基本

Chinese

		base; foundation; basic base; foundation; basic; (chemistry) radical	roots or stems of plants; origin; source roots or stems of plants; origin; source; this; the current; root; foundation; basis; (a measure word)
simp. and trad. (基本)		基	本

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīběn

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄅㄣˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gei¹ bun²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gei¹ bon²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kî-pún

(Meixian, Guangdong): gi¹ bun³
Eastern Min (BUC): gĭ-buōng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ki-pún

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi¹ bung²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ci-pen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīběn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄅㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiběn
  - Wade–Giles: chi¹-pên³
  - Yale: jī-běn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jibeen
  - Palladius: цзибэнь (czibɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gei¹ bun²
  - Yale: gēi bún
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹ bun²
  - Guangdong Romanization: géi¹ bun²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵ puːn³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gei¹ bon²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei³³ pᵘɔn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî-pún
  - Hakka Romanization System: gi^ˊ bun^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹ bun³
  - Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴ pun³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gi¹ bun³
  - Sinological IPA: /ki⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pun³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭ-buōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(p-)βuoŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-pún
  - Tâi-lô: ki-pún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ki'puon
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ pun⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ pun⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ pun⁵³/
  - IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴ pun²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² pun⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gi¹ bung²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ki púng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³³⁻²³ puŋ⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ci-pen
  - MiniDict: ci^平 pen
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ji-pen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pən²¹/

Middle Chinese: ki pwonX

Rime
Character	基	本
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	居之切	布忖切
Baxter	ki	pwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨ/	/puən^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨ/	/puon^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kie/	/puən^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨ/	/pwən^X/
Li Rong	/kiə/	/puən^X/
Wang Li	/kĭə/	/puən^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki/	/puən^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī	běn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei¹	bun²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)ə C.pˤə[n]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kɯ pɯːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	基	本
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jī	běn
Middle Chinese	‹ ki ›	‹ pwon^X ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)ə/	/*C.pˁə[n]ʔ/
English	base (n.)	tree trunk
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	基	本
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9930	473
Phonetic component	其	本
Rime group	之	文
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	姬	本
Old Chinese	/*kɯ/	/*pɯːnʔ/

Noun

基本

basis; root; fundament

Synonyms

edit

來源／来源 (láiyuán)
出處／出处 (chūchù)
大本 (dàběn) (literary)
本源 (běnyuán)
根 (gēn)
根本 (gēnběn)
根源 (gēnyuán)
根頭／根头 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
泉源 (quányuán)
淵源／渊源 (yuānyuán)
源 (yuán) (literary, or in compounds)
源泉 (yuánquán) (figurative)
源頭／源头 (yuántóu) (figurative)
濫觴／滥觞 (lànshāng) (literary)
由來／由来 (yóulái)
起源 (qǐyuán)

Adjective

基本

basic; fundamental; elementary; rudimentary
基本詞彙／基本词汇 ― jīběn cíhuì ― basic vocabulary

基本假設／基本假设 ― jīběn jiǎshè ― basic assumption

馬克思主義基本原理 [MSC, trad.]
马克思主义基本原理 [MSC, simp.]
mǎkèsīzhǔyì jīběn yuánlǐ [Pinyin]
the basic principles of Marxism

申請入黨的基本條件 [MSC, trad.]
申请入党的基本条件 [MSC, simp.]
shēnqǐng rùdǎng de jīběn tiáojiàn [Pinyin]
basic requirements for applying for party membership
important; essential; main

Synonyms

(basic): 基礎／基础 (jīchǔ), (attributive) 起碼／起码 (qǐmǎ)
(important):

edit

主要 (zhǔyào) (most important)
吃勁／吃劲 (chījìn) (colloquial)
吃緊／吃紧 (chījǐn)
根本 (gēnběn)
當家／当家 (dāngjiā) (attributive, most important)
要緊／要紧 (yàojǐn)
重大
重要 (zhòngyào)
關鍵／关键 (guānjiàn)

Adverb

基本

overall; on the whole; generally; more or less; in the main

Synonyms

edit

全盤看來／全盘看来 (quánpán kànlái)
基本上 (jīběnshàng)
大抵 (dàdǐ)
大致上 (dàzhìshang)
大都
大體／大体 (dàtǐ)
大體上／大体上 (dàtǐshang)
大體而言／大体而言 (dàtǐ ér yán)
總的來說／总的来说 (zǒngdeláishuō)
總算／总算 (zǒngsuàn)

Derived terms

全民基本收入 (quánmín jīběn shōurù)
基本上 (jīběnshàng)
基本功 (jīběngōng)
基本區／基本区 (jīběnqū)
基本單位／基本单位
基本國策／基本国策
基本工資／基本工资 (jīběn gōngzī)
基本收入 (jīběn shōurù)
基本法 (jīběnfǎ)
基本相互作用 (jīběn xiānghù zuòyòng)
基本矛盾
基本粒子 (jīběn lìzǐ)
基本詞彙／基本词汇
基本點／基本点 (jīběndiǎn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (基本):

→ Japanese: 基(き)本(ほん) (kihon)
→ Korean: 기본(基本) (gibon)
→ Vietnamese: cơ bản (基本)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
基	本
き Grade: 5	ほん Grade: 1
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きほん [kìhóń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲihõ̞ɴ]

Noun

基(き)本(ほん) • (kihon)

basis, foundation
(martial arts) kihon

Synonyms

Antonyms

枝葉(えだは) (edaha, “trivia, nonessential”)
応用(おうよう) (ōyō, “advance”)

Derived terms

基(き)本(ほん)的(てき) (kihonteki): basic, elementary, fundamental
基(き)本(ほん)給(きゅう) (kihonkyū): basic salary
基(き)本(ほん)財(ざい)産(さん) (kihonzaisan): endowment
基(き)本(ほん)数(すう) (kihonsū): monoploid number

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
基	本

Noun

基本 • (gibon) (hangeul 기본)

hanja form^? of 기본 (“basis, foundation”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
基	本

Noun

基本

chữ Hán form of cơ bản (“basic; essential; fundamental”).

Adverb

基本

chữ Hán form of cơ bản (“basically; essentially”).

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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