塊
| ||||||||
Translingual
editHan character
edit塊 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土竹山戈 (GHUI), four-corner 46113, composition ⿰土鬼)
Derived characters
editRelated characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 235, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5319
- Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 28
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 464, character 17
- Unihan data for U+584A
Chinese
edit| trad. | 塊 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 块 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
edit| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 謉 | *tkuːlʔ, *krul |
| 瑰 | *kuːl, *ɡuːl |
| 傀 | *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ |
| 藱 | *kuːl |
| 魁 | *kʰuːl |
| 磈 | *kʰuːlʔ, *qulʔ |
| 塊 | *kʰuːls, *kʰruːds |
| 嵬 | *ŋɡuːl, *ŋɡuːlʔ |
| 隗 | *ŋɡuːlʔ |
| 槐 | *ɡuːl, *ɡruːl |
| 瘣 | *ɡuːlʔ |
| 廆 | *ɡuːlʔ |
| 溾 | *ɡuːlʔ, *qruːl |
| 螝 | *ɡuːls, *krul |
| 褢 | *ɡruːl |
| 騩 | *krul, *kruls, *kul |
| 愧 | *kruls |
| 媿 | *kruls |
| 聭 | *kruls |
| 餽 | *ɡruls |
| 鬼 | *kulʔ |
| 魏 | *ŋɡuls |
| 巍 | *ŋul |
| 犩 | *ŋul, *ŋuls |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːls, *kʰruːds) : semantic 土 (“earth; dust”) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ) – clod of dirt.
Etymology 1
editUnknown (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kuai3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): kuai3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): kuai2 / kuai3
- Northern Min (KCR): ko̿
- Eastern Min (BUC): kuái
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5khue
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): kuai3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kuài
- Wade–Giles: kʻuai4
- Yale: kwài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuay
- Palladius: куай (kuaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kuàir
- Wade–Giles: kʻuai4-ʼrh
- Yale: kwàir
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuall
- Palladius: куайр (kuajr)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu̯ɑɻ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: kuai3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuai
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuai⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: faai3
- Yale: faai
- Cantonese Pinyin: faai3
- Guangdong Romanization: fai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /faːi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: fai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fai³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: kuai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuai²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khoai
- Hakka Romanization System: kuai
- Hagfa Pinyim: kuai4
- Sinological IPA: /kʰu̯ai̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: kuai2 / kuai3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰxuai⁵³/, /kʰxuai⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
Note: kuai3 - classifier.
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ko̿
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰo³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kuái
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuɑi²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: kuai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu̯ai̯⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 塊 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰuai⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /kʰuai⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /kʰuai⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /kʰuɛ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /kʰuɛ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /kʰuai³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /kʰuai⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /kʰuɛ⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /kʰuɛ⁵³/ /kʰuɛ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /kʰuɛ⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /kʰuai²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /kʰuai⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /kʰuai⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /kʰuai⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /kʰuæ⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /kʰuae⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /kʰue̞⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰuai⁴⁵/ 一～糖 /kʰuai⁵³/ 糖～～ |
| Pingyao | /kʰuæ⁵³/ /xuæ⁵³/ 一～人 | |
| Hohhot | /kʰuɛ⁵⁵/ 兩～錢 /kʰuɛ⁵³/ 石頭～子 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kʰue³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /kʰue̞⁵¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /kʰue̞⁴⁴⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /kʰai⁴²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /kʰua³²⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /kʰua⁴²/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kʰuai⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /kʰuai⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kʰuai²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰuai⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | ||
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fai³³/ |
| Nanning | /fai³³/ /wai³³/ | |
| Hong Kong | /fai³³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰuai²¹/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰuɑi²¹²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | ||
| Shantou (Teochew) | /ko²¹³/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /xɔi³⁵/ /xuai³⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: khwojH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤ<r>uj-s/, /*[kʰ]ˤuj-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːls/, /*kʰruːds/
Definitions
edit塊
- piece; chunk; lump; part
- (colloquial) Classifier for money: yuan; dollar; buck
- Classifier for piece of something (food, cloth, stone): piece; chunk; slab
- Classifier for areas of land: plot; tract; area
- (Teochew) place
- 1883, Adele Marion Fielde, “無”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 16:
- (Sichuanese, obsolete) tomb; grave
- (archaic) calm and indifferent
- alt. forms: 魁
- (archaic) solitary; alone
- alt. forms: 魁
- 彫琢復朴，塊然獨以其形立。紛而封哉，一以是終。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Diāo zhuó fù pǔ, kuài rán dú yǐ qí xíng lì. Fēn ér fēng zāi, yī yǐ shì zhōng. [Pinyin]
- He put away the carving and sculpture about him, and returned to pure simplicity. Like a solitary clod of earth like that he stood there in his bodily presence. Amid all distractions he was (silent) and shut up in himself. And in this way he continued to the end of his life.
雕琢复朴，块然独以其形立。纷而封哉，一以是终。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
editSee also
edit- (Cantonese) 嚿 (gau6)
Compounds
edit- 一塊／一块 (yīkuài)
- 一塊兒／一块儿 (yīkuàir)
- 一塊肉／一块肉
- 一窩一塊／一窝一块
- 三窩兩塊／三窝两块
- 冰塊／冰块 (bīngkuài)
- 卵塊／卵块
- 叢塊根／丛块根
- 四方塊兒／四方块儿
- 土塊／土块
- 塊根／块根 (kuàigēn)
- 塊然／块然 (kuàirán)
- 塊然獨處／块然独处
- 塊磊／块磊
- 塊莖／块茎 (kuàijīng)
- 塊頭／块头 (kuàitóu)
- 壘塊／垒块
- 大卸八塊／大卸八块
- 大塊／大块 (dàkuài)
- 大塊兒／大块儿
- 大塊文章／大块文章
- 大塊頭／大块头 (dàkuàitóu)
- 大煠八塊／大煠八块
- 大解八塊／大解八块
- 大陸板塊／大陆板块
- 寢苫枕塊／寝苫枕块
- 成團打塊／成团打块
- 方塊／方块 (fāngkuài)
- 方塊字／方块字 (fāngkuàizì)
- 方塊舞／方块舞 (fāngkuàiwǔ)
- 板塊／板块 (bǎnkuài)
- 枕塊／枕块
- 板塊構造／板块构造
- 板塊運動／板块运动
- 株塊／株块
- 模塊／模块 (mókuài)
- 消波塊／消波块 (xiāobōkuài)
- 炒麵塊子／炒面块子
- 瓦塊／瓦块
- 痞塊／痞块
- 石塊／石块 (shíkuài)
- 砌塊建築／砌块建筑
- 磊塊／磊块
- 累塊積蘇／累块积苏
- 腫塊／肿块 (zhǒngkuài)
- 苫塊／苫块
- 葉塊繁殖／叶块繁殖
- 藉草枕塊／借草枕块
- 血塊／血块 (xuèkuài)
- 這塊兒／这块儿
- 酒澆壘塊／酒浇垒块
- 韓盧逐塊／韩卢逐块
- 風疹塊／风疹块 (fēngzhěnkuài)
- 魔術方塊／魔术方块 (móshù fāngkuài)
Etymology 2
editJerry Norman reconstructs Common Min *tɔi5 based on the coastal Min forms; it is unclear how the Northern Min forms relate to the Coastal Min forms. Possibly from 段 (OC *doːns, “section; segment”); compare 短 (OC *toːnʔ, “short”) > Xiamen Hokkien té (Coblin, n.d.).
Pronunciation
edit- Northern Min (KCR): tī
- Eastern Min (BUC): dó̤i
- Southern Min
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tī
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dó̤i
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔy²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 塊 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | |
| Harbin | ||
| Tianjin | ||
| Jinan | ||
| Qingdao | ||
| Zhengzhou | ||
| Xi'an | ||
| Xining | ||
| Yinchuan | ||
| Lanzhou | ||
| Ürümqi | ||
| Wuhan | ||
| Chengdu | ||
| Guiyang | ||
| Kunming | ||
| Nanjing | ||
| Hefei | ||
| Jin | Taiyuan | |
| Pingyao | ||
| Hohhot | ||
| Wu | Shanghai | |
| Suzhou | ||
| Hangzhou | ||
| Wenzhou | ||
| Hui | Shexian | |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | |
| Xiangtan | ||
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | |
| Taoyuan | ||
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | |
| Nanning | ||
| Hong Kong | ||
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /te²¹/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tøy³²/ 訓讀 | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tʰi⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | ||
| Haikou (Hainanese) |
Definitions
edit塊
- (Eastern Min, Hokkien) piece; chunk; lump; part
- (Northern Min, Eastern Min, Hokkien, Leizhou Min) Classifier for piece of something (food, cloth, stone): piece; chunk; slab
- (Northern Min, Eastern Min, colloquial) Classifier for money: yuan; dollar; buck
- (Hokkien) Classifier for songs.
- (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Teochew) place
- alt. forms: 地, 帶／带 (dài), 處／处
- 底塊／底块 [Eastern Min] ― diē-dó̤i / [tie³³⁻⁵⁵ (t-)lɔy²¹³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA] ― where
- 鎮塊／镇块 [Hokkien] ― tìn-tè [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to take up space
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) home
- alt. forms: 地
- (Eastern Min, Hokkien) Classifier for places.
Synonyms
edit- (yuan): (see dialectal synonyms table above)
Compounds
editFurther reading
edit- “塊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #9382”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
editKanji
edit塊
Readings
editCompounds
editEtymology 1
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 塊 |
| かたまり Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 塊 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 塊, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 塊 |
| かい Grade: S |
| kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 塊 (MC khwojH).
Pronunciation
editAffix
editDerived terms
editDerived terms
- 塊茎 (kaikei)
- 塊鉱 (kaikō)
- 塊根 (kaikon)
- 塊状 (kaijō)
- 塊然 (kaizen)
- 塊村 (kaison)
- 塊炭 (kaitan)
- 塊土 (kaido)
- 一塊 (ikkai)
- 岩塊 (gankai)
- 凝塊 (gyōkai)
- 金塊 (kinkai)
- 血塊 (kekkai)
- 山塊 (sankai)
- 集塊 (shūkai)
- 小塊 (shōkai)
- 水塊 (suikai)
- 石塊 (sekkai)
- 団塊 (dankai)
- 地塊 (chikai)
- 鋳塊 (chūkai)
- 土塊 (dokai)
- 肉塊 (nikukai), 肉塊 (nikkai)
- 氷塊 (hyōkai)
- 糞塊 (funkai)
- 磊塊 (raikai)
- 卵塊 (rankai)
- 陸塊 (rikukai)
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 塊 (MC khwojH).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 쾽〮 (Yale: khwóy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 괴〯 (kwǒy) (Yale: kwǒy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwe̞] ~ [kø̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [궤/괴]
Hanja
edit
塊 (eumhun 덩어리 괴 (deong'eori goe))
Compounds
editCompounds
- 강괴 (剛塊, ganggoe)
- 단괴 (團塊, dan'goe)
- 대괴 (大塊, daegoe)
- 금괴 (金塊, geumgoe)
- 빙괴 (氷塊, binggoe)
- 산괴 (山塊, san'goe)
- 괴상 (塊狀, goesang)
- 괴근 (塊根, goegeun)
- 괴석 (塊石, goeseok)
- 광괴 (鑛塊, gwanggoe)
- 괴탄 (塊炭, goetan)
- 분괴 (分塊, bun'goe)
- 석되 (石塊, seokdoe)
- 설괴 (雪塊, seolgoe)
- 혈괴 (血塊, hyeolgoe)
- 괴광 (塊鑛, goegwang)
- 괴금 (塊金, goegeum)
- 괴철 (塊鐵, goecheol)
- 괴촌 (塊村, goechon)
- 괴토 (塊土, goeto)
- 근괴 (根塊, geun'goe)
- 토괴 (土塊, togoe)
- 강괴 (鋼塊, ganggoe)
- 일괴 (一塊, ilgoe)
References
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit塊: Hán Nôm readings: khối, cỏi, khỏi, hòn, khói
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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