定

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

定 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十一卜人 (JMYO), four-corner 3080₁, composition ⿱宀𤴓)

Derived charactersEdit

𠉵啶埞婝掟淀䧑椗㱨琔腚碇䘺綻绽聢𦩘蝊諚錠锭靛顁萣𧄌

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 283, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7109
Dae Jaweon: page 559, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 918, character 2
Unihan data for U+5B9A

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		定

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (正) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
綻	*rdeːns
淀	*deːns
靛	*deːns
症	*tjɯŋs
竀	rtʰeːŋ, tʰeŋ
征	*tjeŋ
怔	*tjeŋ
正	tjeŋ, tjeŋs
鉦	*tjeŋ
鴊	tjeŋ, tjeŋs
眐	*tjeŋ
佂	*tjeŋ
整	*tjeŋʔ
政	*tjeŋs
証	*tjeŋs
定	teːŋs, deːŋs
顁	*teːŋs
錠	teːŋs, deːŋʔ, *deːŋs
掟	*deːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *teːŋs, *deːŋs): semantic 宀 + phonetic 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs)

Pronunciation 1Edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dìng (ding⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄥˋ

(Chengdu, SP): din⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дин (din, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ding⁶, deng⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): en⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): tiang⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thin

(Meixian, Guangdong): tin⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): ding³
Min Bei (KCR): diāng
Min Dong (BUC): diâng / dêng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): tiāⁿ / tēng

(Teochew, Peng'im): dian⁷ / dêng⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): ³din
Xiang (Wiktionary): din⁴ / din⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dìng
  - Wade–Giles: ting⁴
  - Yale: dìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dinq
  - Palladius: дин (din)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: din⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: din
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tin²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дин (din, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ding⁶, deng⁶
  - Yale: dihng, dehng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ding⁶, deng⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ding⁶, déng⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɪŋ²²/, /tɛːŋ²²/

Note: deng6 - variant.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: en⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /en³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: tiang⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiaŋ¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thin
  - Hakka Romanization System: tin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰin⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰin⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ding³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tĩŋ⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: diāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiaŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: diâng / dêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɑŋ²⁴²/, /tɛiŋ²⁴²/

Note:

diâng - vernacular;
dêng - literary.

Min Nan

(Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Klang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiāⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tiānn
- Phofsit Daibuun: dvia
- IPA (Nan'an, Klang): /tiã³¹/
- IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiã³³/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tiã⁴¹/
- IPA (Hui'an): /tiã²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Changtai): /tiã²²/
(Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Klang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tēng
- Tâi-lô: tīng
- Phofsit Daibuun: deng
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tiɪŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Klang): /teŋ³¹/
- IPA (Zhangpu): /tɛŋ³³/
- IPA (Changtai): /teŋ²²/
- IPA (Hui'an): /teŋ²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun): /tiɪŋ²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɪŋ³³/
- IPA (Nan'an): /tiɪŋ³¹/

Note:

tiāⁿ - vernacular;
tēng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: dian⁷ / dêng⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiāⁿ / tĕng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tĩã¹¹/, /teŋ³⁵/

Note:

dian7 - vernacular;
dêng6 - literary.

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ³din
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥ɪɲ²³/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: din⁴ / din⁵
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tin⁴⁵/, /tin²¹/

Middle Chinese: /deŋ^H/

Rime
Character	定
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒徑切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/deŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/deŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/deŋ^H/
Wang Li	/dieŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱieŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ding⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-tˤeŋ-s/, /*m-tˤeŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*deːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	定	定
Reading #	1/3	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dìng	dìng
Middle Chinese	‹ deng^H ›	‹ deng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*N-tˁeŋ-s/	/*m-tˁeŋ-s/
English	become fixed; settled (v.i.)	make fixed, settle (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	定
Reading #	2/2
No.	17187
Phonetic component	正
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	定
Old Chinese	/*deːŋs/
Notes	小徐正聲

DefinitionsEdit

定

stable; steady; fixed
我公公揸筆揸得好定。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我公公揸笔揸得好定。 [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ gung¹ gung¹ zaa¹ bat¹ zaa¹ dak¹ hou² ding⁶. [Jyutping]
My grandpa holds the pen really steadily

之前已經講定 [Cantonese, trad.]
之前已经讲定 [Cantonese, simp.]
zi¹ cin⁴ ji⁵ ging¹ gong² ding⁶ [Jyutping]
already discussed and settled upon for some time
to fix; to stabilise
to put down; to suppress
to establish; to prepare the ground for
to decide; to resolve
to determine; to settle
to order; to reserve
定貨／定货 ― dìng huò ― to order goods

定位 ― dìng wèi ― to reserve a place
certainly; definitely; surely
^† after all; at all
(Cantonese) calm
(Cantonese) in advance
想唔暈船浪，就食定暈浪丸。 [Cantonese, trad.]
想唔晕船浪，就食定晕浪丸。 [Cantonese, simp.]
soeng² m⁴ wan⁴ syun⁴ long⁶, zau⁶ sik⁶ ding⁶ wan⁴ long⁶ jyun². [Jyutping]
If you don't want to get seasick, then take a motion sickness pill in advance.

我阿媽日日都五點就開定檯等我哋返屋企食飯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我阿妈日日都五点就开定台等我哋返屋企食饭。 [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ aa³ maa¹ jat⁶ jat⁶ dou¹ ng⁵ dim² zau⁶ hoi¹ ding⁶ toi^4-2 dang² ngo⁵ dei⁶ faan¹ uk¹ kei^5-2 sik⁶ faan⁶. [Jyutping]
My mother sets the table in advance at five o'clock, waiting for us to come home for dinner.
(Cantonese) Short for 定係／定系 (“or”).
你想食飯定麵啊？ [Cantonese, trad.]
你想食饭定面啊？ [Cantonese, simp.]
nei⁵ soeng² sik⁶ faan⁶ ding⁶ min⁶ aa³? [Jyutping]
Do you want to have rice or noodles?
- 1975, 許冠傑, 薛志雄 (lyrics), “天才與白痴”, in 天才與白痴, performed by 許冠傑:
  
  扮懵定蠢才？冇咁易會知 [Cantonese, trad.]
  扮懵定蠢才？冇咁易会知 [Cantonese, simp.]
  baan⁶ mung² ding⁶ ceon² coi⁴? mou⁵ gam³ ji⁶ wui⁵ zi¹ [Jyutping]
  Playing stupid or just dumb? It's not so easy to tell
a surname
(～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 定 (MC deŋ^H)

SynonymsEdit

(to decide; to determine): 決／决 (jué)

DescendantsEdit

→ Thai: เที่ยง (tîiang)

Pronunciation 2Edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dìng (ding⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ding³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dìng
  - Wade–Giles: ting⁴
  - Yale: dìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dinq
  - Palladius: дин (din)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ding³
  - Yale: ding
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ding³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ding³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɪŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: /teŋ^H/

Rime
Character	定
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	丁定切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/teŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/teŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/teŋ^H/
Wang Li	/tieŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/tieŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ding³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤeŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*teːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	定
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dìng
Middle Chinese	‹ teng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁeŋ-s/
English	ready-cooked (food)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	定
Reading #	1/2
No.	17181
Phonetic component	正
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	矴
Old Chinese	/*teːŋs/
Notes	見詩

DefinitionsEdit

定

(～星) (Chinese astronomy) the Encampment, one of Twenty-Eight Mansions
- 定之方中、作于楚宮。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  定之方中、作于楚宫。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Dìng zhī fāngzhōng, zuò yú Chǔgōng. [Pinyin]
  When Ding culminated [at night fall],
  He began to build the palace at Chu.
^† forehead
See also: 顁／𬱫
- 麟之定、振振公姓。于嗟麟兮。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Lín zhī dìng, zhēnzhēn gōngxìng. Xūjiē lín xī. [Pinyin]
  The forehead of the Lin:
  The noble grandsons of our prince,
  Ah! they are the Lin!
^† Original form of 錠／锭 (dìng, “Classifier for silver ingots or ink sticks.”).
^‡ A kind of hoe.