Wiktionary

張

See also: 张
張 U+5F35, 張
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F35
← 弴
[U+5F34] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 弶 →
[U+5F36]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

張 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓尸一女 (NSMV), four-corner 11232, composition ⿰弓長)

Derived charactersEdit

Related charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 359, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9812
  • Dae Jaweon: page 675, character 33
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 997, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5F35

ChineseEdit

trad. 張
simp. 张
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (長) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
張 *taŋ, *taŋs
餦 *taŋ
粻 *taŋ
漲 *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs
長 *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs
脹 *taŋs
痮 *taŋs
帳 *taŋs
賬 *taŋs
倀 *tʰaŋ, *rtaːŋs
鼚 *tʰaŋ
鋹 *tʰaŋʔ
悵 *tʰaŋs
韔 *tʰaŋs
萇 *daŋ
瓺 *daŋ, *daŋs
棖 *rdaːŋ
掁 *rdaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *taŋ, *taŋs): semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/b-raŋ (“strong; firm; tense”) or Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)aŋ (“tense; tight”); compare Tibetan ཐང་པོ (thang po, “tense; tight; firm”), Burmese တင်း (tang:, “to tighten; to be tight”).

Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive of pronunciation 1, literally “to be stretched” (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note:
  • tiuⁿ/tioⁿ/tiauⁿ - colloquial (incl. surname);
  • tiong/tiang - literary.
Note: diên1 (Chaozhou), dion1 (Shantou) - surname.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 張
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂaŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹/
/t͡sɑŋ²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃaŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂaŋ³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ¹³/
/t͡suə¹³/ ～村
Hohhot /t͡sɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sã⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sã⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕi³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕia³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂan³³/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂɔn³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡soŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃoŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sœŋ⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sœŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sœŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tiɔŋ⁵⁵/
/tiũ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tuoŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tiɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡siaŋ³³/
/tiõ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡siaŋ²³/
/ʔdio²³/
Rime
Character 張
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陟良切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈɨaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ȶiaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ȶĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȶi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zoeng1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 張
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ trjang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.traŋ/
English draw a bow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 張
Reading # 1/2
No. 1259
Phonetic
component 		長
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		張
Old
Chinese 		/*taŋ/

DefinitionsEdit

張

  1. to stretch; to open up; to spread
    張弓／张弓  ―  zhāng gōng  ―  to draw a bow
    張開／张开  ―  zhāngkāi  ―  to open up, to spread
    張口／张口  ―  zhāngkǒu  ―  to gape, to yawn
  2. to expand; to spread
    擴張／扩张  ―  kuòzhāng  ―  to expand, expansion
    聲張／声张  ―  shēngzhāng  ―  to make public, to disclose
    誇張／夸张  ―  kuāzhāng  ―  to exaggerate
  3. to set out; to display
    張貼／张贴  ―  zhāngtiē  ―  to [put up (a notice, poster, etc.)
  4. to look
    東張西望／东张西望  ―  dōngzhāngxīwàng  ―  to look around
  5. (of a new business) to start; to open for business
    新張／新张  ―  xīnzhāng  ―  to begin doing business
  6. Classifier for things with a flat surface: sheet
    一張地圖／一张地图  ―  yī zhāng dìtú  ―  a map
    一張桌子／一张桌子  ―  yī zhāng zhuōzi  ―  a table
    幾張凳／几张凳 [Cantonese]  ―  gei2 zoeng1 dang3 [Jyutping]  ―  several chairs
    兩張紙／两张纸 [Cantonese]  ―  loeng5 zoeng1 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  two sheets of paper
    一張嘴／一张嘴  ―  yī zhāng zuǐ  ―  one mouth
    高雄一張／高雄一张 [Hokkien]  ―  Ko-hiông chi̍t tiuⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  One ticket to Kaohsiung
  7. Classifier for votes.
  8. (Cantonese, Hakka, Zhongshan Min) Classifier for knives.
  9. (Cantonese) Classifier for age of a person, approximating in multiples of tens. (only for thirty years old or above)
    三張嘢／三张嘢 [Cantonese]  ―  saam1 zoeng1 je5 [Jyutping]  ―  thirty-odd years old
    三張幾／三张几 [Cantonese]  ―  saam1 zoeng1 gei2 [Jyutping]  ―  thirty-something years old
  10. (Chinese astronomy) Extended Net (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
  11. a surname. Zhang, listed #24 of the Baijiaxing
    張飛／张飞  ―  Zhāng Fēi  ―  Zhang Fei (Chinese military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty)
    張藝謀／张艺谋  ―  Zhāng Yìmóu  ―  Zhang Yimou (Chinese film director)
SynonymsEdit
Dialectal synonyms of 把 (“(classifier for knives)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 把
Mandarin Beijing 把
Taiwan 把
Yantai (Muping) 把
Jinan 把
Luoyang 把
Wanrong 把
Xi'an 把
Yinchuan 把
Lanzhou 把
Xining 把
Ürümqi 把
Wuhan 把
Chengdu 把
Guilin 把
Liuzhou 把
Xuzhou 把
Yangzhou 把
Nanjing 把
Hefei 把
Malaysia 把
Singapore 把
Cantonese Guangzhou 把, 張
Hong Kong 把, 張
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 柄, 把
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 張
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 把
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 把
Macau 張
Guangzhou (Panyu) 張
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 張
Guangzhou (Conghua) 張
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 張
Foshan 張
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 張
Foshan (Shunde) 張
Foshan (Sanshui) 張
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 張
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 張
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 張
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 張
Zhuhai (Doumen) 張
Jiangmen (Baisha) 張
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 張
Taishan 張
Kaiping (Chikan) 張
Enping (Niujiang) 張
Heshan (Yayao) 張
Dongguan 張
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 張
Qingyuan 張
Fogang 張
Yingde (Hanguang) 張
Yangshan 張
Lianshan (Butian) 把
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 張
Shaoguan 張
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 張, 把
Renhua 張
Lechang 把
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 張
Sihui 張
Guangning 張
Deqing 張
Huaiji 支, 把
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 張
Yunfu 張
Xinxing 張
Luoding 把
Yunan (Pingtai) 張
Yangjiang 張
Xinyi 張
Lianjiang 把
Nanning 把
Guiping 把
Mengshan (Xihe) 把
Guigang (Nanjiang) 張
Beiliu (Tangliao) 把
Baise 把
Bobai 張
Lingshan 把
Pubei 把
Qinzhou 把
Beihai 把
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 把
Ningming 把
Hengxian 把
Hezhou (Pumen) 張
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 把
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 把
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 把
Móng Cái 把
Gan Nanchang 把
Lichuan 把
Pingxiang 把
Hakka Meixian 張
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 把
Dongguan (Qingxi) 張
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 張
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 張
Conghua (Lütian) 把
Yudu 把
Hong Kong 張
Beiliu (Tang'an) 張
Mashan (Pianlian) 把
Senai (Huiyang) 把
Huizhou Jixi 把
Jin Taiyuan 把
Xinzhou 把
Min Bei Jian'ou 把
Min Dong Fuzhou 把
Min Nan Xiamen 叢, 支
Quanzhou 叢
Zhangzhou 叢
Manila (Hokkien) 支
Zhangping (Yongfu) 支
Pingnan (Shangdu) 把
Chaozhou 支
Shantou 支
Bangkok (Teochew) 支
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 支
Leizhou 把
Haikou 把
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 張
Sanxiang 張
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 把
Wu Shanghai 把
Shanghai (Chongming) 把
Suzhou 把
Danyang 把
Hangzhou 把
Ningbo 把
Wenzhou 把
Jinhua 把
Xiang Changsha 把
Loudi 把
Shuangfeng 把
Quanzhou 把
Dialectal synonyms of 條 (“(classifier for quilts)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 條, 床
Mandarin Beijing 條, 床
Taiwan 條
Jinan 床
Xi'an 條, 床
Wuhan 床
Chengdu 床
Yangzhou 床
Hefei 床
Cantonese Guangzhou 張, 床
Hong Kong 張, 床
Yangjiang 番
Nanning 番
Gan Nanchang 床
Hakka Meixian 番
Jin Taiyuan 張, 條, 根
Min Bei Jian'ou 床
Min Dong Fuzhou 床
Min Nan Xiamen 領, 床
Quanzhou 領, 床
Zhangzhou 領, 床
Singapore (Hokkien) 領
Chaozhou 領
Shantou 領
Wu Suzhou 條
Wenzhou 條, 床
Xiang Changsha 鋪, 床
Shuangfeng 床
DescendantsEdit

Pronunciation 2Edit

Rime
Character 張
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 知亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶiɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈɨaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/ȶiaŋH/
Wang
Li 		/ȶĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȶi̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zoeng3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 張
Reading # 2/2
No. 1270
Phonetic
component 		長
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		帳
Old
Chinese 		/*taŋs/

DefinitionsEdit

張

  1. to boast; to exaggerate (now merged into Pronunciation 1)
  2. † Original form of 脹／胀 (zhàng).
  3. † Original form of 帳／帐 (zhàng).

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 張

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

張

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to stretch; to spread

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Derived termsEdit

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

張 (eum 장 (jang))

  1. give, throw, have (a party etc.).
  2. grant (a favor), bestow, confer.

Middle VietnameseEdit

NounEdit

張 (blang)

  1. page of a book

DescendantsEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

張: Hán Nôm readings: trương, trang, chanh, choang, chương, giương, chăng, chướng, dăng

  1. A surname. Trương or Truong.
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