塊
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
塊 (radical 32 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土竹山戈 (GHUI), four-corner 46113, composition ⿰土鬼)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 235, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5319
- Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 28
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 464, character 17
- Unihan data for U+584A
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 塊 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 块 | |
| alt. forms | 凷 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Characters in the same phonetic series (鬼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 謉 | *tkuːlʔ, *krul |
| 瑰 | *kuːl, *ɡuːl |
| 傀 | *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ |
| 藱 | *kuːl |
| 魁 | *kʰuːl |
| 磈 | *kʰuːlʔ, *qulʔ |
| 塊 | *kʰuːls, *kʰruːds |
| 嵬 | *ŋɡuːl, *ŋɡuːlʔ |
| 隗 | *ŋɡuːlʔ |
| 槐 | *ɡuːl, *ɡruːl |
| 瘣 | *ɡuːlʔ |
| 廆 | *ɡuːlʔ |
| 溾 | *ɡuːlʔ, *qruːl |
| 螝 | *ɡuːls, *krul |
| 褢 | *ɡruːl |
| 騩 | *krul, *kruls, *kul |
| 愧 | *kruls |
| 媿 | *kruls |
| 聭 | *kruls |
| 餽 | *ɡruls |
| 鬼 | *kulʔ |
| 魏 | *ŋɡuls |
| 巍 | *ŋul |
| 犩 | *ŋul, *ŋuls |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰuːls, *kʰruːds): semantic 土 (“earth; dust”) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ).
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): faai3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khoai
- Min Dong (BUC): kuái
- Min Nan (POJ): khoài
- Wu (Wiktionary): khue (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋ
- Wade-Giles: k'uai4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuay
- IPA (key): /kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing, erhua-ed)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋㄦ
- Wade-Giles: k'uairh4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuall
- IPA (key): /kʰwɑɻ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: faai3
- Yale: faai
- Cantonese Pinyin: faai3
- Guangdong Romanization: fai3
- IPA (key): /fɑːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khoai
- Hakka Romanization System: kuai
- Hagfa Pinyim: kuai4
- IPA: /kʰu̯ai̯⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kuái
- IPA (key): /kʰuɑi²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: khue (T2)
- IPA (key): /kʰɯe̞³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 塊 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰuai⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /kʰuai⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /kʰuai⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /kʰuɛ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /kʰuɛ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /kʰuai³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /kʰuai⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /kʰuɛ⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /kʰuɛ⁵³/ /kʰuɛ¹³/ |
|
| Lanzhou | /kʰuɛ⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /kʰuai²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /kʰuai⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /kʰuai⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /kʰuai⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /kʰuæ⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /kʰuae⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /kʰue̞⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰuai⁴⁵/ 一～糖 /kʰuai⁵³/ 糖～～ |
| Pingyao | /kʰuæ⁵³/ /xuæ⁵³/ 一～人 |
|
| Hohhot | /kʰuɛ⁵⁵/ 兩～錢 /kʰuɛ⁵³/ 石頭～子 |
|
| Wu | Shanghai | /kʰue³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /kʰue̞⁵¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /kʰue̞⁴⁴⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /kʰai⁴²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /kʰua³²⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /kʰua⁴²/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kʰuai⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /kʰuai⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kʰuai²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰuai⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | ||
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fai³³/ |
| Nanning | /fai³³/ /wai³³/ |
|
| Hong Kong | /fai³³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /kʰuai²¹/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kʰuɑi²¹²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | ||
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ko²¹³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /xɔi³⁵/ /xuai³⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 塊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦對切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰuʌiH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʰuoiH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kʰuɒiH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰwəjH/ |
| Li Rong |
/kʰuᴀiH/ |
| Wang Li |
/kʰuɒiH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰuɑ̆iH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
kuì |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 塊 | 塊 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
kuài | kuài |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ khwɛjH › | ‹ khwojH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[kʰ]ˤ<r>uj-s/ | /*[kʰ]ˤuj-s/ |
| English | clod, lump | clod; lump |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 塊 | 塊 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 4666 | 4676 |
| Phonetic component |
鬼 | 鬼 |
| Rime group |
微 | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
塊 | 蒯 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʰuːls/ | /*kʰruːds/ |
| Notes | 說文凷或體 | 或作墤，廣韻只作墤 |
DefinitionsEdit
塊
- piece; chunk; lump; part
- (colloquial) Classifier for money: yuan; dollar; buck
- Classifier for piece of something (food, cloth, stone): piece; chunk; slab
- Classifier for areas of land: plot; tract; area
- (Sichuan, obsolete) tomb; grave
See alsoEdit
- (Cantonese) 嚿
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 塊 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | |
| Harbin | ||
| Tianjin | ||
| Jinan | ||
| Qingdao | ||
| Zhengzhou | ||
| Xi'an | ||
| Xining | ||
| Yinchuan | ||
| Lanzhou | ||
| Ürümqi | ||
| Wuhan | ||
| Chengdu | ||
| Guiyang | ||
| Kunming | ||
| Nanjing | ||
| Hefei | ||
| Jin | Taiyuan | |
| Pingyao | ||
| Hohhot | ||
| Wu | Shanghai | |
| Suzhou | ||
| Hangzhou | ||
| Wenzhou | ||
| Hui | Shexian | |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | |
| Xiangtan | ||
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | |
| Taoyuan | ||
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | |
| Nanning | ||
| Hong Kong | ||
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /te²¹/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /tøy³²/ 訓讀 | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /tʰi⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | ||
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
DefinitionsEdit
塊
- (Min) piece; chunk; lump; part
- (Min) Classifier for piece of something (food, cloth, stone): piece; chunk; slab
- (Min Dong) place
- 底塊 / 底块 [Min Dong] ― diē-dó̤i / [tie³³⁻⁵⁵ (t-)lɔy²¹³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA] ― where
- (Min Dong, colloquial) Classifier for money: yuan; dollar; buck
- (Min Dong) Classifier for places.
JapaneseEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
塊 • (goe) (hangeul 괴, McCune-Reischauer koe)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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