Wiktionary

還

See also: 还
還 U+9084, 還
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9084
← 邃
[U+9083] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 邅 →
[U+9085]

Translingual Edit

Han character Edit

還 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+13, 17 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 16 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜田中女 (YWLV), four-corner 36303, composition ⿺辶睘)

References Edit

  • KangXi: page 1266, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39174
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1764, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3888, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+9084

Chinese Edit

trad. 還
simp. 还*

Glyph origin Edit

Historical forms of the character 還
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (睘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
癏 *kʷraːn
擐 *kʷraːn, *ɡʷraːns
還 *ɡʷraːn, *sɢʷan
環 *ɡʷraːn
鬟 *ɡʷraːn
寰 *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷeːns
闤 *ɡʷraːn
糫 *ɡʷraːn
圜 *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷen
鐶 *ɡʷraːn
轘 *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷraːns
澴 *ɡʷraːn
繯 *ɡʷraːns, *ɡʷeːnʔ
檈 *sɢʷan, *sɢʷin
儇 *qʰʷen
翾 *qʰʷen
蠉 *qʰʷen, *qʰʷenʔ
嬛 *qʰʷen, *qʷen, *ɡʷeŋ
譞 *qʰʷen
懁 *kʷeːns
獧 *kʷeːns
噮 *qʷeːns
彋 *ɡʷreːŋ, *ɡʷreːŋ
睘 *ɡʷeŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡʷraːn, *sɢʷan): semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ) – to go back; to return.

Etymology Edit

“to return”
From Austroasiatic; compare Khmer រង្វាន់ (rŭəngvŏən, “reward; award; bonus”) (Schuessler, 2007). Probably related to 環 (OC *ɡʷraːn, “ring; to encircle”) (ibid.).
"still; also"
The Mandarin reading hái is perhaps from huán (huán → hán → hái), ultimately from the verb sense "to return" (Zhao, 2018).
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Is the Mandarin reading of hai2 the result of repurposing an existing character? It doesn't seem to be related to non-Mandarin readings and the Old/Middle Chinese data.”

Pronunciation 1 Edit

Note:
  • uan4 - “to return (an object)”;
  • fan4 - used in compounds, e.g. 還原／还原.
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • hèng - vernacular;
    • huàng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • hêng/hâiⁿ/hân/hn̂g - vernacular;
    • hoân - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: hoin5 / hain5 / huang5 / huêng5
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hôiⁿ / hâiⁿ / huâng / huêng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /hõĩ⁵⁵/, /hãĩ⁵⁵/, /huaŋ⁵⁵/, /hueŋ⁵⁵/
    Note:
    • hoin5/hain5 - vernacular;
    • huang5/huêng5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 還
    Mandarin Beijing /xuan³⁵/
    Harbin /xuan²⁴/
    Tianjin /xuan⁴⁵/ ～原
    Jinan /xuã⁴²/
    Qingdao /xuã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /xuan⁴²/
    Xi'an /xuã²⁴/
    Xining /xuã²⁴/
    Yinchuan /xuan⁵³/ 归～
    Lanzhou /xuɛ̃n⁵³/
    Ürümqi /xuan⁵¹/
    Wuhan /xuan²¹³/
    Chengdu /xuan³¹/
    Guiyang /xuan²¹/ 歸～
    Kunming /xuã̠³¹/
    Nanjing /xuaŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /xuæ̃⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /xuæ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /xuɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /xuæ̃³¹/ ～東西
    Wu Shanghai /ɦue²³/
    Suzhou /ɦue̞¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɦuõ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /va³¹/
    Hui Shexian /xuɛ⁴⁴/ 歸～
    Tunxi /uɛ⁴⁴/ 歸～
    Xiang Changsha /fan¹³/ ～價
    Xiangtan /ɸan¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /uan⁴⁵/ 有借有～
    /fan⁴⁵/ ～原
    Hakka Meixian /fan¹¹/ ～原
    Taoyuan /hɑn¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /wan²¹/
    Nanning /wan²¹/
    Hong Kong /wan²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /huan³⁵/
    /hãi³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huaŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xiŋ³³/
    /uiŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /huaŋ⁵⁵/
    /hõi⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /huaŋ³¹/
    Rime
    Character 還
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 刪 (70)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 戸關切
    Baxter hwaen
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦˠuan/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷᵚan/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣuɐn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦwaɨn/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣuan/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣwan/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣwan/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		huán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		waan4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 還
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		huán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hwæn ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɢ]ʷˁ<r>en/
    English turn around; return

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 還
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 16230
    Phonetic
    component         		睘
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		還
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡʷraːn/

    Definitions Edit

    還

    1. to return to a place; to go back to a place
      還家／还家  ―  huánjiā  ―  to return home
      還鄉／还乡  ―  huánxiāng  ―  to return to one's hometown
      還原／还原  ―  huányuán  ―  to return to the original state, [chemistry] to reduce
      還俗／还俗  ―  huánsú  ―  to resume secular life
    2. to return an object; to give back
      償還／偿还  ―  chánghuán  ―  to reimburse
      還書／还书  ―  huánshū  ―  to return the books (to the library)
      欠錢不還／欠钱不还  ―  qiàn qián bù huán  ―  to owe money (without the intention of paying back)
      把我的手機還給我。 [MSC, trad.]
      把我的手机还给我。 [MSC, simp.]
      Bǎ wǒ de shǒujī huán gěi wǒ. [Pinyin]
      Give my mobile back to me.
    3. to do or give something in return
      還嘴／还嘴  ―  huánzuǐ  ―  to retort
      還手／还手  ―  huánshǒu  ―  to hit back
      還禮／还礼  ―  huánlǐ  ―  to present a gift in return
      還擊／还击  ―  huánjī  ―  to fight back
      還價／还价  ―  huánjià  ―  to make a counter-offer buying price
      以眼還眼，以牙還牙 [MSC, trad.]
      以眼还眼，以牙还牙 [MSC, simp.]
      yǐ yǎn huán yǎn, yǐ yá huán yá [Pinyin]
      (literally) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth; tit for tat
    4. (Cantonese) to treat separately
      Synonym: 歸／归 (guī) (Mandarin)
    5. (Malaysia, Singapore, obsolete in Philippine Hokkien) to pay
    6. a surname
    Synonyms Edit
    Dialectal synonyms of 還 (“to return; to give back”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 還
    Mandarin Beijing 還
    Taiwan 還
    Jinan 還
    Xi'an 還
    Wuhan 還
    Chengdu 還
    Yangzhou 還
    Hefei 還
    Cantonese Guangzhou 還
    Hong Kong 還
    Yangjiang 還
    Gan Nanchang 還
    Hakka Meixian 還
    Jin Taiyuan 還
    Min Bei Jian'ou 還
    Min Dong Fuzhou 填
    Min Nan Xiamen 還
    Chaozhou 還
    Wu Suzhou 還
    Wenzhou 還
    Xiang Changsha 還, 退
    Shuangfeng 還
    Dialectal synonyms of 付 (“to pay”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 付
    Mandarin Taiwan 付
    Guilin 付
    Yangzhou 付
    Malaysia 還, 付
    Singapore 還, 付
    Cantonese Guangzhou 畀
    Hong Kong 畀
    Singapore (Guangfu) 畀
    Gan Nanchang 付
    Hakka Kuching (Hepo) 還
    Min Dong Fuzhou 付
    Min Nan Tainan 付
    Penang (Hokkien) 予
    Singapore (Hokkien) 還
    Manila (Hokkien) 把拉, 還 obsolete
    Wu Shanghai 付

    Compounds Edit

    Descendants Edit

    • → Thai: หวน (hǔuan)

    Pronunciation 2 Edit

    Note:
    • huan1/huan5/han5 - vernacular;
    • huang5/huêng5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 還
    Mandarin Beijing /xai³⁵/
    Harbin /xai⁵³/
    /xai²⁴/
    Tianjin /xai⁴⁵/ ～有
    Jinan
    Qingdao
    Zhengzhou
    Xi'an
    Xining
    Yinchuan
    Lanzhou /xɛ̃n⁵³/
    Ürümqi
    Wuhan
    Chengdu
    Guiyang /xai²¹/ ～是
    Kunming
    Nanjing /xae²⁴/
    Hefei
    Jin Taiyuan
    Pingyao
    Hohhot /xæ̃³¹/ ～不走
    Wu Shanghai /ɦe²³/
    Suzhou
    Hangzhou
    Wenzhou
    Hui Shexian /uɛ⁴⁴/ ～有
    Tunxi /uːə⁴⁴/ ～要
    Xiang Changsha /xai¹³/ 副詞
    Xiangtan
    Gan Nanchang
    Hakka Meixian /han¹¹/ ～有
    Taoyuan
    Cantonese Guangzhou
    Nanning
    Hong Kong
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan)
    Fuzhou (Min Dong)
    Jian'ou (Min Bei)
    Shantou (Min Nan)
    Haikou (Min Nan)

    Definitions Edit

    還

    1. still; yet; indicates that the phenomenon or observation still exists or the action is still ongoing
      他還沒來。／他还没来。  ―  Tā hái méi lái.  ―  He hasn't come yet.
      還未得住。／还未得住。 [Taishanese]  ―  van3 mei5 ak2 zi5. [Wiktionary]  ―  It's still not OK.
      你怎麼還沒到？／你怎么还没到？  ―  Nǐ zěnme hái méi dào?  ―  Why are you still not here?
      這裡還是老樣子。／这里还是老样子。  ―  Zhèlǐ hái shì lǎo yàngzi.  ―  Here's still the same as before.
      十點了，他還在工作。 [MSC, trad.]
      十点了，他还在工作。 [MSC, simp.]
      Shí diǎn le, tā hái zài gōngzuò. [Pinyin]
      It's ten o'clock already and he is still working.
      幾年不見，她還那麼漂亮。 [MSC, trad.]
      几年不见，她还那么漂亮。 [MSC, simp.]
      Jǐ nián bù jiàn, tā hái nàme piàoliàng. [Pinyin]
      She is still very beautiful after all these years.
      考試完還要上課。／考试完还要上课。  ―  Kǎoshì wán hái yào shàngkè.  ―  (I) still have classes after the exams.
    2. also; as well
      她會說英語，還會說西班牙語。 [MSC, trad.]
      她会说英语，还会说西班牙语。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā huì shuō yīngyǔ, hái huì shuō xībānyáyǔ. [Pinyin]
      She can speak English and can also speak Spanish.
      他賠了一大筆錢，還丟了工作。 [MSC, trad.]
      他赔了一大笔钱，还丢了工作。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā péi le yī dà bǐ qián, hái diū le gōngzuò. [Pinyin]
      He lost a lot of money and even his job.
    3. even more; indicates an increase from a certain level or a supplement
      今年比去年還冷。／今年比去年还冷。  ―  Jīnnián bǐ qùnián hái lěng.  ―  This year is even colder than last year.
    4. (before adjectives, mostly positive) passably; (surprisingly) quite
      我的成績還可以。／我的成绩还可以。  ―  Wǒ de chéngjì hái kěyǐ.  ―  I have a passable grade.
      屋子不大，收拾得倒還乾淨。 [MSC, trad.]
      屋子不大，收拾得倒还干净。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wūzi bù dà, shōushi dé dǎo hái qiánjìng. [Pinyin]
      It's quite clean for such a small room.
      孩子不大，還挺懂事的。 [MSC, trad.]
      孩子不大，还挺懂事的。 [MSC, simp.]
      Háizi bù dà, hái tǐng dǒngshì de. [Pinyin]
      The small kid is surprisingly quite sensible.
      這蛋糕還挺好吃的。 [MSC, trad.]
      这蛋糕还挺好吃的。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè dàngāo hái tǐng hǎochī de. [Pinyin]
      That was a pretty tasty cake.
    5. (often in rhetorical questions) indicates condition and contrast, interchangeable with 都 (dōu); even
      你還搬不動，何況我呢？ [MSC, trad.]
      你还搬不动，何况我呢？ [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ hái bān bù dòng, hékuàng wǒ ne? [Pinyin]
      Even you can't move it, let alone me.
    6. indicates unexpectedness; really
      他還真有辦法。／他还真有办法。  ―  Tā hái zhēn yǒu bànfǎ.  ―  Surprisingly he has a way to do this.
      還真的是。／还真的是。  ―  Hái zhēnde shì.  ―  It really is so[; would you look at that.]
    7. indicates past events; emphasising earliness
      還在幾年以前，我們就研究過這個方案。 [MSC, trad.]
      还在几年以前，我们就研究过这个方案。 [MSC, simp.]
      Hái zài jǐ nián yǐqián, wǒmen jiù yánjiū guò zhège fāng'àn. [Pinyin]
      The proposal has been studied by us a couple of years ago (and now you made the suggestion to study it).
    8. (Hakka, usually in exclamation) very
      還大雨噢！／还大雨噢！ [Meixian Hakka]  ―  han2 tai4 yi3 o3! [Hakka Transliteration Scheme]  ―  It's raining heavily!
    Synonyms Edit
    Dialectal synonyms of 還 (“still; yet”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 猶, 尚
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 還, 仍, 尚
    Mandarin Beijing 還
    Taiwan 還
    Jinan 還
    Wanrong 還
    Xi'an 還
    Lanzhou 還
    Wuhan 還
    Chengdu 還
    Guilin 還
    Liuzhou 還
    Yangzhou 還
    Nanjing 還
    Hefei 還
    Nantong 還
    Malaysia 還
    Singapore 還
    Cantonese Guangzhou 重
    Hong Kong 重
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 重
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 重
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 重
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 還
    Macau 重
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 重
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 重
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 重
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 重
    Foshan 重
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 重
    Foshan (Shunde) 重
    Foshan (Sanshui) 重
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 重
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 還
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 重
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 重
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 還
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 還
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 還
    Taishan 還
    Kaiping (Chikan) 還
    Enping (Niujiang) 還
    Heshan (Yayao) 重
    Dongguan 重
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 重
    Shenzhen (Dapeng) 重, 還
    Qingyuan 重
    Fogang 重
    Yingde (Hanguang) 閒
    Yangshan 重
    Lianshan (Butian) 成
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 重
    Shaoguan 重
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 重
    Renhua 重
    Lechang 重
    Sihui 重
    Deqing 淨, 重
    Huaiji 重
    Yunfu 鄭
    Xinxing 重
    Luoding 重
    Yunan (Pingtai) 鄭
    Yangjiang 還
    Xinyi 重
    Nanning 重
    Wuzhou 重
    Yulin 重
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 重
    Mengshan (Xihe) 重
    Beiliu (Tangliao) 重
    Bobai 重
    Qinzhou 重
    Beihai 重
    Ningming 重
    Hengzhou 淨
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 重
    Singapore (Guangfu) 重
    Gan Nanchang 還
    Pingxiang 還
    Hakka Meixian 還
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 重
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 還
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 還
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 還
    Conghua (Lütian) 還
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 還
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 還
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 還
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 還
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 還
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 猶
    Hong Kong 還
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 還
    Kuching (Hepo) 還
    Huizhou Jixi 還
    Jin Taiyuan 還
    Min Bei Jian'ou 固, 唵
    Min Dong Fuzhou 固
    Matsu 固
    Min Nan Xiamen 猶, 猶閣
    Quanzhou 猶, 猶閣
    Zhangzhou 猶, 猶閣
    Zhao'an 還
    Tainan 猶, 猶閣
    Penang (Hokkien) 閣
    Singapore (Hokkien) 猶, 猶閣, 閣
    Manila (Hokkien) 猶, 猶閣
    Chaozhou 還
    Shantou 還
    Jieyang 還
    Haifeng 還
    Singapore (Teochew) 還
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 仲
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 重
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 還
    Wu Shanghai 還
    Suzhou 還
    Danyang 還
    Wenzhou 還
    Jinhua 還
    Xiang Changsha 還
    Loudi 還
    Shuangfeng 還
    Quanzhou 還
    Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 甚, 孔
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 很, 非常, 十分
    Mandarin Beijing 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
    Taiwan 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
    Tianjin 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
    Jinan 挺, 楞
    Xi'an 很
    Wuhan 蠻, 很
    Chengdu 很, 好
    Chongqing 很
    Yangzhou 蠻, 稀, 很
    Hefei 很
    Malaysia 很
    Singapore 很, 蠻, 非常
    Cantonese Guangzhou 好, 非常之
    Hong Kong 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 好
    Taishan 好, 十分之
    Yangjiang 好
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 好
    Singapore (Guangfu) 好, 非常之, 非常
    Gan Nanchang 蠻
    Hakka Meixian 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
    Huidong (Daling) 好
    Wuhua (Meilin) 好
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頂
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 好
    Changting 野
    Wuping (Pingyu) 已, 刮
    Liancheng 樣
    Ninghua 好
    Ruijin 蠻
    Shicheng 蠻
    Shangyou (Shexi) 蠻
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 已, 還
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 蓋, 盡, 還
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 當, 盡, 已, 還
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 當, 已, 還
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 當, 已, 還
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 足, 真, 實在
    Hong Kong 好
    Sabah (Bao'an) 好
    Kuching (Hepo) 很
    Singapore (Dabu) 好
    Jin Taiyuan 很, 挺
    Min Bei Jian'ou 盡
    Min Dong Fuzhou 野, 真
    Singapore (Fuqing) 真
    Sitiawan (Gutian) 真
    Min Nan Xiamen 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 真
    Quanzhou 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人
    Jinjiang 野
    Zhangzhou 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人
    Zhao'an 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
    Dongshan 真, 非常
    Taipei 真, 誠
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 真, 誠
    Kaohsiung 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
    Yilan 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
    Changhua (Lukang) 真, 誠
    Taichung 誠, 蓋, 足
    Tainan 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
    Hsinchu 真, 誠
    Kinmen 足, 誠
    Penghu (Magong) 真, 誠
    Penang (Hokkien) 真, 誠, 真正
    Singapore (Hokkien) 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
    Manila (Hokkien) 野, 真, 萬代, 真正
    Chaozhou 過, 好, 非常, 死爸
    Shantou 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
    Shantou (Chenghai) 好, 死絕
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 好, 非常
    Jieyang 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
    Bangkok (Teochew) 好
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 好
    Singapore (Teochew) 真, 死爸, 非常
    Wenchang 極, 但顧, 真
    Haikou 但顧
    Qionghai 但顧, 真
    Singapore (Hainanese) 但顧, 真
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 好, 蠻
    Wu Shanghai 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
    Suzhou 蠻, 窮
    Hangzhou 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
    Ningbo 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𠊉好, 𠊉派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
    Zhoushan 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
    Wenzhou 蠻, 蒙, 顯
    Xiang Changsha 很, 蠻
    Shuangfeng 蠻

    Compounds Edit

    Pronunciation 3 Edit

    Rime
    Character 還
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
    Final (韻) 仙 (78)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 似宣切
    Baxter zjwen
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ziuᴇn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/zʷiɛn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/zjuæn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/zwian/
    Li
    Rong         		/ziuɛn/
    Wang
    Li         		/zĭwɛn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/zi̯wɛn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xuán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		cyun4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 還
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xuán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ zjwen ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-ɢʷen/
    English turn around, return; agile

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 還
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 16244
    Phonetic
    component         		睘
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		旋
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sɢʷan/

    Definitions Edit

    還

    1. † Alternative form of 旋 (“to rotate; to turn around”)
    2. † nimble; agile
    3. † immediately

    Japanese Edit

    Shinjitai 還
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    還󠄁
    還+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)         		 
    還󠄃
    還+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji Edit

    還

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings Edit

    Etymology Edit

    Kanji in this term
    還
    かん
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 還 (MC hwaen).

    Pronunciation Edit

    Affix Edit

    還(かん) • (kan) 

    1. to return

    References Edit

    1. ^ “還”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

    Korean Edit

    Hanja Edit

    還 • (hwan, seon) (hangeul 환, 선)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese Edit

    Han character Edit

    還: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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