠ ㄓㄨㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): biu¹ zeon²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phêu-chún

  (Meixian, Guangdong): biau¹ zun³

• Eastern Min (BUC): biĕu-cūng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): piau-chún / phiau-chún

  (Teochew, Peng'im): piou¹ zung² / piao¹ zung²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹piau-tsen

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: biāozhǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄠ ㄓㄨㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: biaojhǔn
    • Wade–Giles: piao¹-chun³
    • Yale: byāu-jwǔn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biaujoen
    • Palladius: бяочжунь (bjaočžunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: biu¹ zeon²
    • Yale: bīu jéun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: biu¹ dzoen²
    • Guangdong Romanization: biu¹ zên²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɵn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phêu-chún
    • Hakka Romanization System: peu^ˊ zun^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: peu¹ zun³
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰeu̯²⁴ t͡sun³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: biau¹ zun³
    • Sinological IPA: /piau⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sun³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: biĕu-cūng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pieu⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(t͡s-)ʒuŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piau-chún
    • Tâi-lô: piau-tsún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: piauzuon
    • IPA (Xiamen): /piau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Singapore): /piau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁴²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /piau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /piau³³ t͡sun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /piau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiau-chún
    • Tâi-lô: phiau-tsún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phiauzuon
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: piou¹ zung² / piao¹ zung²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phiou tsúng / phiau tsúng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiou³³⁻²³ t͡suŋ⁵²/, /pʰiau³³⁻²³ t͡suŋ⁵²/

Note:

• piou1 zung2 - Chaozhou;
• piao1 zung2 - Jieyang, Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹piau-tsen
    • MiniDict: piau^平 tsen
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹piau-tsen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /piɔ⁵⁵ t͡sən²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: pjiew tsywinX

Rime
Character	標	準
Reading #	1/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	甫遙切	之尹切
Baxter	pjiew	tsywinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/piᴇu/	/t͡ɕiuɪnX/
Pan Wuyun	/piɛu/	/t͡ɕʷinX/
Shao Rongfen	/pjæu/	/t͡ɕjuenX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/piaw/	/cwinX/
Li Rong	/piɛu/	/t͡ɕiuĕnX/
Wang Li	/pĭɛu/	/t͡ɕĭuĕnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ɛu/	/t͡ɕi̯uĕnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	biāo	zhǔn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	biu1	zeon2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pew  qʷjinʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	準
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǔn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsywinX ›
Old Chinese	/*turʔ/
English	water-level
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	標	準
Reading #	1/2	1/2
No.	9742	12189
Phonetic component	票	隼
Rime group	宵	眞
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	飊	準
Old Chinese	/*pew/	/*qʷjinʔ/

Noun

標準

1. standard; criterion

   法定標準／法定标准  ―  fǎdìng biāozhǔn  ―  legal standard

   評分標準／评分标准  ―  píngfēn biāozhǔn  ―  scoring criteria

   合乎標準／合乎标准  ―  héhū biāozhǔn  ―  to conform to the standard

   統一標準／统一标准  ―  tǒngyī biāozhǔn  ―  to unify standards

   收費標準／收费标准  ―  shōufèi biāozhǔn  ―  charging standards; rates

   收緊貸款標準／收紧贷款标准  ―  shōujǐn dàikuǎn biāozhǔn  ―  to tighten lending criteria

   修煉的標準是嚴格。 [MSC, trad.]
   修炼的标准是严格。 [MSC, simp.]

   Xiūliàn de biāozhǔn shì yángé. [Pinyin]

   Strictness is the standard of cultivation practice.

   • 真理的標準只能是社會的實踐。 [MSC, trad.]
     真理的标准只能是社会的实践。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《實踐論》 (On Practice), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Zhēnlǐ de biāozhǔn zhǐnéng shì shèhuì de shíjiàn. [Pinyin]

     Only social practice can be the criterion of truth.

Synonyms

edit

• 判準／判准 (pànzhǔn)
• 基準／基准 (jīzhǔn)
• 尺寸 (chǐcùn)
• 尺度 (chǐdù)
• 尺碼／尺码 (chǐmǎ)
• 平臺／平台 (píngtái)
• 度程 (dùchéng) (literary)
• 式 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 格 (gé) (literary, or in compounds)
• 格式 (géshì)
• 水準／水准 (shuǐzhǔn)
• 法度 (fǎdù)
• 準則／准则 (zhǔnzé)
• 準繩／准绳 (zhǔnshéng)
• 規格／规格 (guīgé)
• 規範／规范 (guīfàn)
• 道揆 (dàokuí) (Classical Chinese)

 

Adjective

標準

1. standard (falling within an accepted range of size, amount, power, quality, etc.)

   標準的普通話／标准的普通话  ―  biāozhǔn de pǔtōnghuà  ―  standard Mandarin

Synonyms

edit

• 正式 (zhèngshì)
• 正經／正经
• 正規／正规 (zhèngguī)
• 規範／规范 (guīfàn)

 

Derived terms

• 國際標準書號／国际标准书号 (guójì biāozhǔn shūhào)
• 標準件／标准件 (biāozhǔnjiàn)
• 標準偏差／标准偏差 (biāozhǔn piānchā)
• 標準像／标准像 (biāozhǔnxiàng)
• 標準化／标准化 (biāozhǔnhuà)
• 標準大氣壓／标准大气压 (biāozhǔn dàqìyā)
• 標準工資／标准工资 (biāozhǔn gōngzī)
• 標準差／标准差 (biāozhǔnchā)
• 標準德語／标准德语 (biāozhǔn déyǔ)
• 標準時／标准时 (biāozhǔnshí)
• 標準時區／标准时区 (biāozhǔn shíqū)
• 標準時間／标准时间 (biāozhǔn shíjiān)
• 標準粉／标准粉 (biāozhǔnfěn)
• 標準語／标准语 (biāozhǔnyǔ)
• 標準間／标准间 (biāozhǔnjiān)
• 標準音／标准音 (biāozhǔnyīn)
• 標配／标配 (biāopèi)
• 生活標準／生活标准 (shēnghuó biāozhǔn)
• 美國信息交換標準代碼／美国信息交换标准代码 (Měiguó Xìnxī Jiāohuàn Biāozhǔn Dàimǎ)
• 美國資訊交換標準代碼／美国资讯交换标准代码 (Měiguó Zīxùn Jiāohuàn Biāozhǔn Dàimǎ)
• 雙重標準／双重标准 (shuāngchóng biāozhǔn)
• 非標準／非标准

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (標準):

• → Japanese: 標準(ひょうじゅん) (hyōjun)
• → Korean: 표준(標準) (pyojun)
• → Vietnamese: tiêu chuẩn (標準)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
標	準
ひょう Grade: 4	じゅん Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひょーじゅん [hyòójúń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ço̞ːʑɨ̃ɴ]

Noun

標(ひょう)準(じゅん) • (hyōjun) 

1. standard, level, the mark, norm

Derived terms

• 標準化(ひょうじゅんか) (hyōjunka)
• 標準語(ひょうじゅんご) (hyōjungo)

Korean

Hanja in this term
標	準

Noun

標準 • (pyojun) (hangeul 표준)

1. hanja form^? of 표준 (“standard”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
標	準

Noun

標準

1. chữ Hán form of tiêu chuẩn (“standard”).