塊

See also: 凷 and 块

塊 U+584A, 塊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-584A ← 塉 [U+5849] CJK Unified Ideographs 塋 → [U+584B]

Contents

Translingual

Han character

塊 (radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土竹山戈 (GHUI), four-corner 4611₃, composition ⿰土鬼)

Derived characters

• 𤐡, 𤮟, 𭻻

Related characters

• 块 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• KangXi: page 235, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5319
• Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 464, character 17
• Unihan data for U+584A

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Chinese

trad.		塊
simp.		块
variant forms		凷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (鬼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
謉	*tkuːlʔ, *krul
瑰	*kuːl, *ɡuːl
傀	*kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ
藱	*kuːl
魁	*kʰuːl
磈	*kʰuːlʔ, *qulʔ
塊	*kʰuːls, *kʰruːds
嵬	*ŋɡuːl, *ŋɡuːlʔ
隗	*ŋɡuːlʔ
槐	*ɡuːl, *ɡruːl
瘣	*ɡuːlʔ
廆	*ɡuːlʔ
溾	*ɡuːlʔ, *qruːl
螝	*ɡuːls, *krul
褢	*ɡruːl
騩	*krul, *kruls, *kul
愧	*kruls
媿	*kruls
聭	*kruls
餽	*ɡruls
鬼	*kulʔ
魏	*ŋɡuls
巍	*ŋul
犩	*ŋul, *ŋuls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰuːls, *kʰruːds): semantic 土 (“earth; dust”) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): kuài (kuai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄞˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): kuai³

• Cantonese (Jyutping): faai³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khoai

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kuai⁴

• Min Bei (KCR): ko̿
• Min Dong (BUC): kuái
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): khoài

  (Teochew, Peng'im): go³

• Wu (Wiktionary): khue (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: kuài
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋ
    • Wade–Giles: k'uai⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuay
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuài
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰwaɪ̯˥˩/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Pinyin: kuàir
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋㄦ
    • Wade–Giles: k'uairh⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuall
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuàir
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰwɑɻ˥˩/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: kuai³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuai
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰuai˥˧/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: faai³
    • Yale: faai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: faai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fai³
    • IPA ^(key): /fäːi̯˧/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khoai
    • Hakka Romanization System: kuai
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kuai⁴
    • IPA: /kʰu̯ai̯˥/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kuai⁴
    • IPA: /kʰuaɪ˥˧/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ko̿
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰo˧/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kuái
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰuɑi˨˩˧/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoài
    • Tâi-lô: khuài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoaix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰuai˨˩/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰuai˦˩/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰuai˨˩/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰuai˩˩/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰuai˨˩/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: go³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kò
    • IPA ^(key): /ko²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: khue (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɯe̞˧˦/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 塊
Mandarin	Beijing	/kʰuai˥˩/
	Harbin	/kʰuai˥˧/
	Tianjin	/kʰuai˥˧/
	Jinan	/kʰuɛ˨˩/
	Qingdao	/kʰuɛ˦˨/
	Zhengzhou	/kʰuai˧˩˨/
	Xi'an	/kʰuai˥˧/
	Xining	/kʰuɛ˥˧/
	Yinchuan	/kʰuɛ˥˧/ /kʰuɛ˩˧/
	Lanzhou	/kʰuɛ˦˦˨/
	Ürümqi	/kʰuai˨˩˧/
	Wuhan	/kʰuai˦˨/
	Chengdu	/kʰuai˥˧/
	Guiyang	/kʰuai˦˨/
	Kunming	/kʰuæ˥˧/
	Nanjing	/kʰuae˦˦/
	Hefei	/kʰue̞˥˧/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kʰuai˦˥/ 一～糖 /kʰuai˥˧/ 糖～～
	Pingyao	/kʰuæ˥˧/ /xuæ˥˧/ 一～人
	Hohhot	/kʰuɛ˥˥/ 兩～錢 /kʰuɛ˥˧/ 石頭～子
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰue˧˥/
	Suzhou	/kʰue̞˥˩˧/
	Hangzhou	/kʰue̞˦˦˥/
	Wenzhou	/kʰai˦˨/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰua˧˨˦/
	Tunxi	/kʰua˦˨/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰuai˦˩/
	Xiangtan	/kʰuai˦˨/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰuai˨˩˧/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰuai˥˧/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fai˧˧/
	Nanning	/fai˧˧/ /wai˧˧/
	Hong Kong	/fai˧˧/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰuai˨˩/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰuɑi˨˩˨/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ko˨˩˧/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/xɔi˧˥/ /xuai˧˥/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰuʌi^H/▼

Rime
Character	塊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦對切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuoiH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwəjH/
Li Rong	/kʰuᴀiH/
Wang Li	/kʰuɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰuɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuì

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤ<r>uj-s/, /*[kʰ]ˤuj-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːls/, /*kʰruːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	塊	塊
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuài	kuài
Middle Chinese	‹ khwɛjH ›	‹ khwojH ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁ<r>uj-s/	/*[kʰ]ˁuj-s/
English	clod, lump	clod; lump
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	塊	塊
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4666	4676
Phonetic component	鬼	鬼
Rime group	微	隊
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	塊	蒯
Old Chinese	/*kʰuːls/	/*kʰruːds/
Notes	說文凷或體	或作墤，廣韻只作墤

Definitions

塊

1. piece; chunk; lump; part
   • 把肉切成小塊。 / 把肉切成小块。  ―  Bǎ ròu qièchéng xiǎo kuài.  ―  Cut the meat into bite-sized pieces.
   • 它被割成了三塊。 / 它被割成了三块。  ―  Tā bèi gē chéng le sān kuài.  ―  It was cut into three parts.
2. (colloquial) Classifier for money: yuan; dollar; buck

   • 你給三塊，就可以了。 [MSC, trad.]
     你给三块，就可以了。 [MSC, simp.]

     Nǐ gěi sān kuài, jiù kěyǐ le. [Pinyin]

     If you give 3 yuan, it'll be enough.

   • 一塊錢 / 一块钱  ―  yī kuài qián  ―  a yuan; a dollar
   • 九塊一毛 / 九块一毛  ―  jiǔ kuài yī máo  ―  9.10 yuan
3. Classifier for piece of something (food, cloth, stone): piece; chunk; slab
   • 一塊蛋糕 / 一块蛋糕  ―  yī kuài dàngāo  ―  a slice of cake
   • 一塊木頭 / 一块木头  ―  yī kuài mùtóu  ―  a piece of wood
   • 呢塊木 / 呢块木 [Cantonese]  ―  nei¹ faai³ muk⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  this piece of wood
   • 呢塊肉 / 呢块肉 [Cantonese]  ―  nei¹ faai³ juk⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  this slab of meat
4. Classifier for areas of land: plot; tract; area
   • 呢塊地 / 呢块地 [Cantonese]  ―  nei¹ faai³ dei⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  this plot of land
5. (Sichuan, obsolete) tomb; grave

   • 獨滄州守禦指揮使姜知古卓旗占得西南肖波塊 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     独沧州守御指挥使姜知古卓旗占得西南肖波块 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 何光遠, 《鑑誡錄·鬼傳書》

     dú Cāngzhōu shǒuyù zhǐhuīshǐ Jiāng Zhīgǔ zhuó qí zhàn dé xīnán xiào bō kuài [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Synonyms

See also

• (Cantonese) 嚿／𫩥

Compounds

• 一塊／一块 (yīkuài)
• 一塊兒／一块儿 (yīkuàir)
• 一塊肉／一块肉
• 一窩一塊／一窝一块
• 三窩兩塊／三窝两块
• 冰塊／冰块 (bīngkuài)
• 卵塊／卵块
• 叢塊根／丛块根
• 四方塊兒／四方块儿
• 土塊／土块
• 塊根／块根 (kuàigēn)
• 塊然／块然
• 塊然獨處／块然独处
• 塊磊／块磊
• 塊莖／块茎 (kuàijīng)
• 塊頭／块头 (kuàitóu)
• 壘塊／垒块
• 大卸八塊／大卸八块

• 大塊／大块 (dàkuài)
• 大塊兒／大块儿
• 大塊文章／大块文章
• 大塊頭／大块头
• 大煠八塊／大煠八块
• 大解八塊／大解八块
• 大陸板塊／大陆板块
• 寢苫枕塊／寝苫枕块
• 成團打塊／成团打块
• 方塊／方块 (fāngkuài)
• 方塊字／方块字 (fāngkuàizì)
• 方塊舞／方块舞
• 板塊／板块 (bǎnkuài)
• 板塊構造／板块构造
• 板塊運動／板块运动
• 枕塊／枕块
• 株塊／株块
• 模塊／模块 (mókuài)

• 消波塊／消波块
• 炒麵塊子／炒面块子
• 瓦塊／瓦块
• 痞塊／痞块
• 石塊／石块 (shíkuài)
• 砌塊建築／砌块建筑
• 磊塊／磊块
• 累塊積蘇／累块积苏
• 腫塊／肿块 (zhǒngkuài)
• 苫塊／苫块
• 葉塊繁殖／叶块繁殖
• 藉草枕塊／藉草枕块
• 血塊／血块 (xuèkuài)
• 這塊兒／这块儿
• 酒澆壘塊／酒浇垒块
• 韓盧逐塊／韩卢逐块
• 風疹塊／风疹块
• 魔術方塊／魔术方块 (móshù fāngkuài)

Etymology 2

Jerry Norman reconstructs Common Min *tɔi⁵ based on the coastal Min forms; it is unclear how the Min Bei forms relate to the coastal Min forms. Possibly from 段 (OC *doːns, “section; segment”); compare 短 (OC *toːnʔ, “short”) > Xiamen Hokkien té (Coblin, n.d.).

Pronunciation

• Min Bei (KCR): tī
• Min Dong (BUC): dó̤i
• Min Nan (POJ): tè / tèr

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• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tī
    • IPA ^(key): /tʰi˥/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dó̤i
    • IPA ^(key): /tɔy˨˩˧/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tè
    • Tâi-lô: tè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dex
    • IPA (Taipei): /te˩˩/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /te˨˩/
    • IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /te˦˩/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tèr
    • Tâi-lô: tèr
    • IPA (Kinmen): /tə˩˨/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tə˦˩/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 塊
Mandarin	Beijing
	Harbin
	Tianjin
	Jinan
	Qingdao
	Zhengzhou
	Xi'an
	Xining
	Yinchuan
	Lanzhou
	Ürümqi
	Wuhan
	Chengdu
	Guiyang
	Kunming
	Nanjing
	Hefei
Jin	Taiyuan
	Pingyao
	Hohhot
Wu	Shanghai
	Suzhou
	Hangzhou
	Wenzhou
Hui	Shexian
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha
	Xiangtan
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou
	Nanning
	Hong Kong
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/te˨˩/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tøy˧˨/ 訓讀
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/tʰi˦˦/
	Shantou (Min Nan)
	Haikou (Min Nan)

Definitions

塊

1. (Min) piece; chunk; lump; part
2. (Min) Classifier for piece of something (food, cloth, stone): piece; chunk; slab
3. (Min Dong) place
   • 底塊 / 底块 [Min Dong]  ―  diē-dó̤i / [tie˧⁻˥ ^(t-)lɔy˨˩˧] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]  ―  where
4. (Min Dong, colloquial) Classifier for money: yuan; dollar; buck
5. (Min Dong) Classifier for places.

Synonyms

• (yuan): see dialectal synonyms table above

Further reading

• “Entry #9382”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

塊

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
• Kun: かたまり (katamari, 塊, Jōyō); つちくれ (tsuchikure, 塊)

Noun

塊 (hiragana かたまり, rōmaji katamari)

1. lump, mass, clump, clod, glob

Alternative forms

• 固まり

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Korean

Hanja

塊 • (goe) (hangeul 괴, McCune–Reischauer koe)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

塊 (khối, cỏi, khỏi, hòn, khói)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.