塊
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
塊 (radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土竹山戈 (GHUI), four-corner 46113, composition ⿰土鬼)
Derived charactersEdit
Related charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 235, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5319
- Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 28
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 464, character 17
- Unihan data for U+584A
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 塊 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 块 | |
| alternative forms | 凷 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 謉 | *tkuːlʔ, *krul |
| 瑰 | *kuːl, *ɡuːl |
| 傀 | *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ |
| 藱 | *kuːl |
| 魁 | *kʰuːl |
| 磈 | *kʰuːlʔ, *qulʔ |
| 塊 | *kʰuːls, *kʰruːds |
| 嵬 | *ŋɡuːl, *ŋɡuːlʔ |
| 隗 | *ŋɡuːlʔ |
| 槐 | *ɡuːl, *ɡruːl |
| 瘣 | *ɡuːlʔ |
| 廆 | *ɡuːlʔ |
| 溾 | *ɡuːlʔ, *qruːl |
| 螝 | *ɡuːls, *krul |
| 褢 | *ɡruːl |
| 騩 | *krul, *kruls, *kul |
| 愧 | *kruls |
| 媿 | *kruls |
| 聭 | *kruls |
| 餽 | *ɡruls |
| 鬼 | *kulʔ |
| 魏 | *ŋɡuls |
| 巍 | *ŋul |
| 犩 | *ŋul, *ŋuls |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰuːls, *kʰruːds): semantic 土 (“earth; dust”) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ).
Etymology 1Edit
Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
塊
- piece; chunk; lump; part
- (colloquial) Classifier for money: yuan; dollar; buck
- Classifier for piece of something (food, cloth, stone): piece; chunk; slab
- Classifier for areas of land: plot; tract; area
- (Teochew) place
- 1883, Fielde, Adele Marion, “無 (bô̤)”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 16:
- (Sichuanese, obsolete) tomb; grave
- † appearance of calmness and indifference
- alt. forms: 魁
- † appearance of solitude
- alt. forms: 魁
SynonymsEdit
See alsoEdit
- (Cantonese) 嚿 (huò)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Jerry Norman reconstructs Common Min *tɔi5 based on the coastal Min forms; it is unclear how the Min Bei forms relate to the coastal Min forms. Possibly from 段 (OC *doːns, “section; segment”); compare 短 (OC *toːnʔ, “short”) > Xiamen Hokkien té (Coblin, n.d.).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
塊
- (Min) piece; chunk; lump; part
- (Min) Classifier for piece of something (food, cloth, stone): piece; chunk; slab
- (Min Dong) place
- 底塊 / 底块 [Min Dong] ― diē-dó̤i / [tie³³⁻⁵⁵ (t-)lɔy²¹³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA] ― where
- (Min Dong, colloquial) Classifier for money: yuan; dollar; buck
- (Min Dong) Classifier for places.
- (Philippines Hokkien) Classifier for songs.
SynonymsEdit
- (yuan): (see dialectal synonyms table above)
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 首, 支 | |
| Mandarin | Taiwan | 首 |
| Guilin | 首 | |
| Singapore | 首 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 支, 隻 |
| Hong Kong | 首, 隻, 支 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 隻, 支 | |
| Macau | 支 | |
| Panyu | 隻 | |
| Huadu (Huashan) | 隻 | |
| Conghua | 隻 | |
| Zengcheng | 支 | |
| Foshan | 支 | |
| Nanhai (Shatou) | 隻 | |
| Shunde | 支 | |
| Sanshui | 支 | |
| Gaoming (Mingcheng) | 支 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 支 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 支 | |
| Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) | 支 | |
| Doumen | 支 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 支 | |
| Xinhui | 支 | |
| Taishan | 條 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 條 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 條 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 隻 | |
| Dongguan | 支 | |
| Bao'an (Shajing) | 支 | |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 支 |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 條 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 隻 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 條 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 隻 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 條 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 條 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 條 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 條 | |
| Hsinchu (Raoping) | 條 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 條 | |
| Min Nan | Tainan | 條, 首 |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 條 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 塊 | |
| Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 條 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 隻 |
Further readingEdit
- “Entry #9382”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
塊
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 塊 |
| かたまり Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 塊 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 塊, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 塊 |
| かい Grade: S |
| kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 塊 (MC kʰuʌiH).
PronunciationEdit
AffixEdit
Derived termsEdit
- 塊茎 (kaikei)
- 塊鉱 (kaikō)
- 塊根 (kaikon)
- 塊状 (kaijō)
- 塊然 (kaizen)
- 塊村 (kaison)
- 塊炭 (kaitan)
- 塊土 (kaido)
- 一塊 (ikkai)
- 岩塊 (gankai)
- 凝塊 (gyōkai)
- 金塊 (kinkai)
- 血塊 (kekkai)
- 山塊 (sankai)
- 集塊 (shūkai)
- 小塊 (shōkai)
- 水塊 (suikai)
- 石塊 (sekkai)
- 団塊 (dankai)
- 地塊 (chikai)
- 鋳塊 (chūkai)
- 土塊 (dokai)
- 肉塊 (nikukai), 肉塊 (nikkai)
- 氷塊 (hyōkai)
- 糞塊 (funkai)
- 磊塊 (raikai)
- 卵塊 (rankai)
- 陸塊 (rikukai)
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 塊 (MC kʰuʌiH).
| Historical readings |
|---|
|
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwe̞] ~ [kø̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [궤/괴]
HanjaEdit
塊 (eumhun 덩어리 괴 (deong'eori goe))
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
- 강괴 (剛塊, ganggoe)
- 단괴 (團塊, dan'goe)
- 대괴 (大塊, daegoe)
- 금괴 (金塊, geumgoe)
- 빙괴 (氷塊, binggoe)
- 산괴 (山塊, san'goe)
- 괴상 (塊狀, goesang)
- 괴근 (塊根, goegeun)
- 괴석 (塊石, goeseok)
- 광괴 (鑛塊, gwanggoe)
- 괴탄 (塊炭, goetan)
- 분괴 (分塊, bun'goe)
- 석되 (石塊, seokdoe)
- 설괴 (雪塊, seolgoe)
- 혈괴 (血塊, hyeolgoe)
- 괴광 (塊鑛, goegwang)
- 괴금 (塊金, goegeum)
- 괴철 (塊鐵, goecheol)
- 괴촌 (塊村, goechon)
- 괴토 (塊土, goeto)
- 근괴 (根塊, geun'goe)
- 토괴 (土塊, togoe)
- 강괴 (鋼塊, ganggoe)
- 일괴 (一塊, ilgoe)
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
塊: Hán Nôm readings: khối, cỏi, khỏi, hòn, khói
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{{rfdef}}.