Wiktionary

竹

See also: ケ
竹 U+7AF9, 竹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AF9
← 竸
[U+7AF8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 竺 →
[U+7AFA]
⽵ U+2F75, ⽵
KANGXI RADICAL BAMBOO
← ⽴
[U+2F74] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽶ →
[U+2F76]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 118 竹

竹 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹 (H), four-corner 88220, composition ⿰亇亇)

  1. Kangxi radical #118, ⽵.

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 877, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25841
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1305, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2947, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7AF9

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 竹

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 竹
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
               
Oracle bone script
 

j21672

 

j21673

 

j21674

 

j21675

 

j21676

 

j21677

 

j21678

 

j21679

 

j21680

 

j21681

 

j21682

 

j21683

 

j21684

 

j21685

 

j21686

 

j21687

 

j21688

Bronze inscriptions
 

b06421

Small seal script
 

s03282

Transcribed ancient scripts
File:ACC-L37532.svg

L37532

File:ACC-L37533.svg

L37533

File:ACC-L25445.svg

L25445

File:ACC-L25446.svg

L25446

File:ACC-L25447.svg

L25447

File:ACC-L25448.svg

L25448

File:ACC-L25449.svg

L25449

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (竹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
竺 *tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ
篤 *tuːɡ
竹 *tuɡ
筑 *tuɡ, *duɡ
築 *tuɡ
茿 *tuɡ
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 竹 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 竹 (Cantonese)
  • tek (Min Nan)
  • 竹 (Wu)

Pictogram (象形) – two bamboo stalks, with leaves. Earlier forms resembled 个 + 个, current form resembles rather ケ + ケ.

EtymologyEdit

Compare Proto-Tai *b.twuːkᴰ (“bamboo strip for tying or weaving”), whence Thai ตอก (dtɔ̀ɔk, “bamboo strip”).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • tek/tiak - vernacular;
  • tiok - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 竹
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/
    /t͡su²⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡su⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
    Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/
    Xi'an /p͡fu²¹/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂv̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂu¹³/
    Lanzhou /p͡fu¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡səu²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡su³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡su²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂu³¹/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂuʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂuəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡suəʔ²/
    Pingyao /t͡suʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡suəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡soʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕɤu²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡suʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕiu⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂəu²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂəɯ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡suʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡suk̚¹/
    Taoyuan /tʃuk̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sok̚⁵/
    Nanning /t͡suk̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /t͡suk̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tiɔk̚³²/
    /tik̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tøyʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ty²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /tek̚²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡sok̚⁵/
    /ʔdiɔk̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 竹
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 知 (9)
    Final (韻) 東 (4)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 張六切
    Baxter trjuwk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʈɨuk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʈiuk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȶiuk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʈuwk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȶiuk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȶĭuk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȶi̯uk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zuk1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 竹
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ trjuwk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*truk/
    English bamboo

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 竹
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 17588
    Phonetic
    component         		竹
    Rime
    group         		覺
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		竹
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tuɡ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    竹

    1. (～亞科) bamboo (Classifier: 枝; 棵 m; 根 m; 轆／辘 c)
      竹子  ―  zhúzi  ―  bamboo
    2. (music) musical instrument made of bamboo
    3. a surname: Zhu

    SynonymsEdit

    Dialectal synonyms of 竹子 (“bamboo”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 竹, 篁
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 竹子
    Mandarin Beijing 竹子
    Taiwan 竹子
    Harbin 竹子
    Yantai (Muping) 竹子
    Jinan 竹子
    Luoyang 竹子
    Wanrong 竹子
    Xi'an 竹子
    Yinchuan 竹子
    Xining 竹子
    Ürümqi 竹子
    Wuhan 竹子
    Chengdu 竹子
    Guiyang 竹子
    Guilin 竹子
    Liuzhou 竹子
    Xuzhou 竹子
    Yangzhou 竹子
    Nanjing 竹子
    Hefei 竹子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 竹, 竹樹 plant
    Hong Kong 竹, 竹樹 plant
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 竹
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 竹
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 竹
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 竹
    Macau 竹
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 竹
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 竹
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 竹
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 竹
    Foshan 竹
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 竹
    Foshan (Shunde) 竹
    Foshan (Sanshui) 竹
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 竹
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 竹
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 竹
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 竹
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 竹
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 竹
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 竹
    Taishan 竹
    Kaiping (Chikan) 竹
    Enping (Niujiang) 竹
    Heshan (Yayao) 竹
    Dongguan 竹
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 竹
    Yangjiang 竹
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 竹
    Gan Nanchang 竹子
    Lichuan 竹仔
    Pingxiang 竹子
    Hakka Meixian 竹仔, 竹
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 竹
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 竹
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 竹
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 竹
    Conghua (Lütian) 竹
    Yudu 竹子
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 竹仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 竹仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 竹仔
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 竹
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 竹仔, 竹
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 竹
    Hong Kong 竹
    Senai (Huiyang) 竹仔
    Huizhou Jixi 竹
    Jin Taiyuan 竹子
    Xinzhou 竹子
    Min Bei Jian'ou 竹
    Min Dong Fuzhou 竹
    Min Nan Xiamen 竹, 竹仔
    Taipei 竹
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 竹
    Kaohsiung 竹仔
    Yilan 竹
    Changhua (Lukang) 竹
    Taichung 竹仔
    Tainan 竹
    Hsinchu 竹仔
    Kinmen 竹
    Penghu (Magong) 竹
    Penang (Hokkien) 竹
    Manila (Hokkien) 竹
    Chaozhou 竹
    Bangkok (Teochew) 竹
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 竹
    Leizhou 竹
    Haikou 竹
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 竹
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 竹, 竹根
    Wu Shanghai 竹頭
    Suzhou 竹頭
    Danyang 竹子
    Hangzhou 竹頭
    Ningbo 竹, 竹頭
    Wenzhou 竹
    Jinhua 竹兒
    Xiang Changsha 竹子
    Shuangfeng 竹子, 竹

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 竹

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    竹

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. bamboo

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Kanji in this term
    竹
    たけ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *takay.

    Theories on derivation include:[1][2]

    • From 長生 (takeou) or 高生 (takahae), in reference to the speed at which bamboo grows.
    • Cognate with 高 (taka), 長 (take), 丈 (take) "height".
    • From 高景 (takakake) or つらこえ (tsurakoe).
    • From ta meaning "tall" (高い (takai)) + ke, ancient form of 木 (ki, “tree”).
    • A contraction of 痛快茎延へ (itakukihae), referring to the speed at which bamboo grows.
    • Ta is from Korean 대 (dae, “bamboo”) (see also 대나무 (daenamu, “bamboo”, literally “bamboo tree”)), while ke is an ancient form of 木 (ki).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    竹(たけ) • (take) 

    1. bamboo
      『竹(たけ)取(とり)物(もの)語(がたり)』
      “Taketori Monogatari”
      The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter
    2. the middle of a 3-tier ranking system

    Coordinate termsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ “タケ”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
    2. ^ “竹”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
    3. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese 竹 (MC ʈɨuk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 듁〮 (tyúk) (Yale: tyuk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    竹 (eumhun 대나무 죽 (daenamu juk))

    1. Hanja form? of 죽 (“bamboo”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    竹: Hán Nôm readings: trúc

    1. (Sino-Vietnamese) bamboo
    2. any bamboo species of phyllostachys
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