鞠

鞠	U+97A0, 鞠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-97A0

Translingual

Han character

鞠 (Kangxi radical 177, 革+8, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿十心火木 (TJPFD), four-corner 4752₀, composition ⿰革匊)

Derived characters

驧, 巈, 蘜, 𥷥, 𠮑, 𡖁

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1389, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42892
Dae Jaweon: page 1903, character 31
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4340, character 1
Unihan data for U+97A0

Chinese

trad.		鞠
simp. ^#		鞠
2nd round simp.		匊
alternative forms		毩 ancient

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鞠
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (匊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
菊	*kuɡ
鞠	kuɡ, kʰuɡ, *ɡuɡ
掬	*kluɡ
匊	*kluɡ
鵴	kuɡ, ɡuɡ
椈	*kuɡ
諊	*kuɡ
踘	kuɡ, ɡuɡ
趜	kuɡ, ɡuɡ
蘜	*kuɡ
鞫	*kuɡ
巈	*kuɡ
麴	*kʰuɡ
毱	*ɡuɡ
驧	*ɡuɡ

A phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) composed of phonetic ⿰革勹 + semantic 米. An earlier written form of 麴 (“starter with brewer's yeast”) (Zhao, 2002).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jū, jú

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ, ㄐㄩˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): guk¹
Gan (Wiktionary): jiuh⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiuk
Northern Min (KCR): kṳ̆
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiok

(Teochew, Peng'im): giog⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jū
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
  - Wade–Giles: chü¹
  - Yale: jyū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
  - Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jú
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyú
  - Wade–Giles: chü²
  - Yale: jyú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyu
  - Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: guk¹
  - Yale: gūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: gug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: jiuh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiuʔ⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰy²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok
  - Tâi-lô: kiok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: giog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiok̚²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 鞠
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕy²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕy²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕy²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕy¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕy³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕiu²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiu³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕyʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕioʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕɤu²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiuʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiu⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕy²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕy²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕiuʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiuk̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰiuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kok̚⁵/
	Nanning	/kuk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kuk̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kiɔk̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/køyʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰy²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kiok̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kok̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: kjuwk, khjuwk, gjuwk

Rime
Character	鞠	鞠	鞠
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	溪 (29)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)	屋 (4)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	居六切	驅匊切	渠竹切
Baxter	kjuwk	khjuwk	gjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuk̚/	/kʰɨuk̚/	/ɡɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuk̚/	/kʰiuk̚/	/ɡiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuk̚/	/kʰiuk̚/	/ɡiuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwk̚/	/kʰuwk̚/	/guwk̚/
Li Rong	/kiuk̚/	/kʰiuk̚/	/ɡiuk̚/
Wang Li	/kĭuk̚/	/kʰĭuk̚/	/ɡĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯uk̚/	/kʰi̯uk̚/	/gi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ju	qu	jú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	guk¹	huk¹	guk⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kuɡ/, /*kʰuɡ/, /*ɡuɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鞠	鞠	鞠
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	7006	7018	7021
Phonetic component	匊	匊	匊
Rime group	覺	覺	覺
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	菊	麴	驧
Old Chinese	/*kuɡ/	/*kʰuɡ/	/*ɡuɡ/
Notes			後世變毬

Definitions

鞠

(historical) leather ball used in games
to bend; to curve
to bow
bow
to rear; to raise; to nourish
young; childish
to warn; to admonish
Alternative form of 鞫 (jū, “to interrogate; to exhaust”)
Alternative form of 菊 (jú, “chrysanthemum”)
a surname

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qū, qú

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩ, ㄑㄩˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qū
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyu
  - Wade–Giles: chʻü¹
  - Yale: chyū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiu
  - Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qú
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyú
  - Wade–Giles: chʻü²
  - Yale: chyú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyu
  - Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/

Definitions

鞠

Ancient form of 麴 / 曲 (“starter with brewer's yeast”).

Japanese

Kanji

鞠

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

ball

Readings

Go-on: きく (kiku)、ぎく (giku)
Kan-on: きく (kiku)
Kun: まり (mari, 鞠)

Korean

Hanja

鞠 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鞠: Hán Nôm readings: cúc

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