關鍵

See also: 关键 and 関鍵

Chinese

		to close; to shut; to turn off to close; to shut; to turn off; to concern; to involve; mountain pass	(door lock) key
trad. (關鍵)		關	鍵
simp. (关键)		关	键
alternative forms		關楗／关楗

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guānjiàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan¹ gin⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): koan-kiān / koan-kiàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): guang¹ giang⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guānjiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guanjiàn
    • Wade–Giles: kuan¹-chien⁴
    • Yale: gwān-jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanjiann
    • Palladius: гуаньцзянь (guanʹczjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwaan¹ gin⁶
    • Yale: gwāan gihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan¹ gin⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: guan¹ gin⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːn⁵⁵ kiːn²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koan-kiān
    • Tâi-lô: kuan-kiān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koankien
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kuan⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan³³ kiɛn⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koan-kiàn
    • Tâi-lô: kuan-kiàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koankiexn
    • IPA (Taipei): /kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: guang¹ giang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuang kiăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kwaen gjonX

Rime
Character	關	鍵
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古還切	其偃切
Baxter	kwaen	gjonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuan/	/ɡɨɐnX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚan/	/ɡiɐnX/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐn/	/ɡiɐnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨn/	/gɨanX/
Li Rong	/kuan/	/ɡiɐnX/
Wang Li	/kwan/	/ɡĭɐnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwan/	/gɨ̯ɐnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guān	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaan1	gin6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kroːn  ɡanʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	關
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guān
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæn ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁro[n]/
English	barrier
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	關	鍵
Reading #	1/1	3/3
No.	8640	6222
Phonetic component	卵	建
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	關	寋
Old Chinese	/*kroːn/	/*ɡanʔ/

Noun

關鍵

1. (literal, Classical) latch (fastening for a door); door bolt
2. (figurative) crux; key element; crucial point

Synonyms

• (latch):

• 插關／插关 (chāguān) (regional)
• 門栓／门栓 (ménshuān)
• 門狗／门狗 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 門釦／门扣 (ménkòu)
• 門閂／门闩 (ménshuān)

 

• (crux):

• 牛鼻子 (niúbízi) (figurative)
• 癥結／症结 (zhēngjié) (figurative)
• 肯綮 (figurative)
• 要害 (yàohài)
• 關鍵之處／关键之处 (guānjiàn zhī chù)

 

Adjective

關鍵

1. (figurative) crux; key; crucial; pivotal

   一個關鍵細節／一个关键细节  ―  yīge guānjiàn xìjié  ―  a crucial detail

   關鍵成果／关键成果  ―  guānjiàn chéngguǒ  ―  key results

Synonyms

• 主要 (zhǔyào) (most important)
• 吃勁／吃劲 (chījìn) (colloquial)
• 基本 (jīběn)
• 根本 (gēnběn)
• 當家／当家 (dāngjiā) (attributive, most important)
• 要緊／要紧 (yàojǐn)
• 重大
• 重要 (zhòngyào)

 

Derived terms

• 關鍵字／关键字 (guānjiànzì)
• 關鍵幀／关键帧 (guānjiànzhēn)
• 關鍵性／关键性 (guānjiànxìng)
• 關鍵期／关键期
• 關鍵績效指標／关键绩效指标 (guānjiàn jìxiào zhǐbiāo)
• 關鍵詞／关键词 (guānjiàncí)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (關鍵):

• → Korean: 관건(關鍵) (gwan'geon)

Korean

Hanja in this term
關	鍵

Noun

關鍵 • (gwan'geon) (hangeul 관건)

1. Hanja form^? of 관건 (“crux; key; core”).