還
See also: 还
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
還 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+13, 17 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 16 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜田中女 (YWLV), four-corner 36303, composition ⿺辶睘)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1266, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39174
- Dae Jaweon: page 1764, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3888, character 2
- Unihan data for U+9084
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 還 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 还* | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 還 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 癏 | *kʷraːn |
| 擐 | *kʷraːn, *ɡʷraːns |
| 還 | *ɡʷraːn, *sɢʷan |
| 環 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 鬟 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 寰 | *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷeːns |
| 闤 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 糫 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 圜 | *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷen |
| 鐶 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 轘 | *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷraːns |
| 澴 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 繯 | *ɡʷraːns, *ɡʷeːnʔ |
| 檈 | *sɢʷan, *sɢʷin |
| 儇 | *qʰʷen |
| 翾 | *qʰʷen |
| 蠉 | *qʰʷen, *qʰʷenʔ |
| 嬛 | *qʰʷen, *qʷen, *ɡʷeŋ |
| 譞 | *qʰʷen |
| 懁 | *kʷeːns |
| 獧 | *kʷeːns |
| 噮 | *qʷeːns |
| 彋 | *ɡʷreːŋ, *ɡʷreːŋ |
| 睘 | *ɡʷeŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡʷraːn, *sɢʷan): semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ) – to go back; to return.
EtymologyEdit
- “to return”
- From Austroasiatic; compare Khmer រង្វាន់ (rŭəngvŏən, “reward; award; bonus”) (Schuessler, 2007). Probably related to 環 (OC *ɡʷraːn, “ring; to encircle”) (ibid.).
- "still; also"
- The Mandarin reading hái is perhaps from huán (huán → hán → hái), ultimately from the verb sense "to return" (Zhao, 2018).
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
還
- to return to a place; to go back to a place
- to return an object; to give back
- to do or give something in return
- (Malaysia, Singapore, obsolete in Philippines Hokkien) to pay
- a surname
SynonymsEdit
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 付 | |
| Mandarin | Taiwan | 付 |
| Guilin | 付 | |
| Yangzhou | 付 | |
| Malaysia | 還, 付 | |
| Singapore | 還, 付 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 畀 |
| Hong Kong | 畀 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 畀 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 付 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 還 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 付 |
| Min Nan | Taipei | 付 GT |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 予 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 還 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 把拉, 還 obsolete | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 付 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | |
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 還
DescendantsEdit
- → Thai: หวน (hǔuan)
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
還
- still; yet; indicates that the phenomenon or observation still exists or the action is still ongoing
- 他還沒來。／他还没来。 ― Tā hái méi lái. ― He hasn't come yet.
- 還未得住。／还未得住。 [Taishanese] ― van3 mei5 ak2 zi5. [Wiktionary] ― It's still not OK.
- 你怎麼還沒到？／你怎么还没到？ ― Nǐ zěnme hái méi dào? ― Why are you still not here?
- 這裡還是老樣子。／这里还是老样子。 ― Zhèlǐ hái shì lǎo yàngzi. ― Here's still the same as before.
- 考試完還要上課。／考试完还要上课。 ― Kǎoshì wán hái yào shàngkè. ― (I) still have classes after the exams.
- also; as well
- even more; indicates an increase from a certain level or a supplement
- (before adjectives, mostly positive) passably; (surprisingly) quite
- (often in rhetorical questions) indicates condition and contrast, interchangeable with 都 (dōu); even
- indicates unexpectedness; really
- indicates past events; emphasising earliness
- (Hakka, usually in exclamation) very
- 還大雨噢！／还大雨噢！ [Meixian Hakka] ― han2 tai4 yi3 o3! [Hakka Transliteration Scheme] ― It's raining heavily!
SynonymsEdit
Dialectal synonyms of 還 (“still; yet”) [map]
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 還
Pronunciation 3Edit
DefinitionsEdit
還
- † Alternative form of 旋 (xuán, “to rotate; to turn around”).
- † nimble; agile
- † immediately
JapaneseEdit
| Shinjitai | 還 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
還󠄁 還+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) |
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| 還󠄃 還+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
KanjiEdit
還
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: げん (gen); ぜん (zen)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō); せん (sen)
- Kan’yō-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kun: かえる (kaeru, 還る); また (mata, 還); めぐる (meguru)
EtymologyEdit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 還 |
| かん Grade: S |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 還 (MC ɦˠuan).
PronunciationEdit
AffixEdit
- to return
ReferencesEdit
- ^ “還”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
還 • (hwan, seon) (hangeul 환, 선)
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VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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