菊

菊 U+83CA, 菊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83CA ← 菉 [U+83C9] CJK Unified Ideographs 菋 → [U+83CB]

菊 U+2F9A1, 菊 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A1 ← 荓 [U+2F9A0] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 菌 → [U+2F9A2]

Translingual

Han character

菊 (radical 140, 艸+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿心火木 (TPFD), four-corner 4492₇, composition ⿱艹匊)

References

• KangXi: page 1037, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31153
• Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3238, character 1
• Unihan data for U+83CA

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Chinese

trad.		菊
simp. #		菊

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 菊
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (匊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
菊	*kuɡ
鞠	*kuɡ, *kʰuɡ, *ɡuɡ
掬	*kluɡ
匊	*kluɡ
鵴	*kuɡ, *ɡuɡ
椈	*kuɡ
諊	*kuɡ
踘	*kuɡ, *ɡuɡ
趜	*kuɡ, *ɡuɡ
蘜	*kuɡ
鞫	*kuɡ
巈	*kuɡ
麴	*kʰuɡ
毱	*ɡuɡ
驧	*ɡuɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kuɡ): semantic 艹 + phonetic 匊 (OC *kluɡ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jú (ju²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): ju²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): guk¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): jiuh⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khiuk

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kiug⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): jyeh⁴
• Min Bei (KCR): gṳ̆
• Min Dong (BUC): gé̤ṳk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiok / kak / kek

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gêg⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): jyq (T4); jioq (T4)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): ju⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: jú
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ
    • Wade–Giles: chü2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyu
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ju²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gy
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: guk¹
    • Yale: gūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: gug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: jiuh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiuʔ⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiug`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kiug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /cʰiʊk̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jyeh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕyəʔ²/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gé̤ṳk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /køyʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok
    • Tâi-lô: kiok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiog
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔk̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kak
    • Tâi-lô: kak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kag
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kak̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kek
    • Tâi-lô: kik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keg
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪk̚³²/

Note:

• kiok - literary;
• kak/kek - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gêg⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kek
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kek̚²/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: jyq (T4); jioq (T4)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɥ̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕi̯ʊʔ⁵⁵/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: ju⁶
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕu²⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 菊
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕy³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕy²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕy²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕy²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕy¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕy¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕy³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕiu²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕyʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕioʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕɤu²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiuʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiu⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕy²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕiəɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕiuʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiuk̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/kʰiuk̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kok̚⁵/
	Nanning	/kuk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kuk̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kiɔk̚³²/ /kik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/køyʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ky²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kik̚²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kiak̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /kɨuk̚/

Rime
Character	菊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居六切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwk̚/
Li Rong	/kiuk̚/
Wang Li	/kĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ju

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kuɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菊
Reading #	1/1
No.	7005
Phonetic component	匊
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	菊
Old Chinese	/*kuɡ/

Definitions

菊

1. (literary, or in compounds) chrysanthemum
2. (slang, euphemistic) anus; asshole
3. A surname​: Ju

Synonyms

• (chrysanthemum):

edit

Synonyms of 菊

• 壽客／寿客 (shòukè) (literary)
• 女華／女华 (nǚhuá) (literary)
• 家菊 (jiājú) (literary)
• 延年 (yánnián) (literary)

• 日精 (rìjīng) (literary)
• 秋菊 (qiūjú) (literary)
• 菊花 (júhuā)
• 金英 (jīnyīng) (literary)

• 陶菊 (táojú) (literary)
• 隱逸花／隐逸花 (yǐnyìhuā) (literary)
• 黃華／黄华 (huánghuá) (literary)

Compounds

Derived terms from 菊

• 八月菊
• 千日菊
• 南菊寺 (Nánjúsì)
• 四色菊 (Sìsèjú)
• 大理菊
• 天人菊
• 延命菊 (yánmìngjú, “daisy”)
• 春蘭秋菊／春兰秋菊
• 杭菊
• 波斯菊
• 甘菊 (gānjú)
• 矢車菊／矢车菊 (shǐchējú)
• 翠菊

• 茶菊
• 菊壇／菊坛
• 菊月 (Júyuè, “ninth month of the Chinese calendar”)
• 菊枕
• 菊版
• 菊石
• 菊秋
• 菊科 (júkē)
• 菊糖
• 菊老荷枯
• 菊芋 (júyù)
• 菊花 (júhuā, “chrysanthemum flower”)

• 菊花節／菊花节
• 菊花與劍／菊花与剑
• 菊花茶 (júhuā chá, “chrysanthemum flower tea”)
• 菊花酒
• 菊苣 (jújù)
• 萬壽菊／万寿菊 (wànshòujú)
• 藍菊／蓝菊
• 野菊 (yějú)
• 金光菊 (jīnguāngjú)
• 除蟲菊／除虫菊
• 雛菊／雏菊 (chújú, “daisy”)
• 非洲菊

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (菊):

• → Japanese: 菊(きく) (kiku)
• → Korean: 국 (菊, guk)
• → Vietnamese: cúc (菊)

References

• “菊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

菊

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: きく (kiku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: きく (kiku, Jōyō)
• Nanori: あき (aki); ひ (hi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
菊
きく Grade: S
on’yomi

菊 (kiku): the silver chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum japonense, one of many chrysanthemum species

From Middle Chinese 菊 (MC kɨuk̚).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) きく​ [kìkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• (Tokyo) きく [kìkú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kʲikɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

菊(きく) • (kiku) 

1. (botany) a chrysanthemum

   Synonyms: 河原薺蒿 (kawara ohagi), 河原艾 (kawara yomogi)

2. a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a chrysanthemum flower design
3. Short for 菊襲 (kikugasane): a type of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “garment-layering color combination”) with white on the front and purple/sappanwood red on the back
4. a loop in the shape of a chrysanthemum flower
5. Short for 菊腸 (kikuwata): the intestines of a cod, resembling that of a chrysanthemum flower
6. (card games) a suit in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of September
7. in a 京阪 (Keihan) vegetable market, a sign representing the number 9
8. (euphemistic) the anus

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as キク.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 菊(きく)科(か) (kikuka)
• 菊(きく)花(か) (kikuka), 菊(きっ)花(か) (kikka)
• 菊(きく)襲(がさね) (kikugasane)
• 菊月(きくげつ) (kikugetsu)
• 菊月(きくづき) (kikuzuki)
• 菊(きく)見(み) (kikumi)
• 菊腸(きくわた) (kikuwata)
• 磯菊(イソギク) (isogiku)
• 延命菊(えんめいぎく) (enmeigiku)
• 寒菊(カンギク) (kangiku)
• 観菊(かんぎく) (kangiku)
• 残菊(ざんぎく) (zangiku)
• 春(しゅん)菊(ぎく) (shungiku)
• 除(ジョ)虫(チュウ)菊(ギク) (jochūgiku)
• 白菊(しらぎく) (shiragiku), 白菊(しろぎく) (shirogiku)
• 野(の)菊(ぎく) (nogiku)
• 野路(ノジ)菊(ギク) (nojigiku)
• 雛菊(ヒナギク) (hinagiku)
• 乱菊(らんぎく) (rangiku)

Proper noun

菊(きく) • (Kiku) 

1. a female given name

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 菊 (MC kɨuk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 국〮 (Yale: kwuk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

菊 (eumhun 국화 국 (gukhwa guk))

1. Hanja form^? of 국 (“chrysanthemum”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 국화 (菊花, gukhwa)
• 국과 (菊科, gukgwa)
• 국월 (菊月, gugwol)
• 야국 (野菊, yaguk)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

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Vietnamese

Han character

菊 (cúc)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.