玻璃
Chinese
editphonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (玻璃) | 玻 | 璃 | |
simp. #(玻璃) | 玻 | 璃 | |
2nd round simp. | 玻玏 | ||
alternative forms | 玻瓈/玻璃 |
Etymology
editFrom Prakrit words for crystal or quartz; cf. Prakrit 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀅 (phālia) (Ji, 1998v4); from Sanskrit स्फटिक (sphaṭika). Cognate with Pali phalika (“crystal”), Thai ผลึก (pà-lʉ̀k, “crystal”), Lao ຜະລຶກ (pha lưk), ຜະລິກະ (pha li ka), Khmer ផលិក (phɑlək), etc. The meaning has been shifted to refer to glass (the material).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bo1 ni2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бәли (bəli, I-I)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bo1 lei4-1 / bo1 lei4
- Gan (Wiktionary): bo1 li
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pô-lì
- Jin (Wiktionary): be1 li3
- Eastern Min (BUC): bŏ̤-là̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1pu-li
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: boli̊
- Wade–Giles: po1-li5
- Yale: bwō-li
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo.li
- Palladius: боли (boli)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²/
- (Standard Chinese, former standard in Mainland, common variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bolí
- Wade–Giles: po1-li2
- Yale: bwō-lí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boli
- Palladius: боли (boli)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: bo1 ni2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bo li
- Sinological IPA (key): /po⁵⁵ ni²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бәли (bəli, I-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pə²⁴ li²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: bo1 lei4-1 / bo1 lei4
- Yale: bō lēi / bō lèih
- Cantonese Pinyin: bo1 lei4-1 / bo1 lei4
- Guangdong Romanization: bo1 léi4-1 / bo1 léi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹⁻⁵⁵/, /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Note: bo1 lei4 - literary, rare.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: bo1 li
- Sinological IPA (key): /po⁴² li²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pô-lì
- Hakka Romanization System: boˊ liˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: bo1 li2
- Sinological IPA: /po²⁴ li¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: be1 li3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /pɤ¹¹ li⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bŏ̤-là̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /po⁵⁵ l̃ɛ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: pha lje
Noun
edit玻璃
- glass (Classifier: 張/张 m; 塊/块 m c)
- generic term for any film material with glass-like transparency, such as cellophane, nylon, plastic, etc. (Classifier: 張/张 m; 塊/块 m)
- (Wuhan Mandarin, humorous) eyeglasses; spectacles
- (Sichuanese, humorous) plain boiled water
- (slang) gay person; male homosexual
Synonyms
edit- (glass): 琉璃 (liúlí)
- (eyeglasses):
Derived terms
edit- 光學玻璃/光学玻璃
- 吸熱玻璃/吸热玻璃
- 吹玻璃
- 塑膠玻璃/塑胶玻璃
- 安全玻璃
- 嵌玻璃
- 強化玻璃/强化玻璃
- 彩繪玻璃/彩绘玻璃 (cǎihuì bōli)
- 彩色玻璃 (cǎisè bōli)
- 擋風玻璃/挡风玻璃
- 有機玻璃/有机玻璃 (yǒujī bōlí)
- 有色玻璃 (yǒusè bōli)
- 毛玻璃
- 水晶心肝玻璃人
- 水玻璃 (shuǐbōli)
- 泡沫玻璃
- 火玻璃
- 玻璃圈
- 玻璃天花板 (bōli tiānhuābǎn)
- 玻璃小鞋
- 玻璃布
- 玻璃帷幕
- 玻璃心 (bōlixīn)
- 玻璃心肝
- 玻璃杯 (bōlibēi)
- 玻璃泉
- 玻璃浮雕
- 玻璃液
- 玻璃烤
- 玻璃版 (bōlibǎn)
- 玻璃狀態/玻璃状态
- 玻璃畫/玻璃画
- 玻璃磚/玻璃砖
- 玻璃窗
- 玻璃粉
- 玻璃紙/玻璃纸
- 玻璃絲/玻璃丝
- 玻璃絲襪/玻璃丝袜 (bōli sīwà)
- 玻璃纖維/玻璃纤维
- 玻璃質肥料/玻璃质肥料
- 玻璃鋼/玻璃钢
- 玻璃門/玻璃门
- 玻璃骨 (bōlígǔ)
- 玻璃體/玻璃体 (bōlitǐ)
- 石英玻璃
- 硬玻璃
- 硼玻璃
- 磨砂玻璃
- 結晶玻璃/结晶玻璃
- 花窗玻璃 (huāchuāng bōli)
- 鉛玻璃/铅玻璃
- 鈷玻璃/钴玻璃
- 鋼化玻璃/钢化玻璃 (gānghuà bōli)
Descendants
editOthers:
- → Vietnamese: pha lê
References
edit- Duffus, William (1883) “glass”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 123
Japanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
玻 | 璃 |
は Hyōgai |
り Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
editNoun
editSynonyms
editDerived terms
editReferences
editCategories:
- Chinese terms derived from Prakrit languages
- Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Cantonese terms with audio links
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
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- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
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- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
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- Middle Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 玻
- Chinese terms spelled with 璃
- Chinese nouns classified by 張/张
- Chinese nouns classified by 塊/块
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- Wuhan Mandarin
- Chinese humorous terms
- Sichuanese Chinese
- Chinese slang
- Elementary Mandarin
- Chinese disyllabic morphemes
- zh:Materials
- Japanese terms spelled with 玻 read as は
- Japanese terms spelled with 璃 read as り
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji
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- Japanese terms with 2 kanji