玻璃

Chinese edit

	phonetic
trad. (玻璃)	玻	璃
simp. ^#(玻璃)	玻	璃
2nd round simp.	玻玏
alternative forms	玻瓈／玻璃

Wikipedia has articles on:

玻璃 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
玻璃 (同性恋) (Written Standard Chinese^?)

Etymology edit

From Prakrit words for crystal or quartz; cf. Prakrit 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀅 (phālia) (Ji, 1998v4); from Sanskrit स्फटिक (sphaṭika). Cognate with Pali phalika (“crystal”), Thai ผลึก (pà-lʉ̀k, “crystal”), Lao ຜະລຶກ (pha lưk), ຜະລິກະ (pha li ka), Khmer ផលិក (phɑlək), etc. The meaning has been shifted to refer to glass (the material).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bōli, bōlí

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ, ㄅㄛㄌㄧˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bo¹ ni²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бәли (bəli, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): bo¹ lei^4-1, bo¹ lei⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): bo¹ li
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pô-lì
Jin (Wiktionary): be¹ li³
Eastern Min (BUC): bŏ̤-là̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): po-lê

(Teochew, Peng'im): bo¹ li⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹pu-li

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bōli
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: boli̊
  - Wade–Giles: po¹-li⁵
  - Yale: bwō-li
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo.li
  - Palladius: боли (boli)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²/
- (Standard Chinese, former standard in Mainland, common variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bōlí
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛㄌㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bolí
  - Wade–Giles: po¹-li²
  - Yale: bwō-lí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boli
  - Palladius: боли (boli)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: bo¹ ni²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bo li
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁵⁵ ni²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бәли (bəli, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pə²⁴ li²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bo¹ lei^4-1, bo¹ lei⁴
  - Yale: bō lēi, bō lèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bo¹ lei^4-1, bo¹ lei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: bo¹ léi^4-1, bo¹ léi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹⁻⁵⁵/, /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/

Note: bo1 lei4 - literary, rare.

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: bo¹ li
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁴² li²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pô-lì
  - Hakka Romanization System: bo´ liˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bo¹ li²
  - Sinological IPA: /po²⁴ li¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: be¹ li³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pɤ¹¹ li⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bŏ̤-là̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁵⁵ l̃ɛ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po-lê
  - Tâi-lô: po-lê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poilee
  - IPA (Xiamen): /po⁴⁴⁻²² le²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /po³³ le²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁴⁴⁻²² le¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /po⁴⁴⁻³³ le²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ le²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bo¹ li⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: po lî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /po³³⁻²³ li⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹pu-li
  - MiniDict: pu^平 li
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹pu-li
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pu⁵⁵ li²¹/

Middle Chinese: pha lje

Rime
Character	玻	璃
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	滂禾切	呂支切
Baxter	pha	lje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰuɑ/	/liᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰuɑ/	/liɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰuɑ/	/ljɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰwa/	/liə̆/
Li Rong	/pʰuɑ/	/lie/
Wang Li	/pʰuɑ/	/lǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰuɑ/	/lie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pō	lí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	po¹	lei⁴

Noun edit

玻璃

glass (Classifier: 張／张 m; 塊／块 m c)
玻璃吹製／玻璃吹制 ― bōli chuīzhì ― glassblowing

小心玻璃。 ― Xiǎoxīn bōli. ― Caution — glass door.

緊急時擊破玻璃。 [MSC, trad.]
紧急时击破玻璃。 [MSC, simp.]
Jǐnjí shí jīpò bōli. [Pinyin]
Break glass in emergency.
generic term for any film material with glass-like transparency, such as cellophane, nylon, plastic, etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m; 塊／块 m)
(Wuhan Mandarin, humorous) eyeglasses; spectacles
(Sichuanese, humorous) plain boiled water
(slang) gay person; male homosexual

Synonyms edit

(glass): 琉璃 (liúlí)
(eyeglasses):

Dialectal synonyms of 眼鏡 (“eyeglasses”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		靉靆, 眼鏡
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		眼鏡
Mandarin	Beijing	眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子
	Taiwan	眼鏡
	Tianjin	眼鏡兒
	Harbin	眼鏡兒, 鏡子
	Yantai (Muping)	眼鏡
	Jinan	眼鏡子, 鏡子
	Luoyang	眼鏡兒, 二餅兒 derogatory
	Wanrong	眼鏡, 鏡子 dated, 二柄子 derogatory
	Zhengzhou	眼鏡
	Xi'an	眼鏡
	Yinchuan	眼鏡
	Lanzhou	眼鏡子, 鏡子, 二軲轆 humorous
	Xining	眼鏡兒, 眼鏡兒子
	Ürümqi	眼鏡子, 鏡子
	Wuhan	眼鏡, 鏡子 dated, 玻璃 humorous
	Huanggang	眼鏡兒
	Chengdu	眼鏡兒, 眼鏡
	Guiyang	眼鏡
	Guilin	眼鏡
	Liuzhou	眼鏡
	Xuzhou	二餅 humorous
	Yangzhou	眼鏡子
	Nanjing	眼鏡, 二餅 humorous
	Malaysia	眼鏡
	Singapore	眼鏡
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	眼鏡子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	眼鏡, 眼枷
	Hong Kong	眼鏡
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	眼鏡
	Macau	眼鏡
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	眼鏡
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	眼鏡
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	眼鏡
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	眼鏡
	Foshan	眼鏡
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	眼鏡
	Foshan (Shunde)	眼鏡
	Foshan (Sanshui)	眼鏡
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	眼鏡
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	眼鏡
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	眼鏡
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	眼鏡
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	眼鏡
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	眼鏡
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	眼鏡
	Taishan	眼鏡
	Kaiping (Chikan)	眼鏡
	Enping (Niujiang)	眼鏡
	Heshan (Yayao)	眼鏡
	Dongguan	眼鏡, 二文錢 dated
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	眼鏡
	Shaoguan	眼鏡
	Yunfu	眼鏡
	Xinyi	眼鏡
	Lianjiang	眼鏡
	Nanning	眼鏡
	Wuzhou	眼鏡
	Yulin	眼鏡
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	眼鏡
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	眼鏡
	Singapore (Guangfu)	眼鏡
Gan	Nanchang	眼鏡子
	Lichuan	眼鏡
	Pingxiang	眼鏡
Hakka	Meixian	目鏡, 眼鏡
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	眼鏡
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	眼鏡
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	眼鏡
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	眼鏡
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	眼鏡
	Wuhua (Changbu)	眼鏡
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	眼鏡
	Conghua (Lütian)	眼鏡
	Jiexi	目鏡
	Luhe	目鏡
	Yudu	眼鏡
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	目鏡
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	眼鏡
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	目鏡
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	眼枷仔
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	眼枷仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	目鏡
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	目鏡
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	目鏡
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	目鏡
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	眼鏡
	Sabah (Longchuan)	眼鏡
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	目鏡
	Singkawang	目鏡
Huizhou	Jixi	眼鏡
Jin	Taiyuan	眼鏡
	Xinzhou	眼鏡, 二餅子 derogatory
	Hohhot	眼鏡兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	眼鏡
	Songxi	眼鏡
	Jianyang	眼鏡
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	眼鏡
	Fuqing	眼鏡
	Gutian	眼鏡
	Ningde	眼鏡
	Zhouning	眼鏡
	Fuding	眼鏡
	Matsu	眼鏡
Southern Min	Xiamen	目鏡
	Quanzhou	目鏡
	Jinjiang	目鏡
	Zhangzhou	目鏡
	Kaohsiung	目鏡
	Yilan	目鏡
	Changhua (Lukang)	目鏡
	Taichung	目鏡
	Taichung (Wuqi)	目鏡
	Tainan	目鏡
	Taitung	目鏡
	Hsinchu	目鏡
	Penghu (Magong)	目鏡
	Penang (Hokkien)	目鏡
	Singapore (Hokkien)	目鏡
	Manila (Hokkien)	目鏡
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	眼鏡
	Chaozhou	目鏡
	Shantou	目鏡
	Shantou (Chenghai)	目鏡
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	目鏡
	Jieyang	目鏡
	Haifeng	目鏡
	Phnom Penh (Teochew)	目鏡
	Singapore (Teochew)	目鏡
	Leizhou	目鏡
	Wenchang	目鏡
	Haikou	目鏡
Puxian Min	Putian	目鏡
	Putian (Donghai)	目鏡
	Putian (Jiangkou)	目鏡
	Putian (Nanri)	目鏡
	Xianyou	目鏡
	Xianyou (Fengting)	目鏡
	Xianyou (Youyang)	目鏡
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	眼鏡
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	眼鏡, 眼枷
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	眼鏡子
Wu	Shanghai	眼鏡, 托力克
	Shanghai (Chongming)	眼鏡
	Suzhou	眼鏡
	Danyang	眼鏡子
	Hangzhou	眼鏡兒
	Ningbo	蔡眼
	Wenzhou	眼鏡, 眼視鏡
	Jinhua	眼鏡
Xiang	Changsha	眼鏡
	Loudi	眼鏡
	Quanzhou	眼鏡

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (玻璃):

→ Japanese: 玻璃(はり) (hari)
→ Korean: 파리(玻璃) (pari)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: pha lê

References edit

Duffus, William (1883) “glass”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 123

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
玻	璃
は Hyōgaiji	り Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) はり [háꜜrì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ha̠ɾʲi]

Noun edit

玻(は)璃(り) • (hari)

glass, crystal

Synonyms edit

(more common) ガラス (garasu): glass
クリスタル (kurisutaru): crystal

Derived terms edit

References edit

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]