菊

菊 U+83CA, 菊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83CA ← 菉 [U+83C9] CJK Unified Ideographs 菋 → [U+83CB]

菊 U+2F9A1, 菊 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A1 ← 荓 [U+2F9A0] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 菌 → [U+2F9A2]

Translingual

Han character

菊 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿心火木 (TPFD), four-corner 4492₇, composition ⿱艹匊)

References

• KangXi: page 1037, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31153
• Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3238, character 1
• Unihan data for U+83CA

• Unihan data for U+2F9A1

---

Chinese

trad.		菊
simp. #		菊
alternative forms		鞠

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 菊
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (匊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
菊	*kuɡ
鞠	*kuɡ, *kʰuɡ, *ɡuɡ
掬	*kluɡ
匊	*kluɡ
鵴	*kuɡ, *ɡuɡ
椈	*kuɡ
諊	*kuɡ
踘	*kuɡ, *ɡuɡ
趜	*kuɡ, *ɡuɡ
蘜	*kuɡ
鞫	*kuɡ
巈	*kuɡ
麴	*kʰuɡ
毱	*ɡuɡ
驧	*ɡuɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kuɡ): semantic 艹 + phonetic 匊 (OC *kluɡ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jú (ju²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): ju²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): guk¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): jiuh⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khiuk

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kiug⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): jyeh⁴
• Min Bei (KCR): gṳ̆
• Min Dong (BUC): gé̤ṳk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiok / kak / kek

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gêg⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): jyq (T4); jioq (T4)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): ju⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: jú
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyu
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyú
    • Wade–Giles: chü2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ju²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gy
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: guk¹
    • Yale: gūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: gug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: jiuh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiuʔ⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiug`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kiug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /cʰiʊk̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jyeh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕyəʔ²/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gé̤ṳk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /køyʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok
    • Tâi-lô: kiok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiog
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔk̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kak
    • Tâi-lô: kak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kag
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kak̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kek
    • Tâi-lô: kik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keg
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪk̚³²/

Note:

• kiok - literary;
• kak/kek - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gêg⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kek
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kek̚²/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: jyq (T4); jioq (T4)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɥ̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕi̯ʊʔ⁵⁵/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: ju⁶
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕu²⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 菊
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕy³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕy²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕy²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕy²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕy¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕy¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕy³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕiu²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕyʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕioʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕɤu²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiuʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiu⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕy²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕiəɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕiuʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiuk̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/kʰiuk̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kok̚⁵/
	Nanning	/kuk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kuk̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kiɔk̚³²/ /kik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/køyʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ky²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kik̚²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kiak̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: /kɨuk̚/

Rime
Character	菊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居六切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwk̚/
Li Rong	/kiuk̚/
Wang Li	/kĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	guk1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kuɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菊
Reading #	1/1
No.	7005
Phonetic component	匊
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	菊
Old Chinese	/*kuɡ/

Definitions

菊

1. (literary, or in compounds) chrysanthemum
2. (in compounds) A plant of Asteraceae or with chrysanthemum-like flowers

   雛菊 / 雏菊  ―  chújú  ―  Bellis perennis

   松葉菊 / 松叶菊  ―  sōngyèjú  ―  Lampranthus spectabilis

3. (slang, euphemistic) anus; asshole
4. A surname​: Ju

Synonyms

• (chrysanthemum):

edit

Synonyms of 菊

• 九花 (jiǔhuā)
• 九花兒／九花儿 (jiǔhuār) (Beijing)
• 壽客／寿客 (shòukè) (literary)
• 女華／女华 (nǚhuá) (literary)
• 家菊 (jiājú) (literary)

• 延年 (yánnián) (literary)
• 日精 (rìjīng) (literary)
• 秋菊 (qiūjú) (literary)
• 菊花 (júhuā)

• 金英 (jīnyīng) (literary)
• 陶菊 (táojú) (literary)
• 隱逸花／隐逸花 (yǐnyìhuā) (literary)
• 黃華／黄华 (huánghuá) (literary)

Compounds

Derived terms from 菊

• 八月菊
• 千日菊
• 南菊寺 (Nánjúsì)
• 四色菊 (Sìsèjú)
• 大理菊
• 天人菊
• 延命菊 (yánmìngjú, “daisy”)
• 春蘭秋菊／春兰秋菊
• 杭菊
• 波斯菊
• 甘菊 (gānjú)
• 矢車菊／矢车菊 (shǐchējú)
• 翠菊

• 茶菊
• 菊壇／菊坛
• 菊月 (Júyuè, “ninth month of the Chinese calendar”)
• 菊枕
• 菊版
• 菊石
• 菊秋
• 菊科 (júkē)
• 菊糖
• 菊老荷枯
• 菊芋 (júyù)
• 菊花 (júhuā, “chrysanthemum flower”)

• 菊花節／菊花节
• 菊花與劍／菊花与剑
• 菊花茶 (júhuā chá, “chrysanthemum flower tea”)
• 菊花酒
• 菊苣 (jújù)
• 萬壽菊／万寿菊 (wànshòujú)
• 藍菊／蓝菊
• 野菊 (yějú)
• 金光菊 (jīnguāngjú)
• 除蟲菊／除虫菊
• 雛菊／雏菊 (chújú, “daisy”)
• 非洲菊

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (菊):

• → Japanese: 菊(きく) (kiku)
• → Korean: 국 (菊, guk)
• → Vietnamese: cúc (菊)

References

• “菊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

---

Japanese

Kanji

菊

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: きく (kiku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: きく (kiku, Jōyō)
• Nanori: あき (aki); ひ (hi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
菊
きく Grade: S
on’yomi

菊 (kiku): the silver chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum japonense, one of many chrysanthemum species

From Middle Chinese 菊 (MC kɨuk̚).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) きく​ [kìkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• (Tokyo) きく [kìkú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kʲikɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

菊(きく) • (kiku) 

1. (botany) a chrysanthemum

   Synonyms: 河原薺蒿 (kawara ohagi), 河原艾 (kawara yomogi)

2. a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a chrysanthemum flower design
3. Short for 菊襲 (kikugasane): a type of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “garment-layering color combination”) with white on the front and purple/sappanwood red on the back
4. a loop in the shape of a chrysanthemum flower
5. Short for 菊腸 (kikuwata): the intestines of a cod, resembling that of a chrysanthemum flower
6. (card games) a suit in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of September
7. in a 京阪 (Keihan) vegetable market, a sign representing the number 9
8. (euphemistic) the anus

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as キク.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 菊(きく)科(か) (kikuka)
• 菊(きく)花(か) (kikuka), 菊(きっ)花(か) (kikka)
• 菊(きく)襲(がさね) (kikugasane)
• 菊月(きくげつ) (kikugetsu)
• 菊月(きくづき) (kikuzuki)
• 菊(きく)見(み) (kikumi)
• 菊腸(きくわた) (kikuwata)
• 磯菊(イソギク) (isogiku)
• 延命菊(えんめいぎく) (enmeigiku)
• 寒菊(カンギク) (kangiku)
• 観菊(かんぎく) (kangiku)
• 残菊(ざんぎく) (zangiku)
• 春(しゅん)菊(ぎく) (shungiku)
• 除(ジョ)虫(チュウ)菊(ギク) (jochūgiku)
• 白菊(しらぎく) (shiragiku), 白菊(しろぎく) (shirogiku)
• 野(の)菊(ぎく) (nogiku)
• 野路(ノジ)菊(ギク) (nojigiku)
• 雛菊(ヒナギク) (hinagiku)
• 乱菊(らんぎく) (rangiku)

Proper noun

菊(きく) • (Kiku) 

1. a female given name

---

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 菊 (MC kɨuk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 국〮 (kwúk) (Yale: kwuk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

菊 (eumhun 국화 국 (gukhwa guk))

1. Hanja form^? of 국 (“chrysanthemum”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 국화 (菊花, gukhwa)
• 국과 (菊科, gukgwa)
• 국월 (菊月, gugwol)
• 야국 (野菊, yaguk)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

---

Vietnamese

Han character

菊: Hán Nôm readings: cúc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.