張

See also: 张

Contents

TranslingualEdit

EtymologyEdit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *taŋ, *taŋs): semantic 弓 ‎(“bow”) + phonetic 長 ‎(OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs) -- to stretch with a bow.

Han characterEdit

張 (radical 57 弓+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓尸一女 (NSMV), four-corner 1123₂, composition ⿰弓長)

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 359, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9812
• Dae Jaweon: page 675, character 33
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 997, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5F35

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ChineseEdit

trad.		張
simp.		张

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhāng (zhang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng³, zoeng¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chông
• Min Nan (POJ): tiong / tiang / tiuⁿ / tioⁿ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄤ
    • Wade-Giles: chang¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jang
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zoeng³, zoeng¹
    • Yale: jeung, jēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng³, dzoeng¹
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕœːŋ³³/, /t͡ɕœːŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chông
    • Hakka Romanization System: zong´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zong¹
    • IPA: /t͡soŋ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong
    • Tâi-lô: tiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diofng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tioⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tionn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dvioy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔ̃⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiuⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tiunn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dviw
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiũ³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiũ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiũ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiũ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiang
    • Tâi-lô: tiang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diafng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaŋ⁴⁴/
    • Note: tiuⁿ/tioⁿ - colloquial; tiong/tiang - literary; chiang - unknown dialect.

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 張
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂaŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹/ /t͡sɑŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tʃaŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂaŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂɔ̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂɑ̃³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂã̠/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂaŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂɑ̃²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sɒ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ¹³/ /t͡suə¹³/ ～村
	Hohhot	/t͡sɑ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sã⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sã⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sɑŋ³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕi³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕia³¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiau¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂan³³/
	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂɔn³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡soŋ⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/tʃoŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sœŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sœŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sœŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tiɔŋ⁵⁵/ /tiũ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tuoŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/tiɔŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡siaŋ³³/ /tiõ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/t͡siaŋ²³/ /ʔdio²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʈɨɐŋ/, /ʈɨɐŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	張	張
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟良切	知亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨɐŋ/	/ʈɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɐŋ/	/ʈiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɑŋ/	/ȶiɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈɨaŋ/	/ʈɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/ȶiaŋ/	/ȶiaŋH/
Wang Li	/ȶĭaŋ/	/ȶĭaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯aŋ/	/ȶi̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhāng	zhàng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*C.traŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*taŋ/, /*taŋs/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	張
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhāng
Middle Chinese	‹ trjang ›
Old Chinese	/*C.traŋ/
English	draw a bow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	張	張
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1259	1270
Phonetic component	長	長
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	張	帳
Old Chinese	/*taŋ/	/*taŋs/

ClassifierEdit

張

1. classifier for things with a flat surface: sheet

   一張地圖 / 一张地图  ―  yī zhāng dìtú  ―  a map

   一張桌子 / 一张桌子  ―  yī zhāng zhuōzǐ  ―  a table

   幾張凳 / 几张凳 [Cantonese]  ―  gei² zoeng¹ dang³ [Jyutping]  ―  several chairs

   兩張紙 / 两张纸 [Cantonese]  ―  loeng⁵ zoeng¹ zi² [Jyutping]  ―  two sheets of paper

2. classifier for votes

VerbEdit

張

1. to stretch; to open up; to spread

   張開 / 张开  ―  zhāngkāi  ―  to open up, to spread

   張口 / 张口  ―  zhāngkǒu  ―  to gape, to yawn

2. to expand, to spread

   擴張 / 扩张  ―  kuòzhāng  ―  to expand, expansion

   聲張 / 声张  ―  shēngzhāng  ―  to make public, to disclose

AdjectiveEdit

張

1. nervous, tense

   緊張 / 紧张  ―  jǐnzhāng  ―  nervous

   張力 / 张力  ―  zhānglì  ―  tension

Proper nounEdit

張

1. A surname​. Zhang, listed #24 of the Baijiaxing

DescendantsEdit

• Tagalog: Chang, Tiu, Tiong

ReferencesEdit

• (Min Nan) Kaifang Cidian

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

張

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: ちょう (chō)
• Kan’on: ちょう (chō)
• Kun: はる (張る, haru), はり (張り, hari)

CompoundsEdit

• 出張 (しゅっちょう) ‎(shutchō): business trip

Derived termsEdit

• 頑張 (がんば)る ‎(ganbaru)
• 頑張 (がんば)って ‎(ganbatte)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

張 • ‎(jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune-Reischauer chang, Yale cang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Middle VietnameseEdit

NounEdit

張 ‎(blang)

1. page of a book

DescendantsEdit

• Vietnamese: trang (張)

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

張 (trương, trang, chanh, choang, chương, giương, chăng, chướng, dăng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.